South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation, Office of Occupational Safety and Health (SC OSHA), by regulation under § 41-15-210, S.C. Code Regs. Chapter 71, Article 1 (Occupational Safety and Health): Reg. 71-108 (Incorporation by Reference), Reg. 71-112 (General Duty Clause), Subarticle 6 (South Carolina Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-008)
Maine Legislature (26 M.R.S. chapter 6, Occupational Safety Rules and Regulations Board; Board of Occupational Safety and Health; Bureau of Labor Standards), 26 M.R.S. sec. 561-A (general duties of employer and employee), sec. 563(6)-(7) (employee and employer defined as public bodies), sec. 565 (Board rules 'must at a minimum conform to federal standards of occupational safety and health'), sec. 566 (Bureau inspects and enforces), sec. 568 (appeals), sec. 570 (discrimination) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ME-005)
Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Division of Occupational Safety and Health (TOSHA), Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. ch. 0800-01-01 (Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry), Rule.06 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TN-009)
Division of Industrial Relations, Department of Business and Industry (Nevada OSHA), Nevada Administrative Code chapter 618 (Occupational Safety and Health), including NAC 618.538-618.540 (written safety program) and the Division's standards and adoptions by reference (standing) (Ex. DUT-NV-009)
Legislature of the State of Hawaii (codified as HRS chapter 396, Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Law; State OSHA plan administered by the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Division (HIOSH)), Hawaii Revised Statutes chapter 396 (Occupational Safety and Health), in particular §§ 396-4(a)(2), 396-6 and 396-10 (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-005)
Minnesota Legislature (Minnesota Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973, Minn. Stat. ch. 182; administered by the Department of Labor and Industry, MNOSHA, under an approved State plan, 29 U.S.C. § 667), Minn. Stat. ch. 182 (2020), Occupational Safety and Health (standing) (Ex. DUT-MN-007)
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Division (HIOSH), Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 12, Subtitle 8, Part 2, chapter 60 (General Safety and Health Requirements), § 12-60-2 (Safety and health programs) (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-006)
Legislature of New Mexico (Occupational Health and Safety Act, administered by the Environment Department, Occupational Health and Safety Bureau, under the Environmental Improvement Board), NMSA 1978, Section 50-9-5 (Employer and employee duties), with Section 50-9-24 (Penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NM-007)
Nevada Legislature; administered by the Division of Industrial Relations, Department of Business and Industry (Nevada OSHA), an approved State plan under 29 U.S.C. 667, Nevada Revised Statutes chapter 618 (Occupational Safety and Health), NRS 618.005 to 618.990 (standing) (Ex. DUT-NV-004)
Alaska State Legislature (Alaska Occupational Safety and Health Act; administered by the Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Labor Standards and Safety Division, Alaska Occupational Safety and Health (AKOSH), an OSHA-approved State plan under 29 U.S.C. 667), AS 18.60.010 - 18.60.105 (in particular AS 18.60.075, Safe employment, and AS 18.60.095, Penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-AK-005)
Wyoming Legislature (Wyo. Stat. Title 27, ch. 11, Wyoming Occupational Health and Safety Act); administered by the Department of Workforce Services, Wyoming OSHA (WYOSHA), and the Occupational Health and Safety Commission, Wyo. Stat. Ann. 27-11-102, 27-11-105, 27-11-106 and 27-11-107 (standing) (Ex. DUT-WY-014)
Oregon OSHA, Department of Consumer and Business Services, Oregon OSHA, Questions and Answers Regarding the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division's (Oregon OSHA) Education and Enforcement of Issues Related to COVID-19 (updated Mar. 27, 2020): the agency's statement of the employer's statutory duty and of its authority to enforce the Governor's executive orders at the workplace (standing) (Ex. DUT-OR-015)
California Legislature (codified text published by the Legislative Counsel), Statute: Labor Code, Division 5, Part 1, Chapter 3 (sections 6400-6413.5), Responsibilities and Duties of Employers and Employees (standing) (Ex. DUT-CA-009)
