General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1973, No. 511, sec. 8; Arkansas Emergency Services Act of 1973), Ark. Code Ann. 12-75-114, Governor -- Disaster emergency responsibilities (standing) (Ex. DUT-AR-005)
Maine Legislature (37-B M.R.S. chapter 13, Maine Emergency Management Agency; Governor's emergency powers), 37-B M.R.S. secs. 703 (definitions), 741(3)(H) (delegation), 742 (emergency proclamation; Governor's powers; sec. 742(1)(C)(2), (5), (8), (12), (13) and (1)(E)), 743 (termination), 786 (enforcement; Class E crime; arrest), 822 (compliance-conditioned immunity), 827 (aid in emergency; Class E crime), 829 (duty of agencies to execute and enforce orders), 834 (inconsistent laws suspended) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ME-004)
Louisiana Legislature (codified in the Louisiana Revised Statutes), La. R.S. 29:766 (declaration of a state of public health emergency; emergency powers of the governor) (standing) (Ex. DUT-LA-007)
Maryland General Assembly (Public Safety Article, Title 14, Subtitle 1, Emergency Management), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-005)
Maryland General Assembly (Public Safety Article, Title 14, Subtitle 3A, Catastrophic Health Emergencies), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-007)
Oregon Legislative Assembly (codified text published by the Office of the Legislative Counsel, oregonlegislature.gov, 2025 Edition), Statute: ORS chapter 433 (Disease and Condition Control), Oregon's communicable-disease control act: reportable diseases, investigation and control measures (433.004, 433.006); prohibition on spreading disease (433.010); isolation and quarantine of persons and isolation of premises, with law-enforcement assistance (433.121-433.156); public health emergency powers of the Governor and the Public Health Director (433.441-433.452); penalties (433.990) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OR-001)
Rhode Island General Assembly (powers vested in the Governor; duties imposed on State health authorities and local code enforcement officials), R.I. Gen. Laws § 30-15-9 (standing) (Ex. DUT-RI-008)
Tennessee General Assembly (codified statute); exercised by the Governor, Tenn. Code Ann. sec. 58-2-107 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TN-006)
Iowa General Assembly, Iowa Code ch. 29C (2021), including § 29C.6 (Proclamation of disaster emergency by governor) and § 29C.18 (Enforcement duties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IA-005)
Michigan Legislature (Emergency Management Act, 1976 PA 390), MCL 30.405, Powers of governor upon declaration of state of disaster or emergency; willful disobedience a misdemeanor (standing) (Ex. DUT-MI-010)
South Dakota Legislature (codified statute administered by the Governor and the Department of Public Safety), SDCL ch. 34-48A, Emergency Management (§§ 34-48A-1, 34-48A-2, 34-48A-5, 34-48A-9, 34-48A-49) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SD-006)
West Virginia Legislature (codified statute), W. Va. Code ch. 15, art. 5 (whole article), §§ 15-5-2, 15-5-6, 15-5-17 and 15-5-18 relied on (standing) (Ex. DUT-WV-008)
General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1895, No. 152; Acts 1913, No. 96, sec. 5), Ark. Code Ann. 20-7-110, Study and prevention of diseases (standing) (Ex. DUT-AR-001)
General Court (codified statute administered by the Commissioner of Public Health), G.L. c. 17, s. 2A (standing) (Ex. DUT-MA-001)
Maine Legislature (22 M.R.S. chapter 250, Control of Notifiable Diseases and Conditions; administered by the Department of Health and Human Services through the Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention), 22 M.R.S. secs. 801-825: sec. 801(4-A) (extreme public health emergency) and 801(10) (public health threat); sec. 802 (authority of department; health emergency; emergency rules; Governor's declaration); sec. 803 (inspection); sec. 804 (enforcement by agents, local health officers, sheriffs and law enforcement; cease-and-desist; fines; injunction); sec. 805 (court orders); sec. 807 (control of communicable diseases; designated facilities); sec. 808 (investigations); sec. 810 (emergency temporary custody of person or property); secs. 811-812 (court-ordered public health measures); sec. 816 (compliance-conditioned immunity); sec. 820 (extreme public health emergency powers); secs. 821-822 (reporting); sec. 825 (penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ME-001)
Montana Legislature (Montana Code Annotated, Title 10, ch. 3), Mont. Code Ann. 10-3-104 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MT-008)
Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 81-829.40 (cross-reference to Ex. NE-100; not re-saved) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NE-008)
Utah Legislature (Utah Code Title 53, Chapter 2a, Part 2; version effective June 25, 2020), Utah Code section 53-2a-204 (standing) (Ex. DUT-UT-009)
Legislature of Alabama (Code of Alabama 1975, Title 22, chapter 12), Ala. Code ch. 22-12 (Quarantine) (standing) (Ex. DUT-AL-004)
Idaho Legislature (Idaho Code tit. 46, ch. 10, State Disaster Preparedness Act), Idaho Code section 46-1008 (text as in force March 2020 through May 9, 2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ID-008)
Minnesota Legislature (Minnesota Emergency Management Act of 1996, Minn. Stat. ch. 12, as amended), Minn. Stat. ch. 12 (2020), Emergency Management (standing) (Ex. DUT-MN-006)
Legislature of Mississippi (House Bill 612, 2022 Regular Session, as introduced; died in committee Feb. 1, 2022), Miss. Code Ann. § 41-23-5 and § 41-3-15 (legislative reprint of 2022) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MS-007)
Arizona Legislature (Arizona Revised Statutes, title 36, ch. 6, art. 9), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-AZ-001)
California Legislature; approved by Governor Gavin Newsom Sept. 17, 2020, Senate Bill 1159 (Hill), Stats. 2020, ch. 85, adding Labor Code sections 77.8, 3212.86, 3212.87 and 3212.88 (Sept. 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-CA-016)
Commissioner of Public Health, with the authorization of the Public Health Council (June 9, 2021) and the approval of the Governor, COVID-19 Public Health Emergency Order No. 2021-1 (June 14, 2021) (library exhibit MA-054; cross-reference, not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-MA-030)
Texas Legislature (Government Code ch. 418), Tex. Gov't Code §§ 418.018(c) and 418.108(g) (standing) (Ex. DUT-TX-011)
Legislature of the State of Hawaii (codified as Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 127A, Emergency Management, Act 111, Session Laws of Hawaii 2014), Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 127A (Emergency Management), in particular §§ 127A-9, 127A-12(b)(14), 127A-13(a)(1), 127A-25 and 127A-29 (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-001)
Idaho Legislature, Sixty-sixth Legislature, First Regular Session; signed by Governor Brad Little Apr. 20, 2021, Senate Bill 1139 (2021 Idaho Sess. Laws ch. 257), amending Idaho Code sections 56-1001 and 56-1003 (standing) (Ex. DUT-ID-002)
Rhode Island General Assembly (power vested in the Governor and the Director of Health), R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-8-18 (standing) (Ex. DUT-RI-007)
Governor Mike Dunleavy; Commissioner Adam Crum, DHSS; Dr. Anne Zink, Chief Medical Officer, Alaska Essential Services and Critical Workforce Infrastructure Order (formerly Health Mandate 010 Attachment A), issued Mar. 27, 2020, amended Apr. 10 and May 5, 2020, secs. II.c-d, III, IV and V (cross-reference to Ex. AK-021; not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-AK-016)
Governor Mike Dunleavy; Commissioner Adam Crum, DHSS; Dr. Anne Zink, Chief Medical Officer, COVID-19 Outbreak Health Order No. 5, Critical Infrastructure (Nov. 15, 2020; effective Nov. 16, 2020) (cross-reference to Ex. AK-037; not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-AK-020)
Colorado General Assembly (Seventy-second General Assembly, Second Regular Session); signed by Governor Jared Polis, Senate Bill 20-205, Healthy Families and Workplaces Act ('HFWA'), C.R.S. § 8-13.3-401 et seq. (standing) (Ex. DUT-CO-008)
Georgia Department of Public Health (Kathleen E. Toomey, M.D., M.P.H., Commissioner and State Health Officer), DPH Administrative Order, Long-Term Care Facilities Reopening Guidance (Sept. 15, 2020) (Ex. DUT-GA-015)
Governor Charles D. Baker, COVID-19 Order No. 48 (Aug. 18, 2020) (library exhibit MA-028; cross-reference, not re-saved) (Ex. DUT-MA-026)
General Court; approved by the Governor (emergency law), Chapter 16 of the Acts of 2021, s. 10 (May 28, 2021) (library exhibit AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-009; cross-reference, not re-saved); Chapter 55 of the Acts of 2021 (extension; Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-042) (Ex. DUT-MA-031)
State of Montana, State Emergency Operations Center, Joint Information Center (JIC) (Office of the Governor; hosted at covid19.mt.gov), State of Montana Coronavirus Frequently Asked Questions, updated April 14, 2020, 10:30 a.m. (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. DUT-MT-020)
Governor Steve Bullock, Stay at Home Directive (Directive Implementing Executive Orders 2-2020 and 3-2020 providing measures to stay at home and designating certain essential functions) (cross-reference to Ex. MT-009) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. DUT-MT-021)
