Industry 10 of 27

Manufacturing

The conclusion. Manufacturing was reached by orders in every one of the six claimable quarters, and the proof is not a matter of inference: the governors of the largest manufacturing States ordered non-essential production floors to suspend in-person…

PFproduction floor WHwarehouse, shipping and receiving SCinbound supply, domestic and…DSdistribution and customers ENengineering, sales and office EVtrade shows, customer visits…TRtravel HRhiring, screening, training and…OPoffice, administration and…WFworkforce availability CBthe customer base

Build the report for this industry Search the Library for this industry

In plain terms: if you run a plant, the orders reached you at every door. In March 2020, twenty-five States and the District of Columbia closed every factory that was not on their critical-industry lists; the rest sent your office staff home, capped your meetings, screened your workers at the gate and masked your line. When the closure States let you restart between April and June 2020, they did it by order and on written conditions: daily temperature checks, six feet between stations for the whole shift, staggered starts and breaks, no visitors or tours, shutdown for cleaning after every case. Those conditions ran as governor's orders through the summer, hardened into workplace regulations in the winter of 2020-21, and in California, Oregon and Virginia never came off. Your suppliers were closed by the same orders; your customers (dealers, contractors, hospitals, restaurants, schools) were closed or capped by theirs; the border stayed shut to non-essential travel from March 21, 2020 to November 8, 2021; every flight and commute ran under a federal mask order from February 1, 2021; and the trade shows where you sell did not open for more than a year.

This page sets out those orders layer by layer (federal, State, metro, regulator, counterparty), quarter by quarter, and function by function, with the instrument, the date, the operative words and the exhibit in the Library for each. It then takes the fourteen sentences the IRS (the "Service" on this page) uses in its letters and answers each one from the public record. The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute is the third quarter of 2021 (July 1 to September 30, 2021), and the record answers it: on every day of that quarter, orders limiting commerce, travel and group meetings were in force on the borders, the ports, the flights, the commute, the production floors of four States and the hospitals, schools and courts on which every plant depends, and thirty-odd cities and counties and seven States reinstated indoor workplace orders inside it.

Partial suspension, element by element

Every analysis on this site asks the same five questions in the same order. Here they are asked of Manufacturing, from the industry's own record.

The order: issuer, instrument, date, exhibit.The Library holds 46 instruments from this industry's own regulators and sector authorities and 32 organizer notices. The earliest is President (Executive Order 13909), Executive Order 13909, Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-10-001). The fifty-State regime table below names the State orders that reached its premises, State by State, each with its exhibit; the federal layer and the standing duties sit behind them on every day of the six quarters.
The function of the business it reached.The orders named the functions of the business in terms. Three of this industry's 11 function codes: PFproduction floorWHwarehouse, shipping and receivingSCinbound supply, domestic and…. The full key follows this panel, and Function by function reads the orders against each code.
The change it compelled: the operative words.The operative words of Executive Order 13909, Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19 (Ex. SEC-10-001): “the Secretary of Health and Human Services... shall use any and all authority available under the Act to determine... the proper nationwide priorities and allocation of all health and medical resources, including controlling the distribution of such materials (including applicable services) in the…” Each record page quotes the operative words in full, with the enforcement provision beside them.
The quarter: in force on which days.Every instrument carries the quarters it was in force. This industry's record runs across all six: 2020 Q235 2020 Q329 2020 Q428 2021 Q125 2021 Q228 2021 Q321 (the count is this industry's own instruments carrying the quarter). The six quarters sets out what was in force in each, and the third quarter of 2021 is listed instrument by instrument below.
The statute's answer.A partial suspension is a temporary delay, interruption or termination of a portion of the business's operations; the order need only be the but-for cause of it; and nothing in the Suspension Clause asks whether the business was essential, stayed open, could telework or served customers who were themselves under orders (Tri-State Memorial Hospital v. United States). The test and the method are stated once, for every industry, at Partial suspension, element by element.

The same five steps run through the report the site builds for your own State, metro and quarters.

Function codes

The analysis describes the business as eleven functions, each with a two-letter code that every page of this set uses without variation. An order “reached” a function when its operative words told the business what that part of it could do, when, where, for how many and on what conditions.

Code	Function of the business
PF	production floor
WH	warehouse, shipping and receiving
SC	inbound supply, domestic and foreign
DS	distribution and customers
EN	engineering, sales and office
EV	trade shows, customer visits, field service
TR	travel
HR	hiring, screening, training and credentialing
OP	office, administration and telework
WF	workforce availability
CB	the customer base

The fifty-State regime table

One row per State and the District. The State name opens the State's own page; every exhibit ID opens the instrument. Sort by State from the column head, or type to find a State.

