{"id":"LAW-055","kind":"law","level":"law","jurisdiction":"","state":"","metro":"","industry":"","agency":"","eco":"","issuer":"HarperCollins Publishers","authority":"American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.), \u0027commerce\u0027 (ahdictionary.com)","instrument":"American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.), \u0027commerce\u0027 (ahdictionary.com)","title":"American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.), \u0027commerce\u0027 (ahdictionary.com)","dateIssued":"2026-09-26","effective":"","end":"","startDate":"2026-09-26","endDate":"","quarters":[],"types":[],"addressees":[],"clause":"Commerce, undoubtedly, is traffic, but it is something more: it is intercourse. It describes the commercial intercourse between nations, and parts of nations, in all its branches, and is regulated by prescribing rules for carrying on that intercourse. (Gibbons, 22 U.S. at 189-90)... commerce: 2: the exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place (Merriam-Webster, page as captured Mar. 2020)... 1. The buying and selling of goods, especially on a large scale, as between cities or nations. (American Heritage, 5th ed.)","enforcement":"","functions":[],"notes":"The Opening Brief at 39 states that \u0027The definition of commerce in the Supreme Court\u0027s decisions has been notably broad,\u0027 quoting Am. Librs. Ass\u0027n v. Pataki, 969 F. Supp. 160, 172 (S.D.N.Y. 1997); Pataki was not read this run and is verified_secondary through the brief.","sourceUrl":"https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=commerce","snapshot":"","fileExists":true,"fileBytes":423842,"grade":"primary","character":"dictionary","description":"","collection":"LEG-A","url":"/library/LAW-055","exhibitUrl":"/exhibit/LAW-055","citation":"HarperCollins Publishers, American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.), \u0027commerce\u0027 (ahdictionary.com) (Sept. 26, 2026) (Ex. LAW-055)","stateName":"","related":["LAW-056","LAW-057","LAW-058","LAW-059","LAW-060"]}