Industry 15 of 27

Education and Child Care

Education and child care is the one industry whose premises every State closed by name in March 2020 and whose operations every State then regulated by instrument through the last day of the claim period. 2020 Q2 (with the March 13-31, 2020 run-up): all fifty…

INin-person instruction RLremote learning ECextended care and child care TRtransport FSfood service ACathletics, activities and events ADadmissions, tours and enrollment CPcampus housing and dining HRhiring, screening, training…OPoffice, administration, telework WFworkforce availability CBfamilies

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In plain terms: if you ran a private school, a preschool, a child care center, a tutoring business, a school bus or food-service contractor, or a college, government orders decided what you could do from March 2020 through September 30, 2021. In the week of March 12 to 20, 2020, every State closed its school buildings to students, and forty-eight kept them closed for the rest of the school year. At least twelve States and the District of Columbia closed child care to every family but those of essential workers; every other State cut licensed rooms to emergency ratios. Colleges were ordered to stop teaching in person. Every season, camp, ceremony and open house was cancelled under a gathering cap.

The reopening orders of the summer of 2020 set the earliest day your classroom could open and how many children could sit in it. Winter orders closed classrooms again in Kentucky, Michigan, New Mexico, West Virginia and the largest counties. The return in 2021 came on a State-set date, under State-set conditions that ran to June. From February 1, 2021 a federal order placed every school bus in the country under a mask requirement. Then, between July 12 and September 7, 2021, at least eighteen States and the District placed every classroom and child care room under face-covering, quarantine and exclusion rules; ten jurisdictions ordered every school and child care worker vaccinated or tested; eight States forbade schools to set that rule for themselves, and courts changed the rule in force inside the quarter.

This page sets out those orders by layer, by quarter and by function, with the issuer, the date and the exhibit for each, and answers the fourteen sentences that the letters of the IRS (the "Service") use. The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute is the third quarter of 2021, and the record on this page answers it.

Partial suspension, element by element

Every analysis on this site asks the same five questions in the same order. Here they are asked of Education and Child Care, from the industry's own record.

The order: issuer, instrument, date, exhibit.The Library holds 83 instruments from this industry's own regulators and sector authorities and 42 organizer notices. The earliest is U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP), SEVP Broadcast Message 2003-01: COVID-19 and Potential Procedural Adaptations for F and M nonimmigrant students (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. SEC-15-004). The fifty-State regime table below names the State orders that reached its premises, State by State, each with its exhibit; the federal layer and the standing duties sit behind them on every day of the six quarters.
The function of the business it reached.The orders named the functions of the business in terms. Three of this industry's 12 function codes: INin-person instructionRLremote learningECextended care and child care. The full key follows this panel, and Function by function reads the orders against each code.
The change it compelled: the operative words.The operative words of SEVP Broadcast Message 2003-01: COVID-19 and Potential Procedural Adaptations for F and M nonimmigrant students (Ex. SEC-15-004): “SEVP-certified schools may need to adapt their procedures and policies to address the significant public health concerns associated with the COVID-19 crisis.... SEVP-certified schools should advise students traveling from countries impacted by COVID-19...” Each record page quotes the operative words in full, with the enforcement provision beside them.
The quarter: in force on which days.Every instrument carries the quarters it was in force. This industry's record runs across all six: 2020 Q246 2020 Q325 2020 Q419 2021 Q120 2021 Q212 2021 Q342 (the count is this industry's own instruments carrying the quarter). The six quarters sets out what was in force in each, and the third quarter of 2021 is listed instrument by instrument below.
The statute's answer.A partial suspension is a temporary delay, interruption or termination of a portion of the business's operations; the order need only be the but-for cause of it; and nothing in the Suspension Clause asks whether the business was essential, stayed open, could telework or served customers who were themselves under orders (Tri-State Memorial Hospital v. United States). The test and the method are stated once, for every industry, at Partial suspension, element by element.

The same five steps run through the report the site builds for your own State, metro and quarters.

Function codes

The analysis describes the business as twelve functions, each with a two-letter code that every page of this set uses without variation. An order “reached” a function when its operative words told the business what that part of it could do, when, where, for how many and on what conditions.

Code	Function of the business
IN	in-person instruction
RL	remote learning
EC	extended care and child care (emergency-only, ratios, cohorts)
TR	transport (school buses)
FS	food service (meals, cafeterias, congregate feeding)
AC	athletics, activities and events
AD	admissions, tours and enrollment
CP	campus housing and dining
HR	hiring, screening, training, credentialing
OP	office, administration, telework
WF	workforce availability (staff quarantine, staff vaccination status, staff's own child care)
CB	families (the customer base and its payers)

The fifty-State regime table

One row per State and the District. The State name opens the State's own page; every exhibit ID opens the instrument. Sort by State from the column head, or type to find a State.