State	Closure	Treatment of manufacturing	Restart	End of general restrictions	Q3 2021	Functions	Source	Grade
AlabamaAL	State Health Officer Order of Mar. 27, 2020 (non-essential closures eff. Mar. 28, 5:00 p.m.); Statewide Stay at Home Order of Apr. 3, 2020 (eff. Apr. 4, 5:00 p.m. - Apr. 30, 2020)	Open under conditions: the Apr. 3 order lists as essential 'Manufacturing facilities, including food processing and production; companies that produce pharmaceuticals, food additives, medical equipment, medical devices and supplies, technology, biotechnology, chemical products, telecommunications products; automotive production and suppliers, airplane, ship, and space vehicle or rocket manufacturers;... steel and steel products... products used by any other Essential Business or Operation'; employees to keep six feet apart; non-work gatherings of 10+ prohibited	Safer at Home Apr. 30, 2020 (retail 50 percent; distancing); gathering limits lifted May 11, 2020	Safer Apart Order Apr. 9, 2021 (masks ended); expired May 5, 2021.	None statewide	PF (distancing); EN (telework); EV (gatherings); WF (schools closed); CB	governor.alabama.gov (read).	Primary source read
AlaskaAK	COVID-19 Health Mandate 011 (Mar. 27, 2020; eff. Mar. 28, 5:00 p.m. - Apr. 24, 2020) and Mandate 012 (intrastate travel)	Non-critical businesses to cease in-person operations; critical infrastructure per Alaska's Essential Services and Critical Workforce Infrastructure Order (Attachment A; CISA-based, includes critical manufacturing); Mandate 010 (Mar. 25, 2020 - Feb. 14, 2021) required 14-day quarantine or, from June 6, 2020, testing for all arrivals, critical-infrastructure workers exempt only under an employer plan filed with DCCED	Mandate 016 Phase 1 Apr. 24, 2020 (25 percent), Phase 2 May 8 (50 percent), Phase 3 May 22, 2020 (limits removed)	May 22, 2020 (business limits); Mandate 010 lapsed Feb. 14, 2021 with the disaster declaration	None statewide (Anchorage local orders separate)	PF; EV; TR; HR (technicians quarantined); WF	content.govdelivery.com	Primary source read (bundled)
ArizonaAZ	EO 2020-18 Stay Home, Stay Healthy, Stay Connected (Mar. 30, 2020; eff. Mar. 31, 5:00 p.m. - May 15, 2020) with EO 2020-12 essential services list	Open: EO 2020-12 listed manufacturing broadly as essential; EO 2020-43 (June 29, 2020 - Mar. 25, 2021) barred public events of more than 50 persons without local approval (EV)	EO 2020-36 May 16, 2020	EO 2021-05 (Mar. 5, 2021) removed occupancy limits; EO 2021-06 (Mar. 25, 2021) ended gathering approvals and barred local mask mandates	None statewide	EV; EN (telework encouraged); WF; CB		Confirmed from a secondary source
ArkansasAR	No stay-at-home order; ADH directives of Mar. 19, 2020 onward closed dine-in, gyms, indoor venues; gatherings over 10 barred	Open; EO 20-43 masks (July 20, 2020 - Mar. 31, 2021) indoors including workplaces where six feet cannot be kept	Phased May 4 - June 15, 2020	Mar. 31, 2021 (mask mandate to guidance).	None statewide	PF (masks); EV; WF		Confirmed from a secondary source
CaliforniaCA	EO N-33-20 and State Public Health Officer Order (Mar. 19, 2020 - June 15, 2021) with the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list; Bay Area county shelter orders (Mar. 16-17, 2020) closed non-essential businesses expressly	Closed unless on the State list (CISA-based sectors incl. critical manufacturing, food, chemicals, medical); Stage 2 from May 8, 2020 permitted manufacturing and logistics statewide under mandatory industry guidance (State PHO order May 7, 2020); Blueprint (Aug. 31, 2020 - June 15, 2021) kept offices remote in Purple/Red tiers and barred conventions in all tiers; Regional Stay at Home (Dec. 5, 2020 - Jan. 25, 2021) closed offices except critical infrastructure; Cal/OSHA ETS 8 CCR 3205 (Nov. 30, 2020; readopted June 17, 2021) bound every employer: written COVID-19 Prevention Program, exclusion of cases and exposed employees with pay, testing, face coverings, distancing	May 8, 2020 (Stage 2) with industry guidance; June 15, 2021 Beyond the Blueprint	June 15, 2021 (N-33-20 and Blueprint terminated; Cal/OSHA ETS and CDPH mask rules for unvaccinated persons continued)	Cal/OSHA ETS (SEC-10-041) all quarter; Sacramento July 30; Bay Area Aug. 3 (verified_secondary); CDPH K-12 masks July 12; health-care-worker orders July 26/Aug. 5	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	SEC-10-039, SEC-10-041.	Primary source read (ETS); Confirmed from a secondary source (Stage 2 list dates)
