Colorado General Assembly (OLLS, Colorado Revised Statutes 2018), C.R.S. § 24-33.5-704 (The governor and disaster emergencies - response - duties and limitations) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CO-006)
Delaware General Assembly (codified statute), 20 Del. C. §§ 3115-3117 (General authority of the Governor; Powers; Activation of emergency or disaster response) (standing) (Ex. DUT-DE-001)
General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1973, No. 511, sec. 8; Arkansas Emergency Services Act of 1973), Ark. Code Ann. 12-75-114, Governor -- Disaster emergency responsibilities (standing) (Ex. DUT-AR-005)
Maine Legislature (37-B M.R.S. chapter 13, Maine Emergency Management Agency; Governor's emergency powers), 37-B M.R.S. secs. 703 (definitions), 741(3)(H) (delegation), 742 (emergency proclamation; Governor's powers; sec. 742(1)(C)(2), (5), (8), (12), (13) and (1)(E)), 743 (termination), 786 (enforcement; Class E crime; arrest), 822 (compliance-conditioned immunity), 827 (aid in emergency; Class E crime), 829 (duty of agencies to execute and enforce orders), 834 (inconsistent laws suspended) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ME-004)
Illinois General Assembly (Illinois Emergency Management Agency Act), 20 ILCS 3305/7 (Emergency Powers of the Governor) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IL-002)
Louisiana Legislature (codified in the Louisiana Revised Statutes), La. R.S. 29:766 (declaration of a state of public health emergency; emergency powers of the governor) (standing) (Ex. DUT-LA-007)
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (Lenk, Gaziano, Lowy, Budd, Cypher, Kafker, JJ.; opinion by Budd, J.), Desrosiers v. Governor, 486 Mass. 369, SJC-12983 (argued Sept. 11, 2020; decided Dec. 10, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MA-020)
General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.30 (Additional powers of the Governor during state of emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-003)
Maryland General Assembly (Public Safety Article, Title 14, Subtitle 1, Emergency Management), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-005)
United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Blake, J.), Memorandum opinion, Antietam Battlefield KOA v. Hogan, No. 1:20-cv-01130-CCB, ECF No. 40 (D. Md. May 20, 2020) (refusing a preliminary injunction against the Governor's orders) (Ex. DUT-MD-017)
Supreme Court of Connecticut (McDonald, J., for a unanimous court; Robinson, C.J., and McDonald, D'Auria, Mullins, Kahn, Ecker and Keller, Js.), Casey v. Lamont, SC 20494 (argued Dec. 11, 2020; officially released Mar. 29, 2021), 338 Conn. 479, 258 A.3d 647 (2021) (Ex. DUT-CT-011)
Maryland General Assembly (Public Safety Article, Title 14, Subtitle 3A, Catastrophic Health Emergencies), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-007)
Oregon Legislative Assembly (codified text published by the Office of the Legislative Counsel, oregonlegislature.gov, 2025 Edition), Statute: ORS chapter 433 (Disease and Condition Control), Oregon's communicable-disease control act: reportable diseases, investigation and control measures (433.004, 433.006); prohibition on spreading disease (433.010); isolation and quarantine of persons and isolation of premises, with law-enforcement assistance (433.121-433.156); public health emergency powers of the Governor and the Public Health Director (433.441-433.452); penalties (433.990) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OR-001)
Rhode Island General Assembly (powers vested in the Governor; duties imposed on State health authorities and local code enforcement officials), R.I. Gen. Laws § 30-15-9 (standing) (Ex. DUT-RI-008)
Tennessee General Assembly (codified statute); exercised by the Governor, Tenn. Code Ann. sec. 58-2-107 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TN-006)
Iowa General Assembly, Iowa Code ch. 29C (2021), including § 29C.6 (Proclamation of disaster emergency by governor) and § 29C.18 (Enforcement duties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IA-005)
Michigan Legislature (Emergency Management Act, 1976 PA 390), MCL 30.405, Powers of governor upon declaration of state of disaster or emergency; willful disobedience a misdemeanor (standing) (Ex. DUT-MI-010)
General Assembly of South Carolina, S.C. Code Ann. §§ 1-3-420, 1-3-430, 1-3-440, 1-3-460 (Title 1, Chapter 3, Article 7) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-006)