New Mexico Environment Department, Occupational Health and Safety Bureau (State OSHA plan), New Mexico Occupational Safety and Health Bureau COVID-19 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) (as captured April 15, 2020) (Apr. 15, 2020) (Ex. DUT-NM-011)
Indiana Occupational Safety Standards Commission (rule compiled in the Indiana Administrative Code; text as mirrored by the Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School), 620 IAC 1-1-1, Recordkeeping requirements; construction industry; adoption of federal standards (Title 620, Article 1, Rule 1, Section 1) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IN-019)
Oklahoma Legislature (Oklahoma Occupational Health and Safety Standards Act of 1970), 40 O.S. 414 (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-012)
General Assembly of South Carolina, S.C. Code Ann. Title 41, Chapter 15 (Occupational Safety and Health), § 41-15-80; §§ 41-15-210, 41-15-280, 41-15-290, 41-15-320 (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-007)
South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation, Office of Occupational Safety and Health (SC OSHA), SC OSHA web page, 'SC OSHA COVID-19 Worker Safety Guidance' (scosha.llronline.com/coronavirus.aspx) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-010)
Indiana General Assembly (Indiana Code 2021 edition), Ind. Code Title 22, Article 8, chapter 1.1: sections 22-8-1.1-1 ('employer' defined), 22-8-1.1-2 (employer's duty), 22-8-1.1-3.1 (compliance with standards), 22-8-1.1-27.1 (civil penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IN-005)
North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division, NCDOL Safety and Health Topic page, 'COVID-19' (labor.nc.gov/coronavirus): Hazard Overview, Solutions, Regulations ('Which standards apply?'), Learn More (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-014)
Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry, Minnesota OSHA (MNOSHA), MNOSHA, Safety and health guidelines for the employers and employees of essential work operations (COVID-19), as posted by April 6, 2020 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MN-014)
Wisconsin Legislature (codified statute; administered by the Department of Safety and Professional Services), Wis. Stat. § 101.055 (2019-20), Public employee safety and health (standing) (Ex. DUT-WI-018)
Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 571, Occupational Safety and Health); administered by CONN-OSHA, Connecticut Department of Labor, Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 31-367 (definitions), 31-369 (application), 31-370 (duties of employer and employee), 31-372 (adoption of federal standards), 31-382 (penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-005)
Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry (MNOSHA), by rule under Minn. Stat. § 182.655, Minn. R. 5205.0010 (current text, published October 30, 2025) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MN-009)
Office of the Illinois Attorney General (Kwame Raoul), with the Governor's Office, Illinois Department of Labor, Illinois Department of Employment Security and Illinois Department of Public Health, Guidance for Employers and Employees on Workers' Rights and Safety During the Restore Illinois Plan (revision of December 9, 2020) (Dec. 9, 2020) (Ex. DUT-IL-013)
General Assembly of North Carolina, N.C. Gen. Stat. ch. 95, Article 16, secs. 95-126 to 95-160, including sec. 95-129 (Rights and duties of employers), sec. 95-131 (adoption of standards), sec. 95-138 (Civil penalties) and sec. 95-139 (Criminal penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-005)
Oregon Legislative Assembly (codified text published by the Office of the Legislative Counsel, 2025 Edition), Statute: ORS chapter 654, the Oregon Safe Employment Act: the employer's duty to furnish a safe and healthful place of employment and to do 'every other thing reasonably necessary' (654.010); prohibition of unsafe or unhealthy places of employment (654.015); duty of every employer, owner, employee and other person to comply with every safety and health order, standard and rule (654.022); the Director's jurisdiction over every place of employment (654.025); civil penalties (654.086); criminal penalties (654.991) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OR-005)
Iowa Labor Commissioner, Labor Services Division [875] (Iowa OSHA), 875 IAC chapter 10, General Industry Safety and Health Rules, rule 875-10.20(88) Adoption by reference (compilation of October 6, 2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IA-018)