ColoradoCO	EO D 2020 017 and PHO 20-24 (Mar. 25, 2020; eff. Mar. 26 - Apr. 26, 2020)	Critical businesses (PHO 20-24: manufacturing of critical products per CISA; critical trades) could operate with distancing and reduced in-person workforce; non-critical manufacturing closed except minimum basic operations until Safer at Home (Apr. 27, 2020) permitted non-critical offices at 50 percent and manufacturing with plans; COVID-19 Dial (Sept. 15, 2020 - Apr. 16, 2021) put offices at 10-50 percent and closed indoor events in Level Red	D 2020 044 Safer at Home Apr. 27, 2020	Dial expired Apr. 16, 2021; masks D 2020 138 (July 17, 2020) largely rescinded May 14, 2021; emergency to July 8, 2021	None statewide (PHO 20-38 limited requirements to July 2021)	PF; EN; EV; WF	Kiowacounty mirror 404)	Confirmed from a secondary source
ConnecticutCT	EO 7H (Mar. 20, 2020; eff. Mar. 23, 8:00 p.m. - May 20, 2020): 'Non-essential businesses or not-for-profit entities shall reduce their in-person workforces at any workplace locations by 100%'; 'all businesses... shall employ, to the maximum extent possible, any telecommuting or work from home procedures'	DECD essential list (recited in 7H) reached 'manufacturing, including food processing, pharmaceuticals, and industries supporting the essential services required to meet national security commitments...; the defense industrial base, including aerospace, mechanical and software engineers, manufacturing/production workers'; the DECD guidance of Mar. 22, 2020 treated manufacturing broadly as essential; non-listed manufacturing at 0 percent in-person to May 20, 2020	Phase 1 May 20, 2020 under binding DECD sector rules (offices 50 percent; telework where possible); Phase 2 June 17; Phase 3 Oct. 8, 2020; rollback Nov. 6, 2020 - Mar. 19, 2021	Mar. 19, 2021 (capacity) and May 19, 2021 (remaining business rules; EO 12/12A); travel quarantine EO 7III July 21, 2020 - Mar. 19, 2021	None for private workplaces; emergency declarations continued (predicate)	PF; EN; EV; TR; WF; CB	portal.ct.gov (read).	Primary source read
DelawareDE	Fourth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 22, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 8:00 a.m. - May 31, 2020)	All non-essential businesses closed; DEMA essential list CISA-based (manufacturers of medical equipment, PPE, pharmaceuticals; food manufacturers; forest products; critical manufacturing); essential businesses required to enforce distancing and bar non-essential visitors; Ninth Modification (Apr. 1, 2020) capped occupancy at 20 percent; out-of-state arrivals quarantined 14 days (Seventh Modification Mar. 29 - June 1, 2020)	Phase 1 June 1, 2020 (30 percent); Phase 2 June 15 (60 percent); masks Apr. 28, 2020 - May 21, 2021	Twenty-Ninth Modification May 18-21, 2021; State of Emergency terminated July 13, 2021; Public Health Emergency declared July 12, 2021 (limited)	None for manufacturing; school masks Aug. 10, 2021 (WF); health-care testing orders Sept. 30, 2021 (CB)	PF; EN; EV; TR; WF; CB	governor.delaware.gov (read).	Primary source read
District of ColumbiaDC	No verified sector-specific instrument is indexed for this State in this table. The State's general orders are in the Library under the State's own page.
FloridaFL	EO 20-91 Safer at Home (Apr. 1, 2020; eff. Apr. 3 - Apr. 30/May 4, 2020), clarified by EO 20-92	Open: essential services per CISA plus Miami-Dade EO 07-20 list (manufacturing broadly); non-essential in-person operations closed; travel quarantines EO 20-80/82/86 (Mar. 24 - Aug. 5, 2020) for arrivals from NY, NJ, CT and Louisiana (TR)	Phase 1 May 4, 2020; Full Phase 1 May 18; Phase 2 June 5; Phase 3 Sept. 25, 2020 (all State limits lifted; local limits below 50 percent preempted)	Sept. 25, 2020 (EO 20-244); EO 21-102 (May 3, 2021) suspended local orders; SB 2006 voided them July 1, 2021	None	EV; TR; WF; CB		Confirmed from a secondary source
GeorgiaGA	EO 04.02.20.01 Shelter in Place (Apr. 2, 2020; eff. Apr. 3, 6:00 p.m. - Apr. 30, 2020), extended by 04.08.20.02	Critical infrastructure businesses (CISA) continued under sixteen mandatory measures; non-critical businesses limited to Minimum Basic Operations and required to 'implement teleworking for all possible workers' and to hold 'all meetings and conferences virtually'; no business to allow more than 10 persons at a single location without six-foot spacing	Apr. 24-30, 2020 (Empowering a Healthy Georgia