South Dakota Legislature (codified statute administered by the Governor and the Department of Public Safety), SDCL ch. 34-48A, Emergency Management (§§ 34-48A-1, 34-48A-2, 34-48A-5, 34-48A-9, 34-48A-49) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SD-006)
Office of the Governor (Jay Inslee), Governor's web page 'COVID-19 Reopening Guidance for Businesses and Workers' (as captured May 11, 2020) (Ex. DUT-WA-019)
Florida Legislature (codified statute); exercised by the Governor, Statute: Fla. Stat. § 252.36 (2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FL-005)
General Assembly of Georgia (Georgia Emergency Management Act; Ga. L. 1951, p. 224, as amended through Ga. L. 2011, p. 701 (HB 339) and later), O.C.G.A. section 38-3-51 (standing) (Ex. DUT-GA-007)
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (published opinion), Big Tyme Investments, L.L.C. v. Edwards, No. 20-30526 c/w No. 20-30537 (5th Cir. Jan. 13, 2021) (Ex. DUT-LA-014)
Legislative Assembly of North Dakota (codified statute; powers exercised by Governor Doug Burgum under Executive Order 2020-03), N.D.C.C. 37-17.1-05 (with 37-17.1-10 for local declarations) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ND-005)
Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division (published opinion, Docket No. A-0639-20; on appeal from the Law Division, Sussex County, L-0388-20), JWC Fitness, LLC v. Murphy, No. A-0639-20 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Oct. 18, 2021) (approved for publication) (Ex. DUT-NJ-013)
Oklahoma Legislature (Senate Bill 672, 1st Sess., 60th Leg.; enrolled), Enrolled Senate Bill No. 672 (2025) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-020)
State of Vermont, Attorney General T.J. Donovan; Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. and Sean Manovill (settlement filed for court approval January 15, 2021); reported by VTDigger (Alan J. Keays), January 15, 2021, State v. Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. (Rutland Super. Ct., Civ. Div.): settlement filed January 15, 2021 (agreement to comply with the Governor's executive order; $1,000 payment) (Jan. 15, 2021) (Ex. DUT-VT-020)
West Virginia Legislature (codified statute), W. Va. Code ch. 15, art. 5 (whole article), §§ 15-5-2, 15-5-6, 15-5-17 and 15-5-18 relied on (standing) (Ex. DUT-WV-008)
Alaska State Legislature (Alaska Disaster Act; administered by the Department of Military and Veterans' Affairs, AS 26.23.220), AS 26.23.020 and AS 26.23.025 (standing) (Ex. DUT-AK-002)
Oregon OSHA, Department of Consumer and Business Services, Oregon OSHA, Questions and Answers Regarding the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division's (Oregon OSHA) Education and Enforcement of Issues Related to COVID-19 (updated Mar. 27, 2020): the agency's statement of the employer's statutory duty and of its authority to enforce the Governor's executive orders at the workplace (standing) (Ex. DUT-OR-015)
General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Statute (Emergency Management Services Code, Title 35, Part V, Chapter 73, sec. 7301) (standing) (Ex. DUT-PA-003)
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (Donohue, J., for the Court; Saylor, C.J., Baer, Todd, Dougherty, Wecht and Mundy, JJ.), Judicial opinion (majority opinion on an emergency application for extraordinary relief) (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. DUT-PA-020)
Monongalia County Health Department (Dr. Lee B. Smith, Executive Director and County Health Officer), Monongalia County Health Department Ordinance (Health Officer's order) of July 14, 2020 (cross-reference to Ex. WV-082; not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-WV-029)
Kentucky General Assembly (KRS ch. 39A), KRS 39A.100 (standing) (Ex. DUT-KY-017)
Maine Legislature (22 M.R.S. chapter 250, Control of Notifiable Diseases and Conditions; administered by the Department of Health and Human Services through the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention), 22 M.R.S. secs. 801-825: sec. 801(4-A) (extreme public health emergency) and 801(10) (public health threat); sec. 802 (authority of department; health emergency; emergency rules; Governor's declaration); sec. 803 (inspection); sec. 804 (enforcement by agents, local health officers, sheriffs and law enforcement; cease-and-desist; fines; injunction); sec. 805 (court orders); sec. 807 (control of communicable diseases; designated facilities); sec. 808 (investigations); sec. 810 (emergency temporary custody of person or property); secs. 811-812 (court-ordered public health measures); sec. 816 (compliance-conditioned immunity); sec. 820 (extreme public health emergency powers); secs. 821-822 (reporting); sec. 825 (penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ME-001)