Washington State Department of Labor and Industries (Division of Occupational Safety and Health), WAC 296-800-110 through 296-800-11045 (Safety and Health Core Rules) (standing) (Ex. DUT-WA-011)
Illinois General Assembly (Illinois Occupational Safety and Health Act, P.A. 98-874), 820 ILCS 219/20 (Duties of employers and employees) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IL-007)
Montana Legislature (Montana Code Annotated, Title 50, ch. 71), Mont. Code Ann. 50-71-201 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MT-010)
Rhode Island General Assembly (codified statute administered by the Department of Labor and Training, Division of Occupational Safety), R.I. Gen. Laws § 28-20-8 (standing) (Ex. DUT-RI-012)
Iowa General Assembly, Iowa Code ch. 88 (2021), including § 88.4 (Duties) and § 88.14 (Penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IA-006)
Indiana Department of Labor (IOSHA), IDOL web page, 'Coronavirus (COVID-19)' (www.in.gov/dol/3142.htm), Wayback Machine capture of May 29, 2020 (standing) (Ex. DUT-IN-014)
New Jersey Legislature (L.1965, c. 154, s. 3, eff. June 19, 1965), N.J.S.A. 34:6A-3, Safe and healthful place of employment (Worker Health and Safety Act) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NJ-009)
South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation, Office of Occupational Safety and Health (SC OSHA), SC OSHA FastFact, 'Employers play an important role in controlling the spread of COVID-19 - March 2020' (created March 28, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-015)
Texas Legislature (Labor Code ch. 411, Workers' Health and Safety, Subchapter H, General Requirements Relating to Occupational Health and Safety), Tex. Labor Code § 411.103 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TX-013)
Utah Legislature (Utah Code Title 34A, Utah Labor Code, Chapter 6, Utah Occupational Safety and Health Act; version effective May 12, 2015, Laws of Utah 2015, ch. 229), Utah Code section 34A-6-201 (standing) (Ex. DUT-UT-011)
Arizona Legislature (Arizona Revised Statutes, title 23, ch. 2, art. 10, Arizona Occupational Safety and Health Act), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-AZ-008)
Michigan Legislature (Enrolled House Bill 6031, 2020 PA 237, approved and filed Oct. 22, 2020), 2020 PA 237 (MCL 408.1085), employer immunity for employee exposure to COVID-19 conditioned on compliance with all COVID-19 statutes, rules, regulations, executive orders and agency orders (standing) (Ex. DUT-MI-015)
Nebraska Legislature, Neb. Rev. Stat. § 48-443 (text in force 2020-2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NE-016)
Vermont General Assembly (Title 21, chapter 3, subchapter 5, Occupational Safety and Health: the VOSHA Code), 21 V.S.A. sec. 223 (Duties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-VT-014)
Connecticut Department of Labor, Division of Occupational Safety and Health (CONN-OSHA), CONN-OSHA, About CONN-OSHA (agency web page describing the Public Employer Only State Plan and the consultation program for private employers) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-014)
Illinois General Assembly; Governor JB Pritzker (approved June 5, 2020), Public Act 101-0633 (House Bill 2455), amending 820 ILCS 310/1 to add subsection (g) (June 5, 2020) (Ex. DUT-IL-005)
Kentucky General Assembly (KRS ch. 338, Occupational Safety and Health of Employees; OSHA-approved State plan), KRS 338.031 (standing) (Ex. DUT-KY-010)
North Carolina Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Division (Commissioner of Labor), 13 NCAC 07F.0101 (General Industry), incorporating 29 C.F.R. Part 1910 by reference; amended effective July 21, 2021 as an emergency temporary standard (COVID-19 Healthcare ETS, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502-.509) and amended effective March 4, 2022 on the expiration of that standard (standing) (Ex. DUT-NC-009)
Oklahoma Legislature (Oklahoma Occupational Health and Safety Standards Act of 1970; administered by the Commissioner of Labor), 40 O.S. 403 (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-010)
Tennessee General Assembly (codified statute); administered by TOSHA, Tenn. Code Ann. sec. 50-3-403 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TN-011)
Utah Legislature, 2020 Third Special Session (S.B. 3007, Chief Sponsor Sen. Kirk A. Cullimore, House Sponsor Rep. Marc K. Roberts; Laws of Utah 2020, Third Special Session, ch. 12; signed by Governor Herbert May 4, 2020), S.B. 3007, COVID-19 Provisions (enrolled copy) (standing) (Ex. DUT-UT-013)