State	Spring 2020	Child care, 2020	Fall 2020	Face coverings, 2021-22	Staff vaccination, 2021	Higher education	Q3 2021	Functions	Grade
AlabamaAL	Gov. Ivey closed all schools Mar. 18-Apr. 5, 2020 (announced Mar. 13; State Health Officer order Mar. 19); Mar. 26, 2020: closed for the remainder of the year (BP1).	State Health Officer orders of Mar. 19-Apr. 3, 2020 limited child care to small groups and essential workers.	May 21: reopening from June 1 permitted under distancing rules; July 29, 2020: Safer at Home mask mandate extended to students grade 2+ and colleges (in force to Apr. 9, 2021); ALSDE toolkit (guidance) (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition; ADPH guidance July 30, 2021 (BP3).	None.	July 29, 2020 mask order covered colleges (BP2).	Federal layer (CDC conveyance order on school buses); local district and county rules; no State school instrument after Apr. 9, 2021.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
AlaskaAK	Gov. Dunleavy ordered public schools closed Mar. 16-30, 2020 (Mar. 13); Mar. 20: extended to May 1; Apr. 9, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		Alaska Smart Start 2020 (June 4, 2020) risk-level framework (guidance); Burbio: about half of schools in person Sept. 10, 2020 (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (BP3).	None.		Federal layer only at State level; Anchorage's emergency ordinance came Oct. 2021 (post-period).	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
ArizonaAZ	Gov. Ducey and Supt. Hoffman closed all schools Mar. 16-27, 2020 (Mar. 15); Mar. 20: to Apr. 10; Mar. 30, 2020: remainder of the year, codified by HB 2910 (Mar. 27, 2020) (BP1).	Child care remained open.	EO 2020-41 (June 24, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-019): distance-learning plans; in-person start no earlier than Aug. 17, 2020; EO 2020-51 (July 23, 2020): on-site learning for students in need from Aug. 17; ADHS benchmarks (Aug. 6, 2020) gated reopening; Mar. 3, 2021 EO: in-person instruction by Mar. 15, 2021 (BP2).	Prohibition: A.R.S. 15-342.05 (HB 2898, June 30, 2021), effective Sept. 29, 2021; Aug. 16, 2021 grants withheld from districts with mask rules; held unconstitutional Sept. 26/27, 2021 (Maricopa County Superior Court, Cooper, J.), affirmed Nov. 2, 2021 (SEC-15-088; BP3).		EO 2020-12 (Mar. 23, 2020) listed educational institutions only for distance learning and critical research.	HB 2898 ban (never effective; struck Sept. 27); Governor's Aug. 16 funding order; district mask rules in Phoenix, Tucson and others; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
ArkansasAR	Gov. Hutchinson closed all schools Mar. 17-27, 2020 (Mar. 15); Mar. 19: to Apr. 17; Apr. 6, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		Reopening delayed to Aug. 24, 2020 (July 9); Arkansas Ready for Learning (June 5, 2020): face coverings for staff and students over 10, distancing, staggered meals (BP2).	Prohibition: Act 1002 (Apr. 28, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-045); TRO Aug. 6, 2021 (Pulaski County Circuit Court, Fox, J.); special session adjourned Aug. 6 without amendment; Ark. Sup. Ct. Sept. 30 and Dec. 29, 2021 (BP3).	None.		Act 1002 (in force July 28-Aug. 6, 2021; enjoined thereafter); district mask rules from Aug. 6; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
CaliforniaCA	EO N-33-20 stay-at-home (Mar. 19, 2020) closed schools (99 percent already closed by local decision); Apr. 1, 2020: physically closed for the remainder of the year (BP1).		July 17, 2020 framework and CDPH Schools guidance (Ex. SEC-15-053): no in-person instruction in counties on the monitoring list (33 of 58 on July 20); Blueprint (Aug. 28, 2020): no reopening in Purple tier without waiver; Jan. 14, 2021 Safe Schools for All; TRO Mar. 15, 2021 (Freeland, J.) against the framework (BP2).	Requirement: CDPH K-12 guidance July 12, 2021, universal indoor masking (Ex. SEC-15-024; recital in Ex. SEC-15-023); lifted Mar. 12, 2022 (BP3).	State Public Health Officer Order Aug. 11, 2021: all TK-12 public and private school workers verified vaccinated or tested weekly; effective Aug. 12; compliance Oct. 15, 2021 (Ex. SEC-15-023). Oct. 1, 2021 student-mandate announcement never took effect.	CDPH Institutions of Higher Education guidance (Aug. 7, 2020) mandatory under the Blueprint.	CDPH K-12 masking (July 12); Aug. 11 worker order; CDPH child care guidance; Cal/OSHA ETS (readopted June 17, 2021) for school and child care employers; county health officer mask orders (Bay Area Aug. 3; Los Angeles July 17); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; AD; CP; HR; WF; CB	Primary source read
ColoradoCO	EO D 2020 007 (Mar. 18, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-076): normal in-person instruction suspended Mar. 23-Apr. 17 at all public and private P-12 schools; D 2020 021 (Apr. 1): to Apr. 30; D 2020 041 (Apr. 22): remainder of the year (BP1).	Remained open; D 2020 007 sec. D directed local public health agencies to work with child care providers.	CDE guidance July 20, 2020; decisions local; Dial framework (PHO 20-36) (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition.	None statewide.	D 2020 017 stay-at-home reached campuses.	State: none; Denver's Sept. 2021 public health order and Tri-County's Sept. 2021 school order (metro DEN); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
ConnecticutCT	EO 7C (Mar. 15, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-032): public school classes cancelled Mar. 17-31; EO 7L (Mar. 20/23): to Apr. 20; EO 7X (Apr. 9): to May 20; EO 7II (May 5, 2020): remainder of the year (BP1).		Adapt, Advance, Achieve (June 29, 2020): masks required; remote-only required State exemption (July 30); reopened Aug. 31, 2020 (BP2).	Requirement continued: EO 13A (Aug. 5, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-033) and Commissioner rules; General Assembly extension to Feb. 15, 2022; ended Feb. 28, 2022 (BP3).	EO 13D (Aug. 19, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-034): school and child care staff first dose or weekly testing by Sept. 27, 2021.	EO 7C sec. 3 (flexibility for students).	EO 13A masks; EO 13D staff (Sept. 27); DPH school and child-care rules; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; HR; WF; CB	Primary source read
DelawareDE	Gov. Carney closed schools Mar. 16-27, 2020 (Mar. 13); Mar. 23: to May 15; Apr. 24, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).	Ninth Modification (Apr. 6, 2020): Emergency Child Care Sites for essential personnel only.	Aug. 4, 2020: hybrid reopening in September; 25th Modification (Aug. 25, 2020): masks for students K+ (BP2).	Requirement: Governor's Aug. 10, 2021 state of emergency and DHSS emergency order 16 Del. Admin. Code 4202 sec. 7.7 (Aug. 13, effective Aug. 16, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-067); child care and youth camp orders Aug. 16, 2021 (SEC-15-068); ended Mar. 1, 2022 (BP3).	Sept. 28, 2021 announcement: school staff vaccination or testing effective Nov. 1, 2021 (BP3).	University of Delaware remote (institutional).	4202 sec. 7.7 (Aug. 16); OCCL child care masks (Aug. 16); Sept. 28 staff order (Nov. 1); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; HR; WF; CB	Primary source read
FloridaFL	DOE closed schools for two weeks from Mar. 16, 2020 (Mar. 13); Mar. 17: to Apr. 14; Mar. 30: to May 1; Apr. 18, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		DOE Emergency Order 2020-EO-06 (July 6, 2020; SEC-15-091): brick-and-mortar five days by Aug. 31; Leon County injunction Aug. 24 stayed by the First DCA Aug. 28, 2020 (BP2).	Prohibition: EO 21-175 (July 30, 2021; SEC-15-040) and DOH Rule 64DER21-12 (Aug. 6, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-044); Leon County Circuit Court Aug. 27 and Sept. 8, 2021; First DCA reinstated Sept. 10; funds withheld Aug. 30 and Oct. 7; S.D. Fla. declined ADA injunction Sept. 15; HB 1B Nov. 18, 2021 (BP3).	None; prohibited by HB 1B (Nov. 18, 2021).		EO 21-175 and Rule 64DER21-12 (with the Aug. 27-Sept. 10 litigation); district mask rules in Miami-Dade, Broward, Alachua, Leon and others; Rule 64DER21-15 (Sept. 22, 2021); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
GeorgiaGA	EO 03.16.20.01 (Mar. 16, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-039): all public elementary, secondary and post-secondary schools closed Mar. 18-31; EO 03.26.20.02: to Apr. 24; EO 04.01.20.01: remainder of the year (BP1).		GaDOE guidance July 14, 2020; decisions local (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition in 2021-22 (the parental opt-out law came Mar. 29, 2022) (BP3).		EO 03.16.20.01 closed post-secondary public schools Mar. 18-31, 2020 (Ex. SEC-15-039).	State: none; district mask rules (Atlanta, DeKalb, Fulton) (metro ATL); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Primary source read
HawaiiHI	DOE extended spring break through Mar. 27, 2020 (Mar. 16); Mar. 19: to Apr. 6; Mar. 24: to Apr. 30; Apr. 17, 2020: remainder of the year (distance learning) (BP1).		Public schools began Aug. 17, 2020 with four weeks online; DOH metrics Oct. 19, 2020; private schools under the Governor's proclamations and county tiers (BP2).	Requirement: statewide indoor mask order including schools under the emergency proclamations through Aug. 1, 2022 (BP3).			Statewide indoor mask order (schools included); Aug. 5 employee order; Safe Travels; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
IdahoID	State Board of Education ordered schools closed to students Mar. 24-Apr. 20, 2020 (Mar. 23); Apr. 6, 2020: closed for the remainder of the year with local reopening option after Apr. 20 (BP1).		State Board framework July 9, 2020 (categories; local) (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (BP3).	None.		Federal layer; local district rules (Boise); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