New Jersey Legislature (211th Legislature); approved by Acting Governor Richard J. Codey, P.L. 2005, c. 222 (Emergency Health Powers Act), as enacted; N.J.S.A. 26:13-1 to -31, including 26:13-3 (declaration; countermeasures), 26:13-8 (closure, evacuation, decontamination of facilities), 26:13-12 (measures to prevent transmission), 26:13-15 (isolation and quarantine; duty to obey), and section 31 amending R.S. 26:4-2 (standing) (Ex. DUT-NJ-001)
General Assembly of Ohio (Sub. S.B. 22, 134th G.A., passed notwithstanding the Governor's veto March 24, 2021), Statute (version effective June 23, 2021, Sub. S.B. 22, 134th G.A.) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OH-002)
Kim Malsam-Rysdon, Secretary of the South Dakota Department of Health, with the consent and authorization of Governor Kristi Noem, Order Declaring Public Health Emergency 2020-01 (Apr. 10, 2020) (Ex. DUT-SD-004)
State Board of Health (Virginia Department of Health), 12VAC5-90, Regulations for Disease Reporting and Control (full chapter), including 12VAC5-90-80 (Lists of diseases that shall be reported), 12VAC5-90-90 (Those required to report), 12VAC5-90-100 (Methods), 12VAC5-90-103 (Isolation for communicable disease of public health threat) and 12VAC5-90-107 (Quarantine) (standing) (Ex. DUT-VA-003)
Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 368a, Department of Public Health), Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 19a-131 to 19a-131i (public health emergency response authority: declaration, quarantine and isolation orders, enforcement, penalty), with §§ 19a-2a (Commissioner's powers) and 19a-36(a)(4) (Public Health Code penalty) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-001)
Legislature of the State of Hawaii (codified as HRS chapter 325, Infectious and Communicable Diseases), Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 325 (Infectious and Communicable Diseases), in particular §§ 325-6, 325-8, 325-9, 325-13 and 325-14 (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-002)
Attorney General Derek Schmidt (Office of the Kansas Attorney General), Memorandum to Kansas Prosecutors and Law Enforcement, 'State and local law enforcement duties and authorities under emergency powers invoked in connection with COVID-19 response' (March 24, 2020) (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. DUT-KS-017)
Maryland General Assembly (Health-General Article, Title 18, Subtitle 9, Catastrophic Health Emergencies), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-003)
Hon. Lance E. Walker, U.S. District Judge, Order on Plaintiffs' Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Bayley's Campground, Inc. v. Mills, No. 2:20-cv-00176-LEW, ECF No. 20 (D. Me. May 29, 2020), reported at 463 F. Supp. 3d 22 (Ex. DUT-ME-011)
Legislature of Mississippi (Mississippi Code of 1972, Title 41, ch. 3); State Board of Health and State Department of Health as the duty-holders, Miss. Code Ann. § 41-3-15(4)(a)-(c), (4)(f), (12) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MS-001)
Legislature of Mississippi (Mississippi Code of 1972, Title 41, ch. 3), Miss. Code Ann. § 41-3-15 (text in force from July 1, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MS-003)
Mississippi State Department of Health (State Health Officer), MSDH web page, 'What to Do If You Are Diagnosed with or Exposed to COVID-19 (Isolation and Quarantine)' (msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/14,22245,420,878.html), as captured Aug. 25, 2021 (Ex. DUT-MS-019)
Texas Legislature (Health and Safety Code ch. 81, Subchapter E), Tex. Health & Safety Code § 81.085 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TX-005)
Alaska State Legislature (codified statute administered by the Department of Health and Social Services), AS 18.15.355 - 18.15.395 (standing) (Ex. DUT-AK-001)
Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 368e, Municipal Health Authorities), Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 19a-206 (nuisances; orders; injunctions; closure; civil penalties), 19a-207 (local enforcement of the Public Health Code; DPH enforcement in emergencies), 19a-221 (local quarantine and isolation orders; duty to carry out the Commissioner's emergency orders), 19a-230 (penalty) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-002)
Delaware General Assembly (codified statute; enacted by 73 Del. Laws, c. 355 (2002)), 20 Del. C. §§ 3131-3147 (Public Health Emergencies: definitions; isolation and quarantine; vaccination and treatment; rules and regulations; liability) (standing) (Ex. DUT-DE-003)