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Division (HIOSH), HIOSH web page, 'Employer Responsibilities' (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-019)
General Court (codified statute administered by the Department of Labor Standards and the Attorney General), G.L. c. 149, s. 6 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MA-013)
Christina Lewis, MS REHS, Industrial Hygienist, Alaska Occupational Safety and Health (AKOSH), Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Presentation, 'Opening Alaska Safely During COVID-19 Pandemic' (May 19, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AK-010)
Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board, Department of Industrial Relations (regulation published by DIR), Regulation: California Code of Regulations, Title 8, section 3203, Injury and Illness Prevention Program (standing) (Ex. DUT-CA-011)
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Division (HIOSH), HIOSH News notice of Apr. 20, 2020: HIOSH to follow OSHA's Apr. 16, 2020 enforcement memorandum on good-faith efforts (with the memorandum reproduced) (Ex. DUT-HI-010)
Illinois General Assembly (Workers' Occupational Diseases Act as amended), 820 ILCS 310/1(g) (codified COVID-19 presumption) (Sept. 28, 2026) (Ex. DUT-IL-006)
Kentucky Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (Education and Labor Cabinet), 803 KAR 2:300 (standing) (Ex. DUT-KY-013)
Maryland General Assembly (Labor and Employment Article, Title 5, Maryland Occupational Safety and Health Act), Statute (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-010)
Maryland Occupational Safety and Health (MOSH), Division of Labor and Industry, Maryland Department of Labor, MOSH Fact Sheet (April 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MD-019)
Michigan Legislature (Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1974 PA 154), MCL 408.1011, Duties of employer (MIOSHA Act sec. 11) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MI-013)
Michigan Legislature (Michigan Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1974 PA 154), MCL 408.1035, Civil and criminal penalties (MIOSHA Act sec. 35) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MI-014)
Oklahoma Legislature (Oklahoma Occupational Health and Safety Standards Act of 1970), 40 O.S. 402 (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-011)
South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation, Office of Occupational Safety and Health (SC OSHA), SC OSHA web page, 'SC OSHA's Response to COVID-19' / 'SC OSHA: The Only Constant is Change' (scosha.llronline.com/coronavirus2.aspx) (Feb. 25, 2021) (Ex. DUT-SC-011)
South Carolina Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation, Office of Occupational Safety and Health (SC OSHA), SC OSHA FastFind, 'Corona Virus (COVID-19) Prevention: General Requirements and Prevention Ideas for Workplaces' (created April 20, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-014)
Utah Labor Commission (with the Utah Occupational Safety and Health Division, WCF Insurance and the Utah Department of Health), Protecting High-Risk Individuals: Recommendations for the Workplace (Utah Labor Commission, May 2020) (May 24, 2020) (Ex. DUT-UT-017)
Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, Division of Occupational Safety and Health, DOSH Directive 1.70 (Updated May 15, 2020) (Ex. DUT-WA-017)
Missouri General Assembly (Revised Statutes of Missouri, chapter 292, Health and Safety of Employees), RSMo 292.300 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MO-008)
AKOSH Consultation and Training Team, Labor Standards and Safety Division, Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development, COVID-19 FAQ From AKOSH Consultation and Training Team (standing) (Ex. DUT-AK-008)
General Assembly of Georgia (Ga. L. 1937, p. 230, sections 10 and 18; section 18 amended by Ga. L. 1975, p. 198, section 3), O.C.G.A. sections 34-2-10 and 34-2-13 (standing) (Ex. DUT-GA-009)
South Dakota Legislature (codified statute), SDCL 60-2-1 and 60-2-3, Indemnification of employee by employer; employer to indemnify for own negligence (standing) (Ex. DUT-SD-010)
Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development (regulation adopted under AS 18.60.030), 8 AAC 61.1010 (standing) (Ex. DUT-AK-006)
Department of Labor (administrative rules under RSA ch. 277), Lab 1401.02 (standing) (Ex. DUT-NH-019)