IllinoisIL	EO 2020-05 (Mar. 13, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-025): all public and private pre-K-12 schools closed Mar. 17-30; Mar. 20: to Apr. 7; EO 2020-18 (Mar. 31): to Apr. 30; Apr. 17, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		ISBE/IDPH Starting the 2020-21 School Year (June 23, 2020): face coverings required, gatherings capped at 50, screening (mandatory) (BP2); July 9, 2021 ISBE declaration requiring in-person learning for 2021-22 (BP3).	Requirement: EO 2021-18 (Aug. 4, 2021; SEC-15-026), EO 2021-20 (Aug. 26) and EO 2021-22 (Sept. 3; Ex. SEC-15-027); TRO Feb. 4, 2022 (Sangamon County); ended Feb. 28, 2022 (BP3).	EO 2021-20/2021-22: school personnel, higher-education staff and students first dose by Sept. 19, 2021 or weekly testing (Ex. SEC-15-027).	EO 2020-10 (Mar. 20, 2020) permitted educational institutions only for distance learning; EO 2021-20/22 (Aug.-Sept. 2021) vaccination-or-testing for higher education (BP3).	EO 2021-18 (Aug. 4); EO 2021-20 (Aug. 26); EO 2021-22 (Sept. 3): masks and staff/student vaccination-or-testing; Chicago's Aug. 20, 2021 mask order (metro CHI); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; HR; WF; CB	Primary source read
IndianaIN	EO 20-05 (Mar. 19, 2020): all schools closed until May 1; EO 20-16 (Apr. 2, 2020): remainder of the year (BP1).		Reopening permitted from July 1, 2020; statewide mask order (EO 20-37, July 24, 2020) applied to schools grade 3+; Aug. 3 modification; county-metric orders (EO 20-48 series) (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition; Sept. 1, 2021 EO exempting schools and day cares with consistent mask use from quarantine requirements (BP3).	None.		Sept. 1, 2021 quarantine-exemption order (conditions masking); IDOH quarantine rules; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
IowaIA	Mar. 15, 2020: Governor recommended four-week closure (districts complied); Apr. 2: ordered closed through Apr. 30; Apr. 17, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		June 25: reopening from July 1 (no mask requirement); Proclamation July 17, 2020: at least 50 percent in person (SEC-15-092); July 30 waiver rules; Jan. 29, 2021 law: full-time in-person option by Feb. 15, 2021 (BP2).	Prohibition: HF 847 (May 20, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-030); enjoined Sept. 13 and Oct. 8, 2021 (S.D. Iowa, Pratt, J.); narrowed Jan. 25, 2022; lifted May 16, 2022 (BP3).	None.		HF 847 (July 1-Sept. 13, 2021, then enjoined); about 20 districts with mask rules after Sept. 13; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
KansasKS	EO 20-07 (Mar. 17, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-057): all K-12 buildings, public or private, closed to in-person instruction from Mar. 23 until May 29, 2020 (BP1).		EO 20-58 (July 20, 2020; delay to Sept. 9) negated by the State Board's 5-5 vote July 21/22; EO 20-59 (July 20, 2020): face coverings in schools (SEC-15-092); KSDE color-level guidance Aug. 11; SB 63 (Apr. 5, 2021): full-time in-person (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (SB 40 of Mar. 2021 gave boards opt-outs) (BP3).	None.		County and district rules (Johnson, Wyandotte); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
KentuckyKY	Mar. 13, 2020: Governor's directive to close K-12 from Mar. 16 (every district complied); Mar. 20: to Apr. 20; Apr. 2: to May 1; Apr. 20, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).	CHFS order closed all licensed child care from Mar. 20, 2020 except limited-duration centers for health care workers.	Aug. 10: request to begin remote until Sept. 28; EO 2020-969 (Nov. 18, 2020; SEC-15-079): all public and private K-12 cease in-person Nov. 23; elementary Dec. 7 in non-red counties; middle/high through Jan. 4, 2021; Healthy at School mandatory Jan. 4, 2021; HB 208 (Mar. 4, 2021): two in-person days by Mar. 29 (BP2).	Requirement: EO 2021-585 (Aug. 10, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-080; schools, buses and child care), rescinded Aug. 23 after the Aug. 21 Kentucky Supreme Court decision; KBE emergency regulation continued school masks until SB 1 (Sept. 9, 2021) (BP3).	None.	Institutional.	EO 2021-585 (Aug. 10-23); KBE regulation (Aug. 12-Sept. 9); CHFS child care mask regulation (Aug.-Sept. 2021); Louisville/Lexington rules (metro SDF); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
LouisianaLA	Proclamation 27 JBE 2020 (Mar. 13, 2020): all K-12 closed until Apr. 13; Apr. 2: to Apr. 30; Apr. 13, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		BESE minimum standards (July 14, 2020): face coverings grades 3-12, group sizes by phase; 89 JBE 2020 (July 11, 2020) statewide masks (BP2).	Requirement: 137 JBE 2021 (Aug. 2, 2021; effective Aug. 4; Ex. SEC-15-074) statewide indoor masks including K-12 and colleges; 167 JBE 2021 (Sept. 1; Ex. SEC-15-075) renewal; lifted Oct. 26/27, 2021 except K-12 (opt-out on CDC quarantine compliance); ended Feb. 16, 2022 (BP3).	None (student vaccine requirement Dec. 14, 2021, post-period, withdrawn May 2022).	Covered by 137 JBE 2021's indoor mask mandate (Ex. SEC-15-074).	131 JBE 2021 (July 21; predicate); 137 JBE 2021 (Aug. 4-Sept. 1); 167 JBE 2021 (Sept. 1-29); BESE 2021-22 standards; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Primary source read
MaineME	Mar. 18, 2020: Governor recommended indefinite closure (local closures); Mar. 31: stay-at-home EO extended the statewide closure through Apr. 30; Apr. 7, 2020: recommended remainder of the year (BP1).		Maine DOE Framework (July 31, 2020): masks required for staff and students age 5+ (six requirements) (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (emergency ended June 30, 2021; universal masking recommended) (BP3).	None for schools (health care workers Aug. 12, 2021).	University of Maine System remote Mar. 2020.	Maine CDC school SOPs (guidance); local district rules; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
MarylandMD	State Superintendent Salmon ordered all schools closed Mar. 16-27, 2020 (Mar. 12); Mar. 25: to Apr. 24; Apr. 17: to May 15; May 6, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		Reopening plans due Aug. 14; Sept. 8, 2020 virtual reopening permitted; plans approved Sept. 22; Jan. 21 and Mar. 1, 2021 push to in-person (BP2).	Requirement: State Board of Education emergency regulation (Aug. 26, 2021; AELR approval Sept. 14; SEC-15-082); off-ramps Dec. 7, 2021; ended Mar. 1, 2022 (BP3).	None statewide (Montgomery County and Baltimore City by local action).		State Board regulation (Aug. 26/Sept. 14); Montgomery and Prince George's County rules (metro DCM); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
MassachusettsMA	Governor's order of Mar. 15, 2020 closing all public and private schools Mar. 17-Apr. 6; Mar. 25: to May 4; Apr. 21, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).	COVID-19 Order No. 9 (Mar. 18, 2020; SEC-15-054): all early education and care programs closed from Mar. 23 except Exempt Emergency Child Care Programs.	DESE guidance June 8 and 24/25, 2020: masks grade 2+, six-foot desks, classroom meals; May 17, 2021: high schools full-time in person required (BP2).	Requirement: DESE mask requirement (Board vote Aug. 24; Commissioner Aug. 25, 2021; SEC-15-081) through Oct. 1, extended to Nov. 1, Jan. 15 and Feb. 28, 2022 (BP3).	None statewide (Boston by local order).	COVID-19 Order No. 13 (Mar. 23, 2020) essential-services list reached campuses.	DESE requirement (Aug. 25); Boston and Cambridge orders (metro BOS); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
MichiganMI	EO 2020-05 (Mar. 13, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-048): all public, nonpublic and boarding school buildings closed to students Mar. 16-Apr. 5; EO 2020-21 (Mar. 23): to Apr. 13; EO 2020-35 (Apr. 2, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-051): remainder of the year; K-12 sports suspended for the duration of the emergency (BP1).	EO 2020-16 (Mar. 18, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-049): disaster relief child care centers without license for essential workers; LARA emergency rules; licensed centers open under EO 2020-51 conditions.	EO 2020-142 (June 30, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-052): Return to School Roadmap (Phases 1-3 no in-person; Phase 4 plans and masks); Aug. 20, 2020 legislation; MDHHS order Nov. 15, 2020 (SEC-15-078): high schools and colleges remote Nov. 18-Dec. 20 (BP2).	No statewide requirement.	None statewide.	MDHHS Nov. 15, 2020 order: colleges remote Nov. 18-Dec. 20, 2020 (BP2).	County school mask orders (Aug.-Sept. 2021); MDHHS Aug. 13, 2021 guidance (advisory); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Primary source read
MinnesotaMN	EO 20-02 (Mar. 15, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-020): all schools closed Mar. 18-27 (private schools 'encouraged'); EO 20-19 (Mar. 25): distance learning from Mar. 30 to early May; EO 20-41 (Apr. 23, 2020): remainder of the year (BP1).	Remained open; EO 20-02 directed schools to provide care for emergency workers' school-age children (Ex. SEC-15-020).	EO 20-82 (July 30, 2020; SEC-15-021): Safe Learning Plan, learning model by county case rate (under 9 per 10,000 to open fully); EO 20-81 masks; EO 20-99 (Nov. 18, 2020; SEC-15-022): youth sports paused Nov. 21-Dec. 18, extended to Jan. 4, 2021; Feb. 22, 2021: middle and high schools may return (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (peacetime emergency ended July 1, 2021) (BP3).	None.	EO 20-20 stay-at-home reached campuses; institutional remote.	State: none; Minneapolis and St. Paul rules (metro MSP; Jan. 2022 masks post-period); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
MississippiMS	Mar. 14, 2020: spring break extended; EO 1460 (Mar. 19, 2020): all public schools closed through Apr. 17; EO 1476 (recited as Apr. 22, 2020; announced Apr. 14): remainder of the year (SEC-15-093; Ex. SEC-15-058 recitals; BP1).		EO 1517 (Aug. 4, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-058): every person in a school building or classroom to wear a face covering; grades 7-12 delayed to Aug. 17 in eight counties; school masks continued into 2021 (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition.	None.		MSDH quarantine orders; district rules; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