Montana Legislature (Montana Code Annotated, Title 10, ch. 3), Mont. Code Ann. 10-3-104 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MT-008)
Supreme Court of North Carolina, North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024) (Ex. DUT-NC-019)
Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-829.40 (cross-reference to Ex. NE-100; not re-saved) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NE-008)
Utah Legislature (Utah Code Title 53, Chapter 2a, Part 2; version effective June 25, 2020), Utah Code section 53-2a-204 (standing) (Ex. DUT-UT-009)
Legislature of Alabama (Code of Alabama 1975, Title 22, chapter 12), Ala. Code ch. 22-12 (Quarantine) (standing) (Ex. DUT-AL-004)
General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1881, No. 85, secs. 8-9), Ark. Code Ann. 20-7-113, Nuisances (standing) (Ex. DUT-AR-004)
Executive Office of the Governor (FAQ released Apr. 3, 2020 to accompany Executive Order 20-91; the copy saved is Palm Beach County's archived copy of the State document), FAQs for Executive Order 20-91: Essential Services and Activities during COVID-19 (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. DUT-FL-017)
Idaho Legislature (Idaho Code tit. 46, ch. 10, State Disaster Preparedness Act), Idaho Code section 46-1008 (text as in force March 2020 through May 9, 2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ID-008)
Oklahoma Legislature (Oklahoma Emergency Management Act of 2003), 63 O.S. 683.9 (text effective Nov. 1, 2009 to June 30, 2025) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-006)
General Assembly of South Carolina, S.C. Code Ann. § 25-1-440 (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-005)
Office of the Governor and Alabama Department of Public Health (FAQ posted on governor.alabama.gov for the State Health Officer's amended order of March 27, 2020), 'Safer at Home' Statewide Public Health Order Frequently Asked Questions (undated; posted March 2020) (Mar. 28, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AL-018)
United States District Court, M.D. Ala. (Watkins, J.), Case v. Ivey, No. 2:20-cv-777-WKW, Doc. 54 (M.D. Ala. June 1, 2021) (Memorandum and Opinion Order) (Ex. DUT-AL-021)
Supreme Court of Iowa (Mansfield, J., for a unanimous court), Riley Drive Entertainment I, Inc. v. Reynolds, No. 20-1510 (Iowa Feb. 18, 2022) (amended Apr. 7, 2022) (Ex. DUT-IA-017)
General Court; approved by the Governor July 20, 1950 (emergency law), St. 1950, c. 639 (the Civil Defense Act), ss. 1, 5, 7, 8, 8A (standing) (Ex. DUT-MA-012)
Minnesota Legislature (Minnesota Emergency Management Act of 1996, Minn. Stat. ch. 12, as amended), Minn. Stat. ch. 12 (2020), Emergency Management (standing) (Ex. DUT-MN-006)
Legislature of Mississippi (House Bill 612, 2022 Regular Session, as introduced; died in committee Feb. 1, 2022), Miss. Code Ann. § 41-23-5 and § 41-3-15 (legislative reprint of 2022) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MS-007)
Supreme Court of North Carolina, Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-017)
New Mexico Environment Department, Environmental Health Bureau, Notice of Immediate Food Service Permit Suspension, Jalisco Cafe, Permit No. 000228 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. DUT-NM-018)
United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (Richardson, J.), The Local Spot, Inc. v. Lee, No. 3:20-cv-00421, Doc. 59 (M.D. Tenn. July 14, 2020) (order refusing temporary restraining order) (Ex. DUT-TN-018)
Commonwealth of Virginia, Office of the Attorney General (Michelle S. Kallen and Toby J. Heytens), for Governor Northam and State Health Commissioner Oliver, Defendants' Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Tigges v. Northam, No. 3:20-cv-00410-JAG (E.D. Va.), Document 13 (filed July 8, 2020), 35 pages (Ex. DUT-VA-019)
Arkansas Department of Health (closure order) and Governor Asa Hutchinson (statement of July 6, 2020), as reported by KATV (Little Rock), ADH order of July 4, 2020 closing Brewski's Pub & Grub, Little Rock, as an imminent threat to public health (news report) (July 6, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AR-016)
Louisiana Legislature (codified in the Louisiana Revised Statutes), La. R.S. 29:769 (special powers during a state of public health emergency; control of property) (standing) (Ex. DUT-LA-008)