Tennessee General Assembly (codified statute); administered by the Commissioner of Labor and Workforce Development (TOSHA, a State plan approved under 29 U.S.C. 667), Tenn. Code Ann. sec. 50-3-105 (standing) (Ex. DUT-TN-008)
Wyoming Legislature; published by the Wyoming Legislative Service Office (LSO), Wyoming Statutes, Title 27 (Labor and Employment), complete official LSO publication (standing) (Ex. DUT-WY-013)
Indiana General Assembly (Senate Enrolled Act 1 (2021), P.L.1-2021, signed by Governor Eric J. Holcomb Feb. 18, 2021; Indiana Code 2021 edition), Ind. Code Title 34, Article 30, chapter 32, sections 34-30-32-1 to 34-30-32-11 (and chapter 33, sections 34-30-33-1 to -9) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IN-006)
Maine Legislature (26 M.R.S. chapter 3, Bureau of Labor Standards, Department of Labor), 26 M.R.S. sec. 42 (powers and duties of the Bureau; the director 'shall cause to be enforced... all laws established for the protection of health, lives and limbs of operators in workshops and factories, on railroads and in other places'), sec. 44 (right of access; records), sec. 45 (citations for violation of sec. 561-A or Board rules), sec. 46 (civil penalties), sec. 49 (imminent danger; Superior Court restraint), sec. 50 (inspections on employee complaint) (standing) (Ex. DUT-ME-007)
Rachel Levine, MD, Secretary of Health, Order of the Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health Requiring Hospitals to Implement Measures to Protect Hospital Staff and Patients (June 9, 2020) (Ex. AGY-ST-HEALTH-SUBORDERS-013)
Minnesota Legislature; signed by Governor Tim Walz April 7, 2020, 5:04 p.m, Laws of Minnesota 2020, Chapter 72 (H.F. 4537) (Apr. 7, 2020) (Ex. AGY-ST-UTILITIES-HOUSING-AG-067)
Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-34 (May 4, 2020) (Ex. AZ-017)
Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-36 (May 12, 2020) (Ex. AZ-019)
Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-40 (June 17, 2020) (Ex. AZ-020)
Office of Governor Douglas A. Ducey with the Arizona Department of Health Services, Requirements document issued under executive order (June 17, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AZ-013)
California Legislature (codified text published by the Legislative Counsel), Statute: Labor Code, Division 5, Part 1, Chapter 4 (sections 6423-6436), Violations and Penalties (standing) (Ex. DUT-CA-010)
Kansas Legislature (K.S.A., Revisor of Statutes), K.S.A. 60-5502, Definitions, including (j) 'public health directives' (standing) (Ex. DUT-KS-014)
New Jersey Legislature (L.1983, c. 516, s. 9; amended L.1995, c. 186, s. 5), N.J.S.A. 34:6A-33, Responsibilities of employers (PEOSHA general duty) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NJ-010)
Oklahoma Legislature (Senate Bill 1946, 2d Sess., 57th Leg.; signed by Governor Stitt), 76 O.S. 111 (SB 1946, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-013)
General Assembly of South Carolina (S. 147, ratified R. 39, April 28, 2021; approved by Governor Henry McMaster April 28, 2021), Act No. 99 of 2021 (S. 147, R. 39), a Joint Resolution, the 'South Carolina COVID-19 Liability Immunity Act' (standing) (Ex. DUT-SC-009)
Utah Legislature (Utah Code Title 34A, Chapter 6; version effective May 9, 2017), Utah Code section 34A-6-307 (standing) (Ex. DUT-UT-012)
General Assembly of Virginia (Code of Virginia, Title 40.1, Labor and Employment, Chapter 3, Protection of Employees), Va. Code section 40.1-51.1, Duties of employers (standing) (Ex. DUT-VA-005)
Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Order of the Governor (Mar. 12, 2020) Extending Certain Licenses, Permits, Registrations (Ex. MD-098)
Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-40, Allowing Workers in Non-Critical Sectors to Return to Safe Workplaces (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. MN-015)
Governor Steve Sisolak, Declaration of Emergency Directive 013 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. NV-014)
Governor Steve Sisolak, Declaration of Emergency Directive 016 (Apr. 29, 2020) (Ex. NV-015)
Governor Steve Sisolak, Declaration of Emergency Directive 018 (Phase One Reopening Plan), May 7, 2020, ss. 4, 9, 10, 11, 13, 25 (Ex. NV-016)
Governor J. Kevin Stitt, Second Amended Executive Order 2020-07 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. OK-004)
Governor Ralph S. Northam and State Health Commissioner M. Norman Oliver, Executive Order 63 and Order of Public Health Emergency Five (May 26, 2020) (Ex. VA-012)