MissouriMO	No statewide closure order; Mar. 19, 2020: all districts closed by local decision (DESE); Apr. 3: stay-at-home order extended closures through Apr. 24; Apr. 9, 2020: Governor closed schools for the remainder of the year (BP1).		DESE guidance July 14, 2020; decisions local (June 9) (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition.	None.		St. Louis City and County and Kansas City mask orders (metros STL, KC); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
MontanaMT	Governor's directive of Mar. 15, 2020: public K-12 closed Mar. 16-27; Mar. 24: to Apr. 10; Apr. 7: to Apr. 24; Apr. 22, 2020: closure order rescinded effective May 7 with local option to reopen (BP1).		July 2, 2020 guidance; decisions local (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition.	None (HB 702 barred vaccination-status requirements).		Local; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
NebraskaNE	Directed Health Measures: Apr. 1, 2020, Governor Ricketts directed all schools to operate without students through May 31, 2020 (after local closures from mid-March) (BP1).		NDE guidelines May 7, 2020; Aug. 3: decisions local (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (BP3).	None.		Local (Omaha, Lincoln-Lancaster County directed health measures, Aug. 2021); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
NevadaNV	Gov. Sisolak closed all schools Mar. 16-Apr. 6, 2020 (Mar. 15); Mar. 21: to Apr. 16; Apr. 1 stay-at-home: to Apr. 30; Apr. 22, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		Directive 022 (June 9, 2020): buildings and athletic facilities may reopen under plans; July 28, 2020 directive: masks for all K-12 staff and students, distancing of three feet (PK-8) and six feet (high school); May 1, 2021: local control (BP2).	Requirement: Aug. 4, 2021 directive (SEC-15-083): masks in public, private and charter schools in counties over 100,000; lifted Feb. 10, 2022 (BP3).		Directive 003 closed campuses to in-person instruction Mar. 2020.	Directive 047 (July 27, 2021; indoor masks in high-transmission counties) and the Aug. 4 school directive; NSHE mandate; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
New HampshireNH	Emergency Order #1 (Mar. 15, 2020; SEC-15-061): remote instruction Mar. 16-Apr. 3; Mar. 26 stay-at-home: to May 4; Apr. 16, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		July 14, 2020 guidance (local control); Aug. 13 outbreak rules; Feb. 19, 2021 order: two in-person days by Mar. 8; Apr. 1, 2021: full-time in person by Apr. 19 (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (BP3).	None.		Local; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
New JerseyNJ	EO 104 (Mar. 16, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-011): all public, private and parochial preschools and K-12 closed to students from Mar. 18; higher education ceased in-person instruction; Apr. 16: to at least May 15; May 4, 2020: remainder of the year (private schools to June 30) (BP1).	EO 110 (Mar. 25, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-012): emergency child care for essential persons only from Apr. 1; all other centers closed; EO 149 (May 30; Ex. SEC-15-013): reopening June 15 under DOH standards; camps July 6.	EO 175 (Aug. 13, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-014): in-person only under mandatory distancing and mask standards; remote where standards unmet; DOE Road Back (June 26); masks for students (Aug. 3) (BP2).	Requirement: EO 251 (Aug. 6, 2021, effective Aug. 9; Ex. SEC-15-015); child care masks Sept. 24, 2021 (EO 264); ended Mar. 7, 2022 (BP3).	EO 253 (Aug. 23, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-016): school staff vaccinated or tested weekly from Oct. 18, 2021; EO 264 (Sept. 20, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-017): child care staff from Nov. 1, 2021.	EO 104 para. 3 (cease in-person Mar. 18, 2020); EO 155 (June 18, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-018): restart from July 1 under mandatory standards; EO 175 (Aug. 13, 2020).	EO 251 (Aug. 9); EO 253 (Aug. 23); EO 264 (Sept. 20-24); EO 252 (health care); DOH child care standards; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; AD; CP; HR; OP; WF; CB	Primary source read
New MexicoNM	Public Health Order and PED directive of Mar. 12, 2020: schools closed three weeks from Mar. 16; Mar. 27, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		PED Reentry Guidance (June 23, 2020): masks required; no in-person before Sept. 7 (July 23); hybrid for elementary from Sept. 8; Jan. 4-15, 2021: in-person closed statewide; Jan. 18: reopening by transmission level; Mar. 9/Apr. 5, 2021: full in-person (BP2).	Requirement: PED/DOH order (Aug. 2021; SEC-15-036); extended Feb. 4, 2022; lifted Feb. 17, 2022 (BP3).		PHO stay-at-home (Mar. 23, 2020) required 100 percent remote work for non-essential workforce including universities.	Aug. 17, 2021 PHO (masks; staff); PED 2021-22 Toolkit (test-to-stay); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; HR; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
New YorkNY	EO 202.4 (Mar. 16, 2020; SEC-15-055): all schools closed from Mar. 18 for two weeks; Mar. 27: to Apr. 15; Apr. 6: to Apr. 29; Apr. 16: to May 15; May 1, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		NYSDOH Interim Guidance for In-Person Instruction (July 13, 2020) and the Governor's Aug. 7, 2020 authorization; masks; Oct. 30 red/orange-zone testing rule; Jan. 4, 2021 nine-percent rule (BP2).	Requirement: NYSDOH emergency regulation (Aug. 27, 2021; 10 NYCRR 2.60; SEC-15-087) for public and private P-12 schools; ended Mar. 3, 2022 (BP3).	NYSDOH regulation of Sept. 2, 2021: unvaccinated school personnel tested weekly (SEC-15-087); NYC DOHMH order Aug. 24, 2021: DOE staff vaccinated by Sept. 27 (Ex. SEC-15-037).	SUNY/CUNY remote from Mar. 19, 2020; in-person permitted only in Phase 4 regions from late June 2020 under mandatory guidance.	NYSDOH 2.60 (Aug. 27) and 2.62 (Sept. 2); NYC DOE order (Aug. 24); NYC Key to NYC (Aug. 17) for campus venues; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; HR; WF; CB	Primary source read
North CarolinaNC	EO 117 (Mar. 14, 2020): all public K-12 closed Mar. 16-30; EO 120 (Mar. 23): to May 15; Apr. 24, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		July 14, 2020: Plan B (hybrid) minimum with StrongSchoolsNC Toolkit requirements; Aug. 17 reopening; Sept. 17: Plan A for K-5 from Oct. 5; Feb. 2, 2021 guidance; SB 37 vetoed Feb. 26, 2021 (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition thereafter; SB 654 (Aug. 30, 2021) monthly board votes (BP3).	None statewide.		State school mask requirement July 1-30, 2021; Wake, Durham, Mecklenburg orders (metro CLT); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
North DakotaND	EO 2020-06 series: schools closed for one week from Mar. 16, 2020 (Mar. 15); Mar. 19: indefinitely; May 1, 2020: remainder of the year; May 11: summer programs from June 1 (BP1).		Local; State Health Officer Order 2020-08 (Nov. 13, 2020) face coverings statewide incl. schools to Jan. 18, 2021; EO 2020-43 (Nov. 16) suspended K-12 winter sports.	No statewide requirement or prohibition (HB 1323 of 2021 limited State mask mandates) (BP3).	None.		Local; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
OhioOH	ODH Director's Order of Mar. 14, 2020: all public and private K-12 closed Mar. 16 for three weeks; Mar. 30: to May 1; Second Amended Order (Apr. 29/30, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-077): closed to students until 11:59 p.m. June 30, 2020 (BP1).	Director's Order of Mar. 24, 2020: child care closed from Mar. 26 except ODJFS Pandemic Child Care licensees; Director's Order of May 31, 2020 (Ex. SEC-15-071): reopening under ODJFS emergency ratios and masks on employees.	July 2 guidelines; Director's Order of Aug. 13, 2020 (Ex. SEC-15-069): masks on all K-12 students, staff and child care settings, including school buses, effective Aug. 14; sports orders (July-Aug. 2020) (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (ODH orders rescinded June 2, 2021; HB 244) (BP3).	None.	Stay at Home (Mar. 22, 2020) reached campuses.	Local health district orders (Columbus, Cleveland, Cincinnati) (metros CMH, CLE, CIN); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
OklahomaOK	State Board of Education: schools closed Mar. 17-Apr. 6, 2020 (Mar. 16); Mar. 25, 2020: distance learning for the remainder of the year (BP1).		OSDE guidance June 3, 2020; local (BP2).	Prohibition: SB 658 (May 28, 2021; effective July 1; Ex. SEC-15-046); enjoined in part Sept. 1, 2021 (Oklahoma County District Court, Mai, J.) (BP3).	None; SB 658 barred school vaccination requirements.	SB 658 (vaccine passports at institutions) (Ex. SEC-15-046).	SB 658 (July 1-Sept. 1, 2021; then partly enjoined); district opt-out mask rules from Sept. 1; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; AD; WF; CB	Primary source read
OregonOR	EO 20-08 (Mar. 12, 2020): schools closed Mar. 16-31; EO 20-09 (Mar. 17, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-060): to Apr. 28 and higher-education in-person instruction limited; EO 20-20 (Apr. 8, 2020): remainder of the year (BP1).		Ready Schools, Safe Learners (June 10, 2020) with Operational Blueprints; metrics (July 28, 2020) mandatory until Jan. 1, 2021 (advisory thereafter); EO 21-06 (Mar. 12, 2021): in-person or hybrid by Mar. 29 (K-5) and Apr. 19 (6-12) (BP2).	Requirement: OHA OAR 333-019-1015 (Aug. 2, 2021; SEC-15-086); reissued Jan. 28, 2022; ended Mar. 12, 2022 (BP3).	OAR 333-019-1030 (Aug. 25, 2021): K-12 teachers and staff fully vaccinated by Oct. 18, 2021 (no test-out) (BP3; SEC-15-086).	EO 20-09 and EO 20-17 (to June 13, 2020); EO 20-28 (June 12, 2020) framework.	OAR 333-019-1015 (Aug. 2); OAR 333-019-1025 statewide indoor masks (Aug. 13); OAR 333-019-1030 (Aug. 25); OR-OSHA rule 437-001-0744 (K-12 provisions); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; HR; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