Hon. Lance E. Walker, U.S. District Judge, Order on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, Savage v. Mills, No. 1:20-cv-00165-LEW, ECF No. 26 (D. Me. Aug. 7, 2020), reported at 478 F. Supp. 3d 16 (Ex. DUT-ME-014)
Supreme Court of New Mexico (Vigil, J., for a unanimous Court), Grisham v. Reeb, 2021-NMSC-006, 480 P.3d 852, No. S-1-SC-38336 (N.M. Nov. 5, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NM-012)
Supreme Court of New Mexico, Lujan Grisham v. Romero, 2021-NMSC-009, 483 P.3d 545, No. S-1-SC-38396 (N.M. Feb. 15, 2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NM-013)
Oregon Court of Appeals (Kamins, J., with Tookey, P.J., and Egan, J.); review denied by the Oregon Supreme Court, Along Came Trudy LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 330 Or App 295, 543 P3d 751 (Jan. 24, 2024), rev den, 372 Or 588 (July 18, 2024) (A178679; OLCC21V003): judicial review affirming cancellation of a Lane County restaurant and event venue's liquor license for three violations of EO 20-66 (indoor dining while prohibited) (Ex. DUT-OR-016)
Texas Legislature (Government Code ch. 418), Tex. Gov't Code §§ 418.018(c) and 418.108(g) (standing) (Ex. DUT-TX-011)
Office of the Governor (document hosted by the Virginia Department of Labor and Industry), Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Executive Order Fifty-Three (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. DUT-VA-017)
Office of Governor Jim Justice ('West Virginia Strong -- The Comeback'), Guidance for Fitness Centers, Gymnasiums, and Recreation Centers (issued May 14, 2020, updated 5 p.m.) (Ex. DUT-WV-019)
United States District Court for the District of Arizona (Hon. Diane J. Humetewa), Order (Doc. 46) on motion for temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction and on motion to dismiss (July 14, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AZ-018)
Legislature of the State of Hawaii (codified as Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 127A, Emergency Management, Act 111, Session Laws of Hawaii 2014), Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 127A (Emergency Management), in particular §§ 127A-9, 127A-12(b)(14), 127A-13(a)(1), 127A-25 and 127A-29 (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-001)
United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Blake, J.), Memorandum opinion, Antietam Battlefield KOA v. Hogan, No. 1:20-cv-01130-CCB, ECF No. 71 (D. Md. Nov. 18, 2020) (granting the motion to dismiss the amended complaint) (Ex. DUT-MD-018)
Rhode Island General Assembly (power vested in the Governor and the Director of Health), R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-8-18 (standing) (Ex. DUT-RI-007)
Governor Mike Dunleavy; Commissioner Adam Crum, DHSS; Dr. Anne Zink, Chief Medical Officer, Alaska Essential Services and Critical Workforce Infrastructure Order (formerly Health Mandate 010 Attachment A), issued Mar. 27, 2020, amended Apr. 10 and May 5, 2020, secs. II.c-d, III, IV and V (cross-reference to Ex. AK-021; not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-AK-016)
Governor Mike Dunleavy; Commissioner Adam Crum, DHSS; Dr. Anne Zink, Chief Medical Officer, COVID-19 Outbreak Health Order No. 5, Critical Infrastructure (Nov. 15, 2020; effective Nov. 16, 2020) (cross-reference to Ex. AK-037; not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-AK-020)
Supreme Court of Delaware (Seitz, C.J.; Valihura, Traynor, LeGrow and Griffiths, JJ., en banc), Opinion, In re COVID-Related Restrictions on Religious Services, No. 354, 2023 (Del. Aug. 1, 2024) (affirming the Court of Chancery, C.A. No. 2021-1036, and the Superior Court, C.A. No. N23C-01-123) (standing) (Ex. DUT-DE-012)
United States District Judge Raag Singhal, Court decision: Henry v. DeSantis, No. 9:20-cv-80729-AHS, Doc. 9 (S.D. Fla. May 11, 2020), reported at 461 F. Supp. 3d 1244 (Ex. DUT-FL-014)
Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Department for Public Health, Division of Epidemiology (Secretary Eric C. Friedlander; Governor Andy Beshear), 902 KAR 2:210E (new emergency administrative regulation) (Aug. 7, 2020) (Ex. DUT-KY-018)
Commonwealth of Kentucky, Office of the Governor (Team Kentucky 'Healthy at Work: How We Reopen Our Economy' site, govstatus.egov.com), Healthy at Work Frequently Asked Questions (web page, as captured June 11, 2020) (Ex. DUT-KY-019)
Governor Charles D. Baker, COVID-19 Order No. 13 (Mar. 23, 2020) (library exhibit MA-008; cross-reference, not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-MA-021)