General Assembly of Georgia (Title 31, Chapter 2A, Department of Public Health; enacted 2011 on the creation of the Department, carrying forward Code 1933, section 88-108), O.C.G.A. section 31-2A-4 (standing) (Ex. DUT-GA-003)
Georgia Department of Public Health (rules filed with the Secretary of State; Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. Chapter 511-9-1), Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 511-9-1-.01 to 511-9-1-.05 (standing) (Ex. DUT-GA-005)
Association County Commissioners of Georgia (ACCG), the statewide association of Georgia's 159 county governments, ACCG, State Laws Impacting Georgia Counties during the 2020 Public Health Emergency (Mar. 16, 2020; updated Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-GA-018)
Iowa General Assembly, Iowa Code § 135.144 (2021), Additional duties of the department related to a public health disaster (standing) (Ex. DUT-IA-002)
Office of the Attorney General of Iowa (Thomas J. Miller), Frequently Asked Health-Related Legal Questions (COVID-19), Last Updated June 3, 2020 (Ex. DUT-IA-009)
Indiana General Assembly (Indiana Code 2021 edition), Ind. Code Title 16, Article 19, chapter 3: sections 16-19-3-4 (rules to protect the public health, including 'nuisances dangerous to public health' and 'the detection, reporting, prevention, and control of diseases'), 16-19-3-9 (quarantine), 16-19-3-10 (epidemics), 16-19-3-11 (abatement of conditions causative of disease), 16-19-3-12 (State enforcement within local jurisdictions in a public health emergency) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IN-004)
Legislative Assembly of North Dakota (codified statute administered by the local boards of health and public health units), N.D.C.C. 23-35-08, 23-35-09, 23-35-12, 23-35-13 (standing) (Ex. DUT-ND-004)
General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Statute (Act of Apr. 23, 1956 (1955), P.L. 1510, No. 500) (standing) (Ex. DUT-PA-001)
General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Statute (Retail Food Facility Safety Act, 3 Pa.C.S. ch. 57, subch. A) (standing) (Ex. DUT-PA-013)
State of Rhode Island, Reopening RI (with the Rhode Island Department of Health and the Department of Business Regulation), Phase II: General Business/Organization Guidelines (May 28, 2020) (Ex. DUT-RI-020)
General Assembly of South Carolina, S.C. Code Ann. Title 44, Chapter 1 (Department of Health and Environmental Control), §§ 44-1-80, 44-1-100, 44-1-110, 44-1-140, 44-1-150 (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-001)
General Assembly of South Carolina, S.C. Code Ann. Title 44, Chapter 4, Emergency Health Powers Act, §§ 44-4-100 to 44-4-570 (in particular §§ 44-4-130, 44-4-300, 44-4-310, 44-4-500, 44-4-510, 44-4-520, 44-4-530, 44-4-540) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-002)
Texas Legislature (Health and Safety Code ch. 81, Subchapter E, Control), Tex. Health & Safety Code §§ 81.081 and 81.082 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TX-002)
General Assembly of Virginia (Code of Virginia, Title 32.1, Chapter 2, Disease Prevention and Control), Va. Code Title 32.1, Chapter 2 (sections 32.1-35 to 32.1-73.x), including Article 3 Disease Control (sections 32.1-42 Emergency rules and regulations; 32.1-43 Authority of State Health Commissioner to require quarantine, etc.; 32.1-48 Powers of Commissioner in epidemic) and Article 3.01 Isolation and Quarantine of Persons with Communicable Diseases of Public Health Threat (sections 32.1-48.05 to 32.1-48.017) (standing) (Ex. DUT-VA-002)
Virginia Department of Labor and Industry, Virginia Occupational Safety and Health (VOSH) program, DOLI, 'Coronavirus (COVID-19) ETS FAQs' page: Frequently Asked Questions on 16VAC25-220, with the Department's notices of the standard's effective dates and of the 24-hour outbreak-reporting duties under 16VAC25-220-40.B.7.d and.e (page as captured February 1, 2021) (July 27, 2020) (Ex. DUT-VA-008)
Agency of Commerce and Community Development (Secretary Lindsay Kurrle), under Executive Order 01-20 Addenda 10-12 and Amended and Restated Executive Order 01-20 secs. 9(b) and 11, ACCD Work Safe Guidance: 'Update 20 - New Work Safe Additions to the Be Smart, Stay Safe Order' (memorandum to Vermont Businesses and Employers, July 31, 2020), as captured by the Internet Archive on August 5, 2020 (Ex. DUT-VT-006)
West Virginia Legislature (codified statute), W. Va. Code § 61-5-17 (standing) (Ex. DUT-WV-010)
Legislative Assembly of North Dakota (codified statute administered by the State Department of Health, since 2022 the Department of Health and Human Services), N.D.C.C. 23-01-03, 23-01-04, 23-01-05 (standing) (Ex. DUT-ND-001)