PennsylvaniaPA	Governor's order of Mar. 13, 2020: all K-12 closed from Mar. 16 for two weeks; Mar. 23: to Apr. 8; Mar. 30: indefinitely; Apr. 9, 2020: remainder of the year; Act 13 of 2020 (Mar. 27).	Mar. 16, 2020 directive: certified child care centers and group homes closed from midnight Mar. 16 except OCDEL waiver programs serving essential workers; phased reopening from May 2020.	PDE county-metric guidance (Aug. 10, 2020); Secretary of Health's July 1, 2020 mask order applied to schools (Aug. 19); Nov. 23, 2020 attestation requirement for substantial-transmission counties (bundled).	Requirement: Acting Secretary of Health's Order Directing Face Coverings in School Entities (Aug. 31, 2021; effective Sept. 7; SEC-15-028), covering public and private K-12, early learning and child care; held void Nov. 10, 2021 (Commonwealth Court), affirmed Dec. 10, 2021 (Pa.) (BP3).	None statewide (Philadelphia by Board of Health regulation).	Mar. 19, 2020 life-sustaining list: colleges and universities may not continue physical operations.	Aug. 31 school order (Sept. 7); Philadelphia Board of Health regulations (Aug. 12, 2021) (metro PHL); Act 21 of 2021 continuations to Sept. 30, 2021; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
Rhode IslandRI	Governor's order of Mar. 13, 2020 moving spring break to Mar. 16-20; RIDE closure through Apr. 3; Mar. 30: to Apr. 30; Apr. 23, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		Aug. 12: start delayed to Sept. 14; Aug. 31: all districts but Providence and Central Falls may open in person; Jan. 7-15, 2021 staggered reopening (BP2).	Requirement: EO 21-87 (Aug. 19, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-035) through Sept. 18, renewed to Mar. 4, 2022 (BP3).	None for schools (health care workers Oct. 1, 2021).		EO 21-87 (Aug. 19) and renewals; RIDOH school protocol; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
South CarolinaSC	EO 2020-09 (Mar. 15, 2020): all K-12 closed Mar. 16-31; Mar. 24: to Apr. 30; Apr. 22, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		AccelerateED (June 22); July 31, 2020: Superintendent required masks in public school facilities for staff and students grades 2-12; Apr. 22/26, 2021 law: five-day in-person (BP2).	Prohibition: Proviso 1.108 (2021-22 Appropriations Act; SEC-15-089); upheld Sept. 2, 2021 (S.C.); enjoined Sept. 28, 2021 (D.S.C., Lewis, J.); masks on school buses required from Aug. 30, 2021 (BP3).	None.	Institutional.	Proviso 1.108 (July 1-Sept. 28, 2021); SCDE bus mask requirement (Aug. 30); Columbia and Richland County school mask ordinances (Aug. 2021); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
South DakotaSD	EO 2020-04 (Mar. 13, 2020) and Mar. 17 announcement: schools closed through Mar. 27; Mar. 24: to May 1; Apr. 6, 2020 (EO 2020-12): remainder of the year.		Starting Well 2020 guidance (June 2020); July 28: schools to open (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (BP3).	None.		Federal layer only; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
TennesseeTN	Mar. 16, 2020: Governor urged all schools to close by Mar. 20 through Mar. 31 (all complied); Mar. 25: to Apr. 24; Apr. 15, 2020: recommended remainder of the year (BP1).		Guidance June 8 and July 28, 2020; Aug. 12: masks encouraged for grades 6-12; local (BP2).	Prohibition (opt-out): EO 84 (Aug. 16-Oct. 5, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-050); enjoined in Shelby County Sept. 3, 2021 and in Knox and Williamson Counties in September; extended by EO 89 (Sept. 30); blocked statewide Dec. 10, 2021 (BP3).	None.		EO 84 (Aug. 16) with the three federal injunctions; Shelby County Health Department school mask directive (Aug. 2021) (metro BNA); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
TexasTX	GA-08 (Mar. 19, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-070): 'schools shall temporarily close' Mar. 20-Apr. 3; GA-14 (Mar. 31): to May 4; GA-16 (Apr. 17, 2020): remainder of the year (BP1).	HHSC emergency rules (Mar. 2020) limited licensed child care to essential workers' children and imposed screening and group rules.	TEA Public Health Planning Guidance (July 7, 2020; SEC-15-090): on-campus instruction with masks; remote option; up to eight weeks remote without funding loss (July 17) (BP2).	Prohibition: GA-34 (Mar. 2, 2021) ended the State mandate; GA-36 (May 18, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-029): TEA mask policies end June 4, 2021; GA-38 (July 29, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-047): no governmental entity including school districts may require masks; Bexar and Dallas County TROs Aug. 10; Texas Supreme Court stays Aug. 15 and 26; E.T. v. Paxton (W.D. Tex.) Nov. 10, 2021; Fifth Circuit Dec. 1, 2021 (BP3).	None.	GA-38 para. 3(e): private schools and institutions of higher education 'encouraged' to follow TEA standards (Ex. SEC-15-047).	GA-36/GA-38 regime with the August 2021 county and district defiance and litigation; TEA Aug. 19, 2021 non-enforcement notice; Harris, Dallas, Bexar and Travis County orders (metros HOU, DFW, SAT, AUS); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
UtahUT	Governor and State Board: soft closure of all schools from Mar. 16, 2020 for two weeks (Mar. 13); Mar. 23: to May 1; Apr. 14, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		State Board reopening plan approved June 29, 2020; Utah Department of Health order July 20, 2020: face coverings in all public and private K-12 schools (SEC-15-092) (BP2).	Prohibition (conditional): HB 1007 (May 2021; Ex. SEC-15-031): school mask rules only by county-approved local health orders.	None.		HB 1007 framework; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Primary source read
VermontVT	Governor's directive of Mar. 15, 2020: all K-12 closed Mar. 18-Apr. 6 (child care for essential persons only); Addendum 1 (Mar. 16, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-062): gatherings capped at 50; Mar. 26, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		A Strong and Healthy Start (June 17, 2020) mandatory health guidance; start delayed to Sept. 8; step 3 (interscholastic competition) Sept. 26, 2020 (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (emergency ended June 15, 2021; masking advisory) (BP3).	None.		Advisory only; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
VirginiaVA	Mar. 13, 2020: all K-12 closed two weeks from Mar. 16; EO 53 (Mar. 23, 2020; Ex. SEC-15-056): cessation of all in-person instruction at K-12 schools, public and private, for the remainder of the year (BP1).	EO 53 para. 2: child care facilities may remain open (urged to serve essential personnel); VDSS emergency guidance (Ex. SEC-15-056).	Phased guidance June 9, 2020 (Phase Three: all students under mitigation); VDOLI 16VAC25-220 (July 27, 2020) applied to schools; SB 1303 (2021) in-person requirement (BP2).	Requirement: 2020-21 K-12 mandate expired July 25, 2021; rescinded Jan. 15, 2022 (EO 2); statutory ban Mar. 1, 2022 (BP3).	None statewide (State employees Aug. 5, 2021).		K-12 mask mandate to July 25; 16VAC25-220 permanent standard; Fairfax, Arlington, Alexandria rules (metro DCM); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Primary source read
WashingtonWA	Proclamations 20-08 and 20-09 (Mar. 13, 2020; SEC-15-041): all public and private K-12 closed Mar. 17-Apr. 24; 20-09.1 (Apr. 6, 2020): remainder of the year; Proclamation 20-12 (Mar. 20, 2020; SEC-15-042): higher-education in-person instruction prohibited.		OSPI guidance June 11, 2020 (masks required); Dec. 16 non-binding decision tree; Mar. 15, 2021 proclamation: at least 30 percent in-person weekly for all K-12 by Apr. 19, 2021 (BP2).	Requirement: Proclamation 20-9.4 (July 30, 2021; SEC-15-085) and DOH K-12 requirements; Secretary of Health Order 20-03.4 (Aug. 23, 2021) statewide indoor masks; ended Mar. 12, 2022 (BP3).	Proclamation 21-14.1 (Aug. 20, 2021; Ex. SEC-15-043): all workers in child care, K-12 and higher education fully vaccinated by Oct. 18, 2021 (no test-out).	Proclamation 20-12 series (Mar. 20, 2020) through 20-12.4 (July 12, 2021); 21-14.1 (Aug. 20, 2021).	20-12.4 (July 12); 20-9.4 (July 30); 21-14.1 (Aug. 20); Secretary of Health mask order (Aug. 23); King County orders (metro SEA); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; HR; WF; CB	Primary source read
West VirginiaWV	EO 2-20 (Mar. 13, 2020): all pre-K-12 closed indefinitely; Mar. 25: through Apr. 17; Apr. 1: to Apr. 30; Apr. 21, 2020: remainder of the year (BP1).		Aug. 14, 2020 color-coded county map: red and orange counties fully remote; reopening Sept. 8; Thanksgiving closure to Dec. 3; Jan. 19, 2021: pre-K-8 in person or hybrid; Mar. 24, 2021: all schools five days (BP2).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (BP3).	None.		Local; CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
WisconsinWI	Emergency Order #1 (Mar. 13, 2020): all K-12 closed Mar. 18-Apr. 5; Mar. 17: indefinitely; Emergency Order #12 (Mar. 24): through the order's duration; Emergency Order #28 (Apr. 16, 2020): remainder of the year (upheld as to schools in Wisconsin Legislature v. Palm, 2020 WI 42, May 13, 2020).		DPI guidance June 22, 2020; statewide face-covering Emergency Order #1 (Aug. 1, 2020) applied to schools until Fabick v. Evers (Mar. 31, 2021).	No statewide requirement or prohibition.	None.		Dane County and Milwaukee rules (metro MKE); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
WyomingWY	Mar. 15, 2020 recommendation; State Health Officer Order No. 1 (Mar. 19/20, 2020): schools, colleges and child care facilities closed through Apr. 3; Mar. 27: to Apr. 17; Apr. 3: to Apr. 30; Apr. 29: to May 15; reopening permitted May 15, 2020 with plans.	Order No. 1 closed child care facilities (with small-group exceptions) Mar. 20-Apr. 30, 2020.	WDE guidance July 1, 2020 (district plans for traditional, hybrid and remote scenarios).	No statewide requirement or prohibition (BP3).	None.	Order No. 1 closed colleges Mar. 20, 2020.	Local (Laramie County School District rules); CDC conveyance order.	IN; RL; EC; TR; FS; AC; CP; WF; CB	Confirmed from a secondary source
District of ColumbiaDC	No verified sector-specific instrument is indexed for this State in this table. The State's general orders are in the Library under the State's own page.

