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The Orders Library

Name: The COVID Project Orders Library
Creator: The COVID Project

13,511 instruments indexed by The COVID Project: the orders of the fifty States and the District, forty metros, the federal layer and the agencies; the standing duties; the organizers' notices; the legal authorities. Filter by kind, State, limitation type, quarter and more; open the exhibit; download what you find.

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45 instruments · showing 1–25

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Exhibit	Instrument	Issuer	Jurisdiction	Issued	Quarters	Limitations	Grade
Ex. DUT-MA-020	Desrosiers v. Governor, 486 Mass. 369, SJC-12983 (argued Sept. 11, 2020; decided Dec. 10, 2020)Decision holding that the Civil Defense Act authorized the Governor's March 10, 2020 declaration and the COVID-19 emergency orders, that the…	Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (Lenk, Gaziano, Lowy, Budd, Cypher, Kafker, JJ.; opinion by Budd, J.)	MassachusettsCourt	Dec. 10, 2020	2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationBusiness closureGathering capStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-MD-017	Memorandum opinion, Antietam Battlefield KOA v. Hogan, No. 1:20-cv-01130-CCB, ECF No. 40 (D. Md. May 20, 2020) (refusing a preliminary injunction against the Governor's orders)Antietam Battlefield KOA, et al. v. Lawrence J. Hogan, et al., Memorandum (Civil Action No. CCB-20-1130)	United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Blake, J.)	Maryland (United States District Court for the District of Maryland)Court	May 20, 2020	2020 Q2	Standing dutyStay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capFace-covering requirementStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-CT-011	Casey v. Lamont, SC 20494 (argued Dec. 11, 2020; officially released Mar. 29, 2021), 338 Conn. 479, 258 A.3d 647 (2021)Kristine Casey et al. v. Governor Ned Lamont	Supreme Court of Connecticut (McDonald, J., for a unanimous court; Robinson, C.J., and McDonald, D'Auria, Mullins, Kahn, Ecker and Keller, Js.)	Connecticut (Supreme Court of Connecticut)Court	Mar. 29, 2021	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitAlcohol and barsOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-LA-014	Big Tyme Investments, L.L.C. v. Edwards, No. 20-30526 c/w No. 20-30537 (5th Cir. Jan. 13, 2021)Opinion affirming the district courts' refusal of preliminary injunctions against the Governor's bar-closure proclamations (89 JBE 2020 and…	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (published opinion)	Louisiana (United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, on appeal from the Eastern and Western Districts of Louisiana)Court	Jan. 13, 2021	2021 Q1	Standing dutyBusiness closureAlcohol and barsOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-NJ-013	JWC Fitness, LLC v. Murphy, No. A-0639-20 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Oct. 18, 2021) (approved for publication)JWC Fitness, LLC v. Philip D. Murphy, Governor of New Jersey, et al.: no statutory or constitutional compensation for the closure and…	Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division (published opinion, Docket No. A-0639-20; on appeal from the Law Division, Sussex County, L-0388-20)	New JerseyCourt	Oct. 18, 2021		Standing dutyEmergency declarationBusiness closureCapacity limitOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-VT-020	State v. Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. (Rutland Super. Ct., Civ. Div.): settlement filed January 15, 2021 (agreement to comply with the Governor's executive order; $1,000 payment)Attorney general settles with Rutland gym owner (VTDigger, Jan. 15, 2021)	State of Vermont, Attorney General T.J. Donovan; Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. and Sean Manovill (settlement filed for court approval January 15, 2021); reported by VTDigger (Alan J. Keays), January 15, 2021	Vermont (Rutland Superior Court, Civil Division)Court	Jan. 15, 2021	2021 Q1	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitStanding duty	Confirmed from a secondary source