Governor Charles D. Baker (with DLS and DPH rules under s. 2), COVID-19 Order No. 33 (May 18, 2020) (library exhibit MA-017; cross-reference, not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-MA-022)
Governor Charles D. Baker, COVID-19 Order No. 37 (June 6, 2020) (library exhibit MA-019; cross-reference, not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-MA-023)
Governor Charles D. Baker, COVID-19 Order No. 48 (Aug. 18, 2020) (library exhibit MA-028; cross-reference, not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-MA-026)
Maryland General Assembly (Public Safety Article, Title 14, Subtitle 1), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-006)
Maryland General Assembly (Public Safety Article, Title 14, Subtitle 3A), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-008)
State of Montana, State Emergency Operations Center, Joint Information Center (JIC) (Office of the Governor; hosted at covid19.mt.gov), State of Montana Coronavirus Frequently Asked Questions, updated April 14, 2020, 10:30 a.m. (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. DUT-MT-020)
Governor Steve Bullock, Stay at Home Directive (Directive Implementing Executive Orders 2-2020 and 3-2020 providing measures to stay at home and designating certain essential functions) (cross-reference to Ex. MT-009) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. DUT-MT-021)
New Jersey Legislature (211th Legislature); approved by Acting Governor Richard J. Codey, P.L. 2005, c. 222 (Emergency Health Powers Act), as enacted; N.J.S.A. 26:13-1 to -31, including 26:13-3 (declaration; countermeasures), 26:13-8 (closure, evacuation, decontamination of facilities), 26:13-12 (measures to prevent transmission), 26:13-15 (isolation and quarantine; duty to obey), and section 31 amending R.S. 26:4-2 (standing) (Ex. DUT-NJ-001)
Oregon Court of Appeals, JGB Enterprises, LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 325 Or App 326, 529 P3d 262 (Apr. 19, 2023) (A176066): judicial review affirming a default order suspending a Lane County saloon's liquor license for 38 days for violating EO 20-66 and OHA guidance 'that qualified as public health laws' during Extreme Risk (Jan. 4-Feb. 20, 2021) (Ex. DUT-OR-017)
Judge Robert Mello, Rutland Superior Court, Civil Division (decision of September 2020); reported by VTDigger (Alan J. Keays), September 30, 2020, State v. Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. / Manovill v. State of Vermont, Scott and Donovan (Rutland Super. Ct., Civ. Div.): decision granting the State's motion to dismiss the gym owner's constitutional and takings claims (19 pages, week of September 28, 2020) (Sept. 30, 2020) (Ex. DUT-VT-019)
Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, at the direction of Governor Evers, Emergency Order #34, Interim Order to Turn the Dial (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. DUT-WI-013)
Governor Jim Justice, Executive Order 9-20 (Stay at Home Order), §§ 2, 3 and 7 (cross-reference to Ex. WV-009; not re-saved) (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. DUT-WV-021)
Governor Jim Justice, Executive Order 32-20 (Safer at Home Order), § 2 and para. y (cross-reference to Ex. WV-026; not re-saved) (Apr. 30, 2020) (Ex. DUT-WV-023)
Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 368a, Department of Public Health), Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 19a-131 to 19a-131i (public health emergency response authority: declaration, quarantine and isolation orders, enforcement, penalty), with §§ 19a-2a (Commissioner's powers) and 19a-36(a)(4) (Public Health Code penalty) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-001)
Georgia Department of Economic Development (GDEcD), the agency Executive Order 04.02.20.01 authorized to issue guidance on Critical Infrastructure status, GDEcD COVID-19 business guidance page (georgia.org/covid19), as archived April 13, 2020 (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. DUT-GA-016)
Legislature of the State of Hawaii (codified as HRS chapter 325, Infectious and Communicable Diseases), Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 325 (Infectious and Communicable Diseases), in particular §§ 325-6, 325-8, 325-9, 325-13 and 325-14 (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-002)
Hon. Lance E. Walker, U.S. District Judge, Order on Plaintiffs' Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Bayley's Campground, Inc. v. Mills, No. 2:20-cv-00176-LEW, ECF No. 20 (D. Me. May 29, 2020), reported at 463 F. Supp. 3d 22 (Ex. DUT-ME-011)