Sector instruments in the Library

The 83 instruments filed under this industry's own sector: regulators' rules and orders, federal directives aimed at it, and the context documents that describe them, in date order. The first 80 are listed here; open the full list in the Library to filter by type and quarter, or download the exhibits.

Exhibit	Instrument	Issuer	Date	Types	Quarters
Ex. SEC-15-004	SEVP Broadcast Message 2003-01: COVID-19 and Potential Procedural Adaptations for F and M nonimmigrant studentsBroadcast Message: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Potential Procedural Adaptations for F and M nonimmigrant students	U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP)	Mar. 13, 2020	Travel and quarantineOther	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-062	Addendum 1 to Executive Order 01-20Amendment of Section 6 of Executive Order 01-20: non-essential mass gatherings limited to the lesser of 50 people or 50 percent of occupancy	Governor Philip B. Scott	Mar. 16, 2020	Gathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-032	Executive Order No. 7CProtection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic and Response - Cancellation of School Classes, Extension of Deadlines…	Governor Ned Lamont	Mar. 17, 2020	Schools and child careCourts and public offices	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-011	Executive Order No. 104 (2020)Aggressive social distancing measures to mitigate further spread of COVID-19 (closure of schools and institutions of higher education…	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Mar. 18, 2020	Business closureGathering capSchools and child careCurfew and hours	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-055	Executive Order 202.4 (Mar. 16, 2020; all schools closed from Mar. 18 for two weeks), extended by EO 202.11 (Mar. 27), 202.18 (Apr. 16) and the May 1, 2020 direction closing schools for the remainder of the yearExecutive Order 202.4	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	Mar. 18, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-093	Executive Order 1460 (Mar. 19, 2020: all public schools closed through Apr. 17, 2020) and Executive Order 1476 (recited as Apr. 22, 2020: all public school buildings closed for the remainder of the 2019-20 academic year)Mississippi school closure orders of 2020 (EO 1460; EO 1476)	Governor Tate Reeves	Mar. 19, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-042	Proclamation 20-12 (Higher Education) and its amendments 20-12.1 through 20-12.5 (including 20-12.4 of July 12, 2021)COVID-19 Higher Education	Governor Jay Inslee	Mar. 20, 2020	Business closureSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-070	Executive Order GA-08Relating to COVID-19 preparedness and mitigation (social gatherings; bars and restaurants; gyms; nursing home visits; school closures)	Governor Greg Abbott	Mar. 20, 2020	Business closureGathering capSchools and child careHealth care orders	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-056	Executive Order 53Temporary Restrictions on Restaurants, Recreational, Entertainment, Gatherings, Non-Essential Retail Businesses, and Closure of K-12 Schools…	Governor Ralph S. Northam	Mar. 24, 2020	Business closureGathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-012	Executive Order No. 110 (2020)Emergency child care for essential persons; closure of child care centers that do not certify	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Mar. 27, 2020	Business closureSchools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-020	Emergency Executive Order 20-02Authorizing and Directing the Commissioner of Education to Temporarily Close Schools to Plan for a Safe Educational Environment	Governor Tim Walz	Mar. 27, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-025	Executive Order 2020-05 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 3)Executive Order in Response to COVID-19 (closure of all public and private pre-K-12 schools)	Governor JB Pritzker	Mar. 30, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-039	Executive Order 03.16.20.01School Closures to Stop Spread of COVID-19	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Mar. 31, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-051	Executive Order 2020-35Provision of K-12 education during the remainder of the 2019-2020 school year	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	Apr. 2, 2020	Schools and child careEvents and venues	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-061	Emergency Order #1 pursuant to Executive Order 2020-04 (temporary remote instruction and support for public K-12 schools)Emergency Order #1	Governor Christopher T. Sununu	Apr. 3, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-048	Executive Order 2020-05Temporary prohibition on large assemblages and events, temporary school closures	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	Apr. 5, 2020	Gathering capSchools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-049	Executive Order 2020-16Expanding child care access during the COVID-19 emergency (disaster relief child care centers)	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	Apr. 15, 2020	Schools and child careOther	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-076	Executive Order D 2020 007Ordering Suspension of Normal In-Person Instruction at All Public and Private Elementary and Secondary Schools in the State of Colorado Due…	Governor Jared Polis	Apr. 17, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-041	Proclamation 20-09 (Statewide K-12 School Closures), as amended by 20-09.1 (Apr. 6, 2020; remainder of the school year)Coronavirus Schools Closure	Governor Jay Inslee	Apr. 24, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-060	Executive Order No. 20-09Closure of K-12 schools through April 28, 2020; restrictions on in-person instruction at institutions of higher education	Governor Kate Brown	Apr. 28, 2020	Business closureSchools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-057	Executive Order No. 20-07Temporarily closing K-12 schools to slow the spread of COVID-19	Governor Laura Kelly	May 29, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-071	Director's Order that Reopens Facilities Providing Child Care Services, with Exceptions (rescinding the Director's Order of March 24, 2020 that closed facilities providing child care services)Director's Order that Reopens Facilities Providing Child Care Services, with Exceptions	Director of Health Amy Acton, M.D., M.P.H., Ohio Department of Health	May 31, 2020	Business closureFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-013	Executive Order No. 149 (2020)Reopening of child care centers (June 15, 2020) and youth summer camps (July 6, 2020) under DOH COVID-19 Child Care and Youth Summer Camp…	Governor Philip D. Murphy	June 15, 2020	Schools and child careEvents and venuesWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-15-019	Executive Order 2020-412020-2021 School Year: Prioritizing Kids and Schools During COVID-19	Governor Douglas A. Ducey	June 24, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-15-001	School responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic during the 2019-2020 academic year (State-by-State closure chronology)School responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic during the 2019-2020 academic year	Ballotpedia (Lucy Burns Institute)	June 30, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-052	Executive Order 2020-142 (MI Safe Schools: Michigan's 2020-21 Return to School Roadmap)Provision of preK-12 education for the 2020-2021 school year	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	June 30, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-15-077	Second Amended Order the Closure of All K-12 Schools in the State of Ohio (following the Director's Orders of March 14 and March 30, 2020)Director's Order: Second Amended Order the Closure of All K-12 Schools in the State of Ohio	Director of Health Amy Acton, M.D., M.P.H., Ohio Department of Health	June 30, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-018	Executive Order No. 155 (2020)Resumption of in-person instruction and on-campus operations at institutions of higher education and training schools from July 1, 2020…	Governor Philip D. Murphy	July 1, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2020 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-005	SEVP Broadcast Message 2007-01: COVID-19 and Fall 2020Broadcast Message: COVID-19 and Fall 2020	ICE SEVP	July 6, 2020	Travel and quarantineOther	2020 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-090	TEA Public Health Planning Guidance for the 2020-21 school year (July 7, 2020; on-campus instruction with masks required; parental choice of remote; attendance-funding flexibility of July 14-17, 2020 for up to eight weeks of remote instruction), and the Aug. 5 and Aug. 19, 2021 public health guidance (mask provision not enforced during the GA-38 litigation)TEA SY 2020-21 Public Health Planning Guidance and 2021-22 updates	Texas Education Agency (Commissioner Mike Morath)	July 7, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-006	Holding On Until Help Comes: A Survey Reveals Child Care's Fight to Survive (survey of more than 5,000 child care providers)Holding On Until Help Comes	National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)	July 13, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-15-053	COVID-19 Industry Guidance: Schools and School-Based Programs (July 17, 2020)COVID-19 Industry Guidance: Schools and School-Based Programs	California Department of Public Health (with Cal/OSHA), under the Governor's July 17, 2020 framework	July 17, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-15-092	The July 17-20, 2020 fall-opening orders of Kansas, Utah and Iowa (grouped record)Kansas EO 20-59; Utah UDOH K-12 face-covering order; Iowa Proclamation of July 17, 2020	Governor Laura Kelly (KS EO 20-59, July 20, 2020: face coverings in schools); Utah Department of Health (State Public Health Order of July 20, 2020: face coverings in all public and private K-12 schools); Governor Kim Reynolds (Iowa Proclamation of July 17, 2020: at least half of instruction in person)	July 20, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-021	Emergency Executive Order 20-82 (Safe Learning Plan for the 2020-21 school year)Implementing a Safe Learning Plan for the 2020-21 School Year	Governor Tim Walz	July 30, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-058	Executive Order No. 1517Face coverings in schools; delayed start of the 2020-21 year for grades 7-12 in eight counties	Governor Tate Reeves	Aug. 4, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-15-014	Executive Order No. 175 (2020)Reopening of schools for the 2020-2021 school year under mandatory health and safety standards; remote instruction where standards cannot be…	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Aug. 13, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-069	Director's Order Requiring the Use of Facial Coverings in Child Education Settings	Interim Director of Health Lance D. Himes, Ohio Department of Health	Aug. 14, 2020	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-091	DOE Emergency Order No. 2020-EO-06 (July 6, 2020): all school boards and charter school governing boards to open brick-and-mortar schools at least five days per week for all students in August 2020, subject to DOH advice; Florida Education Ass'n v. DeSantis (Leon County Cir. Ct. temporary injunction Aug. 24, 2020; stayed by the First District Court of Appeal Aug. 28, 2020)DOE Emergency Order 2020-EO-06	Florida Department of Education (Commissioner Richard Corcoran)	Aug. 31, 2020	Schools and child care	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-078	MDHHS Emergency Order: Gatherings and Face Mask Order of November 15, 2020 (in-person instruction at high schools and colleges suspended Nov. 18-Dec. 8, 2020; extended Dec. 7 to Dec. 20, 2020)Gatherings and Face Mask Order (Nov. 15, 2020)	Director Robert Gordon, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services	Nov. 18, 2020	Business closureGathering capSchools and child careEvents and venues	2020 Q4