Ex. DUT-AL-020	Munza v. Ivey, No. 1200003 (Ala. Mar. 19, 2021), 334 So. 3d 211Barry Munza, Larry Lewis, and Debbie Mathis v. Kay Ivey, in her official capacity as Governor; Scott Harris, in his official capacity as…	Supreme Court of Alabama (Bolin, J.)	Alabama (Supreme Court of Alabama)Court	Mar. 19, 2021	2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-OK-019	Ho v. Tulsa Spine & Specialty Hospital, L.L.C., 2021 OK 68, 507 P.3d 673, Case No. 119,752Opinion reversing dismissal of a nurse's wrongful-discharge action: the Governor's COVID-19 emergency orders expressed established Oklahoma…	Supreme Court of Oklahoma (Kauger, J., for the Court)	OklahomaCourt	Dec. 14, 2021	2020 Q2	Standing dutyHealth care ordersWorkplace rulesStanding dutyOperating condition	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-PA-020	Judicial opinion (majority opinion on an emergency application for extraordinary relief)Friends of Danny DeVito, Kathy Gregory, B&J Laundry, LLC, Blueberry Hill Public Golf Course & Lounge, and Caledonia Land Co. v. Governor Tom…	Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (Donohue, J., for the Court; Saylor, C.J., Baer, Todd, Dougherty, Wecht and Mundy, JJ.)	PennsylvaniaCourt	Apr. 13, 2020	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyStay-at-homeBusiness closureOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-CA-018	Published opinion: Newsom v. Superior Court (Gallagher), No. C093006 (Cal. Ct. App. May 5, 2021), 63 Cal.App.5th 1099Newsom v. Superior Court of Sutter County (Gallagher, real parties in interest): the Emergency Services Act authorizes the Governor to issue…	California Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District (Robie, J., with Hull and Mauro, JJ.)	CaliforniaCourt	May 5, 2021	2021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-KS-020	Kelly v. Legislative Coordinating Council, No. 122,765 (Kan. Apr. 11, 2020) (original action in quo warranto; quo warranto granted in part)Laura Kelly, Governor of the State of Kansas, v. Legislative Coordinating Council, et al.	Supreme Court of Kansas (per curiam)	KansasCourt	Apr. 11, 2020	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyGathering capEvents and venuesStanding dutyOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-NC-019	North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024)Opinion: the Emergency Management Act 'grants the Governor the ability to impose significant restrictions or prohibitions on otherwise…	Supreme Court of North Carolina	North CarolinaCourt	Aug. 22, 2025		Standing dutyBusiness closureAlcohol and barsOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-IL-011	JL Properties Group B, LLC v. Pritzker, 2021 IL App (3d) 200305Affirmance of the circuit court's refusal of a preliminary injunction against the Governor's residential eviction moratoria; the special…	Illinois Appellate Court, Third District (majority; Presiding Justice McDade specially concurring)	Illinois (Appellate Court, Third District)Court	May 21, 2021	2021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-TX-021	In re Abbott, No. 20-50264 (5th Cir. Apr. 7, 2020) (published), 954 F.3d 772In re Greg Abbott, in his official capacity as Governor of Texas, et al. (petition for writ of mandamus; GA-09)	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Duncan, J., joined by Elrod, J.; Dennis, J., dissenting)	Texas (United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit)Court	Apr. 7, 2020	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationHealth care ordersStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-AL-021	Case v. Ivey, No. 2:20-cv-777-WKW, Doc. 54 (M.D. Ala. June 1, 2021) (Memorandum and Opinion Order)Jennifer Case, et al. v. Kay Ivey, in her individual capacity and official capacity as Governor of Alabama, et al.	United States District Court, M.D. Ala. (Watkins, J.)	Alabama (United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, Northern Division)Court	June 1, 2021	2021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyStay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-IA-017	Riley Drive Entertainment I, Inc. v. Reynolds, No. 20-1510 (Iowa Feb. 18, 2022) (amended Apr. 7, 2022)Riley Drive Entertainment I, Inc. d/b/a Tonic Bar, et al. v. Governor Kimberly K. Reynolds and Iowa Department of Public Health - opinion…	Supreme Court of Iowa (Mansfield, J., for a unanimous court)	IowaCourt	Feb. 18, 2022	2020 Q32020 Q4	Standing dutyBusiness closureAlcohol and barsOperating condition	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-NC-017	Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022)Opinion: the June 8, 2020 NCDHHS abatement order closing Ace Speedway as an 'imminent hazard' for hosting gatherings above the EO 141 limit…	Supreme Court of North Carolina	North CarolinaCourt	Aug. 23, 2024		Standing dutyBusiness closureGathering capOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-TN-018	The Local Spot, Inc. v. Lee, No. 3:20-cv-00421, Doc. 59 (M.D. Tenn. July 14, 2020) (order refusing temporary restraining order)Order on Plaintiffs' Motion for Temporary Restraining Order (bars and restaurants v. Governor Lee, Mayor Cooper and Chief Medical Director…	United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (Richardson, J.)	