Legislature of Mississippi (Mississippi Code of 1972, Title 41, ch. 3); State Board of Health and State Department of Health as the duty-holders, Miss. Code Ann. § 41-3-15(4)(a)-(c), (4)(f), (12) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MS-001)
Legislature of Mississippi (Mississippi Code of 1972, Title 41, ch. 3), Miss. Code Ann. § 41-3-15 (text in force from July 1, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MS-003)
General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. sec. 166A-19.31 (Power of municipalities and counties to enact ordinances to deal with states of emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-012)
Oregon State Police (published by Oregon OSHA, Department of Consumer and Business Services, as the attachment to its COVID-19 Q&A), Oregon State Police, Emergency Declaration Enforcement FAQ (Mar. 24, 2020): law-enforcement guidance on enforcement of Executive Order 20-12, 'Stay Home, Save Lives' (Ex. DUT-OR-010)
Oregon OSHA, Department of Consumer and Business Services, Oregon OSHA, List of Oregon OSHA Citations Identified as Related to COVID-19 (June 2, 2021): the agency's account of its COVID-19 enforcement (complaints, inspections, citations and penalties) with the willful and serious citations listed by county and employer (Ex. DUT-OR-014)
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (letter to the law-enforcement community and District Attorneys, published by the Pennsylvania State Police), Enforcement guidance (letter) (standing) (Ex. DUT-PA-010)
Texas Legislature (Health and Safety Code ch. 81, Subchapter E), Tex. Health & Safety Code § 81.085 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TX-005)
Alaska State Legislature (codified statute administered by the Department of Health and Social Services), AS 18.15.355 - 18.15.395 (standing) (Ex. DUT-AK-001)
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Environmental Health, Food Safety and Sanitation Program, Web guidance, 'Preventing the Spread of COVID-19: Guidance for Food Establishments' (Food Worker and Establishment Guidance on COVID-19) (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AK-013)
Arizona Legislature (Arizona Revised Statutes, title 26, ch. 2, art. 1), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-AZ-007)
Superior Court of Arizona, Maricopa County (Hon. Timothy J. Thomason), Minute entry ruling (Docket Code 926) on plaintiffs' request for injunctive relief (Aug. 4, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AZ-017)
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (published opinion; Hurwitz, J., concurring), Published opinion (Dec. 8, 2023) (Ex. DUT-AZ-019)
Hon. Daniel D. Domenico, U.S. District Judge, Order Denying Plaintiff's Request for Preliminary Injunction, Lawrence v. Colorado, No. 1:20-cv-00862-DDD-SKC, ECF No. 19 (Apr. 19, 2020) (Ex. DUT-CO-012)
Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 368e, Municipal Health Authorities), Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 19a-206 (nuisances; orders; injunctions; closure; civil penalties), 19a-207 (local enforcement of the Public Health Code; DPH enforcement in emergencies), 19a-221 (local quarantine and isolation orders; duty to carry out the Commissioner's emergency orders), 19a-230 (penalty) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-002)
United States District Court, D. Conn. (Shea, J.), Amato v. Elicker, No. 3:20-cv-464 (MPS), ECF No. 32, Ruling on Plaintiffs' Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (D. Conn. May 19, 2020), reported at 460 F. Supp. 3d 202 (Ex. DUT-CT-007)
General Assembly of Georgia (Title 31, Chapter 2A, Department of Public Health; enacted 2011 on the creation of the Department, carrying forward Code 1933, section 88-108), O.C.G.A. section 31-2A-4 (standing) (Ex. DUT-GA-003)
Georgia Department of Public Health (rules filed with the Secretary of State; Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 511-9-1), Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 511-9-1-.01 to 511-9-1-.05 (standing) (Ex. DUT-GA-005)
General Assembly of Georgia (Ga. L. 1958, p. 371, sections 2, 4 and 7; Code 1933, sections 88-1002, 88-1004, 88-1006, enacted by Ga. L. 1964, p. 499, section 1; as amended), O.C.G.A. sections 26-2-371, 26-2-373 and 26-2-375 (standing) (Ex. DUT-GA-014)
Association County Commissioners of Georgia (ACCG), the statewide association of Georgia's 159 county governments, ACCG, State Laws Impacting Georgia Counties during the 2020 Public Health Emergency (Mar. 16, 2020; updated Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-GA-018)