Ex. SEC-15-079	Executive Order 2020-969 (all public and private K-12 schools to cease in-person instruction Nov. 23, 2020; elementary schools may reopen Dec. 7 in non-red counties; middle and high schools remote through Jan. 4, 2021)Executive Order 2020-969	Governor Andy Beshear	Nov. 23, 2020	Business closureSchools and child care	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-15-007	Current Term Enrollment Estimates: Fall 2020Current Term Enrollment Estimates Fall 2020	National Student Clearinghouse Research Center	Dec. 17, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-15-022	Emergency Executive Order 20-99 (Four Week Dial Back), as extended by EO 20-103 (Dec. 16, 2020)Implementing a Four Week Dial Back on Certain Activities to Slow the Spread of COVID-19 (organized youth and adult sports paused)	Governor Tim Walz	Dec. 18, 2020	Business closureGathering capEvents and venues	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-15-029	Executive Order GA-36Relating to the prohibition of governmental entities and officials from mandating face coverings or restricting activities in response to…	Governor Greg Abbott	May 18, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-031	H.B. 1007, Face Covering Requirements (2021 First Special Session)Face Covering Requirements	Utah Legislature, 2021 First Special Session; Governor Spencer Cox (signed)	May 19, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-030	House File 847 (2021), Division on facial covering policies (counties, cities and schools), new Iowa Code section 280.31An Act relating to education, including... facial covering policies	Iowa General Assembly (89th G.A.); Governor Kim Reynolds (signed)	May 20, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-002	School responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic during the 2020-2021 academic year (State reopening regimes, mid-year closures, return orders, monthly status)School responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic during the 2020-2021 academic year	Ballotpedia	June 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careEvents and venues	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-15-046	Senate Bill 658 (2021), enrolledAn Act relating to schools; prohibiting... vaccination requirements, vaccine passports and mask mandates for unvaccinated students absent a…	Oklahoma Legislature (58th Leg.); Governor Kevin Stitt (signed)	July 1, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careVaccination or testingOther	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-089	Proviso 1.108 (no school district may use appropriated funds to require students or staff to wear face masks); upheld by the South Carolina Supreme Court Sept. 2, 2021 (City of Columbia); enforcement enjoined Sept. 28, 2021 (Disability Rights South Carolina v. McMaster)Proviso 1.108 (school mask-mandate funding ban)	South Carolina General Assembly (2021-22 Appropriations Act, H. 4100, Proviso 1.108); U.S. District Court for the District of South Carolina (Lewis, J.)	July 1, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-024	COVID-19 Public Health Guidance for K-12 Schools in California, 2021-22 School Year (originally published July 12, 2021)COVID-19 Public Health Guidance for K-12 Schools in California, 2021-22 School Year	California Department of Public Health	July 12, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-038	Proclamation Number 131 JBE 2021COVID-19 Public Health Emergency - Mitigation Measures (renewal of the public health emergency; Phase 3 mitigation measures continued)	Governor John Bel Edwards	July 21, 2021	Emergency declarationWorkplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-045	Act 1002 of 2021 (SB 590)An Act to Prohibit the Mandatory Use of Face Masks, Face Shields, or Other Face Coverings	Arkansas General Assembly (93rd G.A.); Governor Asa Hutchinson (signed)	July 28, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-047	Executive Order GA-38Relating to the continued response to the COVID-19 disaster (consolidation of GA-34, GA-35, GA-36; no governmental mask mandates; no vaccine…	Governor Greg Abbott	July 29, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careVaccination or testingOther	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-040	Executive Order 21-175Ensuring Parents' Freedom to Choose - Masks in Schools	Governor Ron DeSantis	July 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-085	Proclamation 20-9.4 (July 30, 2021): K-12 schools prohibited from operating outside the Department of Health's K-12 requirements (universal indoor masking, distancing, ventilation, testing and reporting) for 2021-22Proclamation 20-9.4 (K-12 Schools, 2021-22)	Governor Jay Inslee	July 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-086	OAR 333-019-1015 (Aug. 2, 2021; masking requirements for K-12 schools, public and private) and OAR 333-019-1030 (Aug. 25, 2021; COVID-19 vaccination requirement for teachers and school staff by Oct. 18, 2021)OHA temporary rules: K-12 masking (333-019-1015) and school staff vaccination (333-019-1030)	Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division	Aug. 2, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-026	Executive Order 2021-18 (masks in all public and nonpublic P-12 schools), followed by EO 2021-20 (Aug. 26, 2021; statewide indoor masks; school and higher-education vaccination-or-testing)Executive Order 2021-18	Governor JB Pritzker	Aug. 4, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-074	Proclamation Number 137 JBE 2021COVID-19 Public Health Emergency - Mitigation Measures - Statewide Mask Mandate	Governor John Bel Edwards	Aug. 4, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-083	Emergency Directive 048 (Aug. 4, 2021; face coverings for staff and students in public, private and charter schools in counties over 100,000 population) as amended the same dayEmergency Directive 048	Governor Steve Sisolak	Aug. 4, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-033	Executive Order No. 13ARevised Order for Masks and Face Coverings, Nursing Home Staff Vaccination (repealing EO 12A; universal masking in schools continued through…	Governor Ned Lamont	Aug. 5, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-044	Emergency Rule 64DER21-12, Protocols for Controlling COVID-19 in School SettingsProtocols for Controlling COVID-19 in School Settings	Florida Department of Health (State Surgeon General)	Aug. 6, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careQuarantine and isolation	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-015	Executive Order No. 251 (2021)Mandatory face masks in the indoor premises of all public, private and parochial preschool programs and elementary and secondary schools for…	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Aug. 9, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-080	Executive Order 2021-585State of Emergency: face coverings in all public and private preschool, Head Start and K-12 schools (including school buses) and in all…	Governor Andy Beshear	Aug. 10, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-023	State Public Health Officer Order of August 11, 2021 (Vaccine Verification for Workers in Schools)Vaccine Verification for Workers in Schools	State Public Health Officer (Tomas J. Aragon, M.D.), California Department of Public Health	Aug. 12, 2021	Workplace rulesVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-050	Executive Order No. 84An Order Regarding Mask Requirements in Schools (parental opt-out)	Governor Bill Lee	Aug. 16, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-067	Emergency Secretary's Order amending 16 Del. Admin. Code 4202 (Control of Communicable and Other Disease Conditions), adding section 7.7 (COVID-19 Mitigation and Prevention; 7.7.1 Schools) and section 12 (severability)Emergency Order: 16 Del. Admin. Code 4202, section 7.7 (universal indoor masking in K-12 schools)	Secretary, Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (Molly Magarik), with the Division of Public Health	Aug. 16, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-068	Emergency Orders adding mask requirements to 14 Del. Admin. Code 933 (Early Care and Education and School-Age Centers), 934 (Family and Large Family Child Care Homes), 938 (Youth Camps, new section 5.3), 815 and 105 (published 25 Del. Reg. 227-244, Sept. 1, 2021)OCCL emergency mask orders for child care and youth camps	Delaware Department of Education, Office of Child Care Licensing	Aug. 16, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-043	Proclamation 21-14.1 (COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement, amending 21-14)COVID-19 Vax Washington Amendment (State agency workers, Educational Settings, Health Care Providers)	Governor Jay Inslee	Aug. 18, 2021	Workplace rulesVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-035	Executive Order 21-87Requiring Masks in Schools	Governor Daniel J. McKee	Aug. 19, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-081	DESE mask requirement for all public K-12 students, staff and visitors for 2021-22 (issued Aug. 25, 2021; extended Sept. 27, Oct. 26, 2021 and Jan. 10, 2022)DESE universal mask requirement (Aug. 25, 2021)	Commissioner of Elementary and Secondary Education Jeffrey C. Riley, under authority voted by the Board of Elementary and Secondary Education Aug. 24, 2021	Aug. 25, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-027	Executive Order 2021-22 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 87)Executive Order 2021-22: face coverings; vaccination and testing requirements for health care workers, school personnel and higher education…	Governor JB Pritzker	Aug. 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-010	PSS 2019-20, Table: Number of private schools, students, full-time equivalent (FTE) teachers, and 2018-19 high school graduates, by stateNumber of private schools, students, full-time equivalent (FTE) teachers, and 2018-19 high school graduates, by state: United States…	U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Private School Universe Survey	Sept. 1, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-15-075	Proclamation Number 167 JBE 2021COVID-19 Public Health Emergency - Mitigation Measures - Statewide Mask Mandate (renewal after Hurricane Ida)	Governor John Bel Edwards	Sept. 1, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-087	Emergency regulations: 10 NYCRR 2.60 (Aug. 27, 2021; universal masking in all public and private P-12 schools) and 10 NYCRR 2.62 (Sept. 2, 2021; weekly testing of unvaccinated school personnel)NYSDOH emergency regulations 2.60 and 2.62	New York State Department of Health (Commissioner Howard Zucker, M.D., on direction of Governor Kathy Hochul)	Sept. 2, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-028	Order of the Acting Secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Health Directing Face Coverings in School EntitiesOrder Directing Face Coverings in School Entities (public and private K-12 schools, brick-and-mortar and cyber charter schools, early…	Acting Secretary of Health Alison Beam, Pennsylvania Department of Health	Sept. 7, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-082	Emergency regulation COMAR 13A.01.07 (universal masking in all public schools), adopted Aug. 26, 2021; approved by the AELR Committee Sept. 14, 2021COMAR 13A.01.07 emergency regulation (school masks)	Maryland State Board of Education	Sept. 14, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child care	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-017	Executive Order No. 264 (2021)Vaccination or testing requirement for child care center workers (effective Nov. 1, 2021); mandatory face masks in child care centers and…	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Sept. 24, 2021	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-034	Executive Order No. 13DVaccinations Required for State Employees, School Employees and Childcare Facility Staff	Governor Ned Lamont	Sept. 27, 2021	Workplace rulesVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-037	Order of the Commissioner of Health and Mental Hygiene to Require COVID-19 Vaccination for Department of Education Employees, Contractors, and Others	Commissioner of Health and Mental Hygiene (Dave A. Chokshi, M.D.)	Sept. 27, 2021	Workplace rulesVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-088	A.R.S. 15-342.05 (prohibiting school districts and charter schools from requiring face coverings), effective Sept. 29, 2021; held unconstitutional Sept. 27, 2021 (Arizona School Boards Ass'n v. State, Maricopa County Superior Court), affirmed Nov. 2, 2021 (Ariz.)HB 2898 school mask-mandate prohibition and its invalidation	Arizona Legislature (HB 2898, budget reconciliation, signed June 30, 2021); Maricopa County Superior Court (Cooper, J.)	Sept. 29, 2021	Face-covering requirementSchools and child careOther	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-15-016	Executive Order No. 253 (2021)Vaccination or testing requirement for all workers in preschool programs and elementary and secondary schools	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Oct. 18, 2021	Workplace rulesVaccination or testing	2021 Q3