Tennessee (Middle District of Tennessee; Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County)Court	July 14, 2020	2020 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitAlcohol and bars	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-VA-019	Defendants' Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Tigges v. Northam, No. 3:20-cv-00410-JAG (E.D. Va.), Document 13 (filed July 8, 2020), 35 pagesOpposition to Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Tigges v. Northam, Civil Action No. 3:20-cv-00410-JAG (E.D. Va. July 8, 2020)	Commonwealth of Virginia, Office of the Attorney General (Michelle S. Kallen and Toby J. Heytens), for Governor Northam and State Health Commissioner Oliver	Virginia (United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Richmond Division)Court	July 8, 2020	2020 Q22020 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitGathering capOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-ME-014	Order on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, Savage v. Mills, No. 1:20-cv-00165-LEW, ECF No. 26 (D. Me. Aug. 7, 2020), reported at 478 F. Supp. 3d 16Savage v. Mills (Sunday River Brewing Company): order dismissing business owners' constitutional challenge to the Governor's COVID-19…	Hon. Lance E. Walker, U.S. District Judge	United States District Court for the District of MaineCourt	Aug. 7, 2020	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitWorkplace rulesOperating condition	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-NM-012	Grisham v. Reeb, 2021-NMSC-006, 480 P.3d 852, No. S-1-SC-38336 (N.M. Nov. 5, 2020)Opinion holding that the Legislature empowered the Governor and Secretary of Health to enforce public health emergency orders restricting…	Supreme Court of New Mexico (Vigil, J., for a unanimous Court)	New MexicoCourt	Nov. 5, 2020	2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureGathering capStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-NM-013	Lujan Grisham v. Romero, 2021-NMSC-009, 483 P.3d 545, No. S-1-SC-38396 (N.M. Feb. 15, 2021)Opinion holding that the Governor and Secretary of Health are authorized to restrict or close businesses when necessary for the protection…	Supreme Court of New Mexico	New MexicoCourt	Feb. 15, 2021	2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-OR-016	Along Came Trudy LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 330 Or App 295, 543 P3d 751 (Jan. 24, 2024), rev den, 372 Or 588 (July 18, 2024) (A178679; OLCC21V003): judicial review affirming cancellation of a Lane County restaurant and event venue's liquor license for three violations of EO 20-66 (indoor dining while prohibited)Along Came Trudy LLC, dba Along Came Trudy, Petitioner, v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, Respondent	Oregon Court of Appeals (Kamins, J., with Tookey, P.J., and Egan, J.); review denied by the Oregon Supreme Court	OregonCourt	Jan. 24, 2024	2020 Q42021 Q1	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitFace-covering requirementOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-AZ-018	Order (Doc. 46) on motion for temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction and on motion to dismissXponential Fitness, LLC et al. v. State of Arizona et al., No. CV-20-01310-PHX-DJH (D. Ariz. July 14, 2020)	United States District Court for the District of Arizona (Hon. Diane J. Humetewa)	United States (D. Ariz.)Court	July 14, 2020	2020 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureOperating condition	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-MD-018	Memorandum opinion, Antietam Battlefield KOA v. Hogan, No. 1:20-cv-01130-CCB, ECF No. 71 (D. Md. Nov. 18, 2020) (granting the motion to dismiss the amended complaint)Antietam Battlefield KOA, et al. v. Lawrence J. Hogan, et al., Memorandum (Civil Action No. CCB-20-1130)	United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Blake, J.)	Maryland (United States District Court for the District of Maryland)Court	Nov. 18, 2020	2020 Q4	Standing dutyStay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capFace-covering requirementStanding duty	Primary source read

Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts (Lenk, Gaziano, Lowy, Budd, Cypher, Kafker, JJ.; opinion by Budd, J.), Desrosiers v. Governor, 486 Mass. 369, SJC-12983 (argued Sept. 11, 2020; decided Dec. 10, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-MA-020)
United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Blake, J.), Memorandum opinion, Antietam Battlefield KOA v. Hogan, No. 1:20-cv-01130-CCB, ECF No. 40 (D. Md. May 20, 2020) (refusing a preliminary injunction against the Governor's orders) (Ex. DUT-MD-017)
Supreme Court of Connecticut (McDonald, J., for a unanimous court; Robinson, C.J., and McDonald, D'Auria, Mullins, Kahn, Ecker and Keller, Js.), Casey v. Lamont, SC 20494 (argued Dec. 11, 2020; officially released Mar. 29, 2021), 338 Conn. 479, 258 A.3d 647 (2021) (Ex. DUT-CT-011)
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (published opinion), Big Tyme Investments, L.L.C. v. Edwards, No. 20-30526 c/w No. 20-30537 (5th Cir. Jan. 13, 2021) (Ex. DUT-LA-014)
Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division (published opinion, Docket No. A-0639-20; on appeal from the Law Division, Sussex County, L-0388-20), JWC Fitness, LLC v. Murphy, No. A-0639-20 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. Oct. 18, 2021) (approved for publication) (Ex. DUT-NJ-013)
State of Vermont, Attorney General T.J. Donovan; Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. and Sean Manovill (settlement filed for court approval January 15, 2021); reported by VTDigger (Alan J. Keays), January 15, 2021, State v. Club Fitness of Vermont, Inc. (Rutland Super. Ct., Civ. Div.): settlement filed January 15, 2021 (agreement to comply with the Governor's executive order; $1,000 payment) (Jan. 15, 2021) (Ex. DUT-VT-020)
Supreme Court of Alabama (Bolin, J.), Munza v. Ivey, No. 1200003 (Ala. Mar. 19, 2021), 334 So. 3d 211 (Ex. DUT-AL-020)
Supreme Court of Oklahoma (Kauger, J., for the Court), Ho v. Tulsa Spine & Specialty Hospital, L.L.C., 2021 OK 68, 507 P.3d 673, Case No. 119,752 (Dec. 14, 2021) (Ex. DUT-OK-019)
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania (Donohue, J., for the Court; Saylor, C.J., Baer, Todd, Dougherty, Wecht and Mundy, JJ.), Judicial opinion (majority opinion on an emergency application for extraordinary relief) (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. DUT-PA-020)
California Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District (Robie, J., with Hull and Mauro, JJ.), Published opinion: Newsom v. Superior Court (Gallagher), No. C093006 (Cal. Ct. App. May 5, 2021), 63 Cal.App.5th 1099 (standing) (Ex. DUT-CA-018)
Supreme Court of Kansas (per curiam), Kelly v. Legislative Coordinating Council, No. 122,765 (Kan. Apr. 11, 2020) (original action in quo warranto; quo warranto granted in part) (Ex. DUT-KS-020)
Supreme Court of North Carolina, North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024) (Ex. DUT-NC-019)
Illinois Appellate Court, Third District (majority; Presiding Justice McDade specially concurring), JL Properties Group B, LLC v. Pritzker, 2021 IL App (3d) 200305 (May 21, 2021) (Ex. DUT-IL-011)
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Duncan, J., joined by Elrod, J.; Dennis, J., dissenting), In re Abbott, No. 20-50264 (5th Cir. Apr. 7, 2020) (published), 954 F.3d 772 (Ex. DUT-TX-021)
United States District Court, M.D. Ala. (Watkins, J.), Case v. Ivey, No. 2:20-cv-777-WKW, Doc. 54 (M.D. Ala. June 1, 2021) (Memorandum and Opinion Order) (Ex. DUT-AL-021)
Supreme Court of Iowa (Mansfield, J., for a unanimous court), Riley Drive Entertainment I, Inc. v. Reynolds, No. 20-1510 (Iowa Feb. 18, 2022) (amended Apr. 7, 2022) (Ex. DUT-IA-017)
Supreme Court of North Carolina, Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-017)
United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee (Richardson, J.), The Local Spot, Inc. v. Lee, No. 3:20-cv-00421, Doc. 59 (M.D. Tenn. July 14, 2020) (order refusing temporary restraining order) (Ex. DUT-TN-018)
Commonwealth of Virginia, Office of the Attorney General (Michelle S. Kallen and Toby J. Heytens), for Governor Northam and State Health Commissioner Oliver, Defendants' Opposition to Plaintiff's Motion for Preliminary Injunction, Tigges v. Northam, No. 3:20-cv-00410-JAG (E.D. Va.), Document 13 (filed July 8, 2020), 35 pages (Ex. DUT-VA-019)
Hon. Lance E. Walker, U.S. District Judge, Order on Defendant's Motion to Dismiss, Savage v. Mills, No. 1:20-cv-00165-LEW, ECF No. 26 (D. Me. Aug. 7, 2020), reported at 478 F. Supp. 3d 16 (Ex. DUT-ME-014)
Supreme Court of New Mexico (Vigil, J., for a unanimous Court), Grisham v. Reeb, 2021-NMSC-006, 480 P.3d 852, No. S-1-SC-38336 (N.M. Nov. 5, 2020) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NM-012)
Supreme Court of New Mexico, Lujan Grisham v. Romero, 2021-NMSC-009, 483 P.3d 545, No. S-1-SC-38396 (N.M. Feb. 15, 2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-NM-013)
Oregon Court of Appeals (Kamins, J., with Tookey, P.J., and Egan, J.); review denied by the Oregon Supreme Court, Along Came Trudy LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 330 Or App 295, 543 P3d 751 (Jan. 24, 2024), rev den, 372 Or 588 (July 18, 2024) (A178679; OLCC21V003): judicial review affirming cancellation of a Lane County restaurant and event venue's liquor license for three violations of EO 20-66 (indoor dining while prohibited) (Ex. DUT-OR-016)
United States District Court for the District of Arizona (Hon. Diane J. Humetewa), Order (Doc. 46) on motion for temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction and on motion to dismiss (July 14, 2020) (Ex. DUT-AZ-018)
United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Blake, J.), Memorandum opinion, Antietam Battlefield KOA v. Hogan, No. 1:20-cv-01130-CCB, ECF No. 71 (D. Md. Nov. 18, 2020) (granting the motion to dismiss the amended complaint) (Ex. DUT-MD-018)

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