Iowa General Assembly, Iowa Code § 135.144 (2021), Additional duties of the department related to a public health disaster (standing) (Ex. DUT-IA-002)
Office of the Attorney General of Iowa (Thomas J. Miller), Frequently Asked Health-Related Legal Questions (COVID-19), Last Updated June 3, 2020 (Ex. DUT-IA-009)
Iowa Department of Public Safety and Iowa Department of Public Health, DPS and DPH Explain Legal Authorities Under Disaster Emergency Proclamation (news release) (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-IA-013)
Illinois Appellate Court, Second District (Justice Zenoff, with Justices Hutchinson and Brennan), Fox Fire Tavern, LLC v. Pritzker, 2020 IL App (2d) 200623 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. DUT-IL-010)
Indiana General Assembly (Indiana Code 2021 edition), Ind. Code Title 16, Article 20, chapter 1: sections 16-20-1-21.5 (SEA 5 of 2021), 16-20-1-22, 16-20-1-24 (epidemic control), 16-20-1-25 (unlawful conditions; abatement; enforcement), 16-20-1-26 (enforcement in circuit or superior court), 16-20-1-28 (standing) (Ex. DUT-IN-003)
Indiana General Assembly (Indiana Code 2021 edition), Ind. Code Title 16, Article 19, chapter 3: sections 16-19-3-4 (rules to protect the public health, including 'nuisances dangerous to public health' and 'the detection, reporting, prevention, and control of diseases'), 16-19-3-9 (quarantine), 16-19-3-10 (epidemics), 16-19-3-11 (abatement of conditions causative of disease), 16-19-3-12 (State enforcement within local jurisdictions in a public health emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IN-004)
Kansas Legislature (K.S.A., Revisor of Statutes), K.S.A. 65-201, County boards of health; local health officers; review, amendment or revocation of local health officer orders; approval by board of county commissioners; civil action (text from March 25, 2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-KS-009)
General Court (codified statute; powers exercised by municipal boards of health), G.L. c. 111, s. 31 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MA-004)
Maryland General Assembly (Health-General Article, Title 18, Subtitle 2), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-002)
Maine Legislature (22 M.R.S. chapter 562, Eating Establishments, Lodging Places, Campgrounds, Recreational and Sporting Camps, Youth Camps, Public Pools and Public Spas; administered by the DHHS Health Inspection Program), 22 M.R.S. sec. 2492 (license required), sec. 2496 (Department rulemaking; Maine Food Code), sec. 2497 (right of entry and inspection without warrant), sec. 2498 (fines; correction directives; penalties for operating unlicensed; Attorney General injunction), sec. 2500 (suspension or revocation; emergency suspension where conditions 'may endanger the life, health or safety of persons') (standing) (Ex. DUT-ME-008)
Hon. Nancy Torresen, U.S. District Judge, Order on Plaintiff's Motion for a Temporary Restraining Order, Calvary Chapel of Bangor v. Mills, No. 1:20-cv-00156-NT, ECF No. 27 (D. Me. May 9, 2020), reported at 459 F. Supp. 3d 273 (Ex. DUT-ME-013)
Minnesota District Court, First Judicial District, Dakota County (Hon. Jerome B. Abrams), State of Minnesota v. Alibi Drinkery, LLC, No. 19HA-CV-20-4167, Temporary Injunction with incorporated memorandum (filed Dec. 31, 2020) (Ex. DUT-MN-017)
Legislature of Mississippi (Mississippi Code of 1972, Title 45, ch. 17, Local Civil Emergencies); the chief administrative officer of every municipality as the officer empowered, Miss. Code Ann. § 45-17-7 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MS-015)
Attorney General Austin Knudsen, Montana Department of Justice (press release with the full text of the supervisory letter to Gallatin County Attorney Marty Lambert), Press release and letter, 'AG Knudsen Orders Dismissal of COVID Curfew Case Against Rocking R Bar in Gallatin County' (Gallatin City-County Board of Health and Health Officer Matt Kelley v. Rocking R Bar, Gallatin County Cause No. DV-20-1278B) (Jan. 14, 2021) (Ex. DUT-MT-018)
Legislative Assembly of North Dakota (codified statute administered by the local boards of health and public health units), N.D.C.C. 23-35-08, 23-35-09, 23-35-12, 23-35-13 (standing) (Ex. DUT-ND-004)
New Hampshire General Court, RSA 141-C:16-a (standing) (Ex. DUT-NH-004)
New Mexico Environment Department (Cabinet Secretary James C. Kenney), NMED News Release, 'Environment Department suspends food service permits for two restaurants operating in violation of state law' (May 22, 2020) (Ex. DUT-NM-015)