Third quarter of 2021: the instruments in force

The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute. The record shows these instruments in force on this industry's functions between July 1 and September 30, 2021; an order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it, and the State, metropolitan and federal layers on the quarter page add to the list.

In force, July 1 – Sept. 30, 2021

SEC-15-024 (CA CDPH K-12 universal masking, July 12, 2021)
SEC-15-023 (CA CDPH school-worker vaccine verification, Aug. 11, 2021; compliance Oct. 15)
SEC-15-043 (WA Proclamation 21-14.1, Aug. 20, 2021.
WA Proclamation 20-9.4 (July 30, 2021) and 20-12.4 (July 12, 2021) as recited in SEC-15-043
SEC-15-074 (LA 137 JBE 2021, Aug. 2, effective Aug. 4-Sept. 1, 2021)
SEC-15-075 (LA 167 JBE 2021, renewal, Sept. 1, 2021)
SEC-15-027 (IL EO 2021-22, Sept. 3, 2021; school personnel first dose by Sept. 19 or weekly testing; statewide indoor masks from Aug. 30)
SEC-15-033 (CT EO 13A, Aug. 5, 2021)
SEC-15-034 (CT EO 13D, Aug. 19, 2021; school and child care staff by Sept. 27)
SEC-15-015 (NJ EO 251, Aug. 6, 2021, effective Aug. 9)
SEC-15-016 (NJ EO 253, Aug. 23, 2021; Oct. 18 compliance)
SEC-15-017 (NJ EO 264, Sept. 20, 2021; child-care masks Sept. 24; staff Nov. 1)
SEC-15-080 (KY EO 2021-585, Aug. 10-23, 2021) and 702 KAR 1:195E (Aug. 12-Sept. 9, 2021)
SEC-15-067 (DE 16 Del. Admin. Code 4202 sec. 7.7, effective Aug. 16, 2021)
SEC-15-035 (RI EO 21-87, Aug. 19-Sept. 18, 2021, renewed)
SEC-15-037 (NYC DOHMH order, Aug. 24, 2021; DOE staff by Sept. 27)
NY DOH emergency regulations of Aug. 27 (school masks) and Sept. 2, 2021 (staff testing) (secondary)
MA DESE mask requirement (Aug. 25, 2021) (secondary)
MD State Board of Education emergency regulation (Aug. 26, 2021) (secondary)
NM PED/DOH school mask requirement (Aug. 2021) (secondary)
HI statewide indoor mask order including schools (secondary)
SEC-15-047 (TX GA-38, July 29, 2021) and SEC-15-029 (GA-36) as the Texas school regime, with the August 2021 litigation
SEC-15-050 (TN EO 84, Aug. 16-Oct. 5, 2021)
SEC-15-045 (AR Act 1002; TRO Aug. 6, 2021)
SEC-15-030 (IA HF 847; enjoined Sept. 13, 2021)
SEC-15-046 (OK SB 658; enjoined in part Sept. 1, 2021)
SEC-15-031 (UT HB 1007)
AZ A.R.S. 15-342.05 (HB 2898; effective Sept. 29, 2021; held unconstitutional Sept. 27, 2021) and SC Proviso 1.108 (enjoined Sept. 28, 2021) (secondary)
SEVP COVID-19 guidance for F and M students (continuing students; SEC-15-004 as the base instrument)
State communicable-disease quarantine and isolation rules applied to exposed students and staff

The third quarter of 2021 across every State, and this industry's quarter analysis.

Group meetings, trade shows and seasons disrupted

The organizers' own notices of the trade shows, conventions, conferences and seasons of this industry that the orders cancelled, postponed or moved online: 42 notices, each graded and sourced. The Suspension Clause names “group meetings” in terms.

Date	Grade	Exhibit and source
Nov. 19, 2019	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-042 · Source
Feb. 18, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-041 · Source
Mar. 6, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-016 Open · Source
Mar. 11, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-004 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-010 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-012 Open · Source
Mar. 20, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-002 Open · Source
Mar. 20, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-005 Open · Source
Mar. 20, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-011 Open
Mar. 21, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-009 Open · Source
Mar. 24, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-017 Open · Source
Mar. 24, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-043 · Source
Mar. 27, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-019 Open · Source
Apr. 2, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-022 Open · Source
Apr. 11, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-008 Open · Source
Apr. 15, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-018 Open · Source
Apr. 15, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-024 Open · Source
Apr. 17, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-001 Open · Source
Apr. 20, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-014 Open · Source
Apr. 21, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-013 Open · Source
May 4, 2020	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-15-GM-015 Open · Source
May 31, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-006 Open · Source
June 1, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-033 Open · Source
June 2, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-023 Open
Aug. 12, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-026 Open · Source
Aug. 16, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-003 · Source
Sept. 16, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-035 Open · Source
Sept. 17, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-036 Open · Source
Sept. 20, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-020 Open · Source
Sept. 26, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-034 Open · Source
Nov. 2, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-007 Open · Source
Dec. 22, 2020	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-037 · Source
Jan. 17, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-025 Open
Mar. 2, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-032 Open · Source
Mar. 2, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-039 · Source
Mar. 4, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-028 Open · Source
Mar. 5, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-021 Open · Source
Mar. 7, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-027 Open · Source
Mar. 20, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-029 Open · Source
Mar. 23, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-031 Open · Source
Aug. 16, 2021	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-15-GM-040 · Source
Sept. 10, 2021	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-15-GM-030 Open · Source

All cancelled meetings in the Library.

Read the analysis

The analysis of this industry runs to seven further pages. Each carries its own notes and exhibit links.

Part 1 of 7How a typical employer operatesThe functions of the business, its revenue lines, its workforce, its suppliers and counterparties, its seasons, and how the orders reached each of them.Part 2 of 7The orders by layerFederal, State, metro, sector regulator, standing duty and counterparty: the instruments that reached this industry, layer by layer, with exhibit links.Part 3 of 7The six quartersWhat was in force on this industry's functions in each quarter from 2020 Q2 through 2021 Q3, with the third quarter of 2021 answered instrument by instrument.Part 4 of 7Function by functionEach function of the business, the orders that reached it and the change they compelled, one function at a time.Part 5 of 7The interconnected economyHow orders on suppliers, customers, carriers and workers reached this industry, and why an order's effect on a business outlasts the order's end date.Part 6 of 7The Service's positions, answeredThe fourteen sentences the Service's letters use, each quoted and answered for this industry from the public record.Part 7 of 7FindingsThe conclusions for each of the six quarters and the standard of proof they meet.