New York State Legislature (Executive Law, article 2-B); powers exercised by the chief executive of every county, city, town and village, N.Y. Executive Law § 24 (local state of emergency; local emergency orders by chief executive) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NY-011)
Oklahoma Legislature (Senate Bill 1947, 2d Sess., 57th Leg.), 76 O.S. 112 (SB 1947, 2020), COVID-19 Product Protection Act (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-014)
Oklahoma State Department of Health (State Board of Health rules; Consumer Health Service), OAC 310:257 (Food Establishments), text effective Sept. 11, 2016 (OSDH 'unofficial version' edited Nov. 14, 2016) (Ex. DUT-OK-016)
Oregon Legislative Assembly (codified text published by the Office of the Legislative Counsel, 2025 Edition), Statute: ORS chapter 624 (Food Service Facilities), the sanitary code for restaurants: OHA's duty to make sanitation rules (624.041); license suspension, closure for imminent danger (624.073); diseased persons may not work and may not be employed, and the manager's duty to notify OHA (624.080); summary closure (624.096); criminal and civil penalties (624.990, 624.992) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OR-007)
State of Rhode Island, Reopening RI (with the Rhode Island Department of Health and the Department of Business Regulation), Phase II: General Business/Organization Guidelines (May 28, 2020) (Ex. DUT-RI-020)
General Assembly of South Carolina, S.C. Code Ann. Title 44, Chapter 1 (Department of Health and Environmental Control), §§ 44-1-80, 44-1-100, 44-1-110, 44-1-140, 44-1-150 (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-001)
General Assembly of South Carolina, S.C. Code Ann. Title 44, Chapter 4, Emergency Health Powers Act, §§ 44-4-100 to 44-4-570 (in particular §§ 44-4-130, 44-4-300, 44-4-310, 44-4-500, 44-4-510, 44-4-520, 44-4-530, 44-4-540) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-002)
South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC), by regulation, S.C. Code Regs. 61-25, Retail Food Establishments (within the Legislative Council's compilation 'Chapter 61-18 through 61-58.17') (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-016)
Texas Legislature (Health and Safety Code ch. 81, Subchapter E, Control), Tex. Health & Safety Code §§ 81.081 and 81.082 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TX-002)
General Assembly of Virginia (Code of Virginia, Title 32.1, Chapter 2, Disease Prevention and Control), Va. Code Title 32.1, Chapter 2 (sections 32.1-35 to 32.1-73.x), including Article 3 Disease Control (sections 32.1-42 Emergency rules and regulations; 32.1-43 Authority of State Health Commissioner to require quarantine, etc.; 32.1-48 Powers of Commissioner in epidemic) and Article 3.01 Isolation and Quarantine of Persons with Communicable Diseases of Public Health Threat (sections 32.1-48.05 to 32.1-48.017) (standing) (Ex. DUT-VA-002)
Agency of Commerce and Community Development (Secretary Lindsay Kurrle), under Executive Order 01-20 Addenda 10-12 and Amended and Restated Executive Order 01-20 secs. 9(b) and 11, ACCD Work Safe Guidance: 'Update 20 - New Work Safe Additions to the Be Smart, Stay Safe Order' (memorandum to Vermont Businesses and Employers, July 31, 2020), as captured by the Internet Archive on August 5, 2020 (Ex. DUT-VT-006)
State of Vermont, Attorney General T.J. Donovan (plaintiff); Rutland Superior Court (temporary restraining order); reported by VTDigger (Alan J. Keays), May 15, 2020, State of Vermont v. Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. and Sean Manovill (Rutland Superior Court, Civil Division, filed May 15, 2020): complaint for preliminary injunction and civil penalties; temporary restraining order granted May 15, 2020 (Ex. DUT-VT-018)
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Gould, Clifton, Bress, JJ.; opinion by Judge Clifton), Slidewaters LLC v. Washington State Department of Labor & Industries, No. 20-35634 (standing) (Ex. DUT-WA-020)
West Virginia Legislature (codified statute), W. Va. Code § 61-5-17 (standing) (Ex. DUT-WV-010)
West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Bureau for Public Health (legislative rule), 64 C.S.R. 17, Food Establishments (legislative rule, version effective July 1, 2019) (Apr. 4, 2019) (Ex. DUT-WV-016)
Legislative Assembly of North Dakota (codified statute administered by the State Department of Health, since 2022 the Department of Health and Human Services), N.D.C.C. 23-01-03, 23-01-04, 23-01-05 (standing) (Ex. DUT-ND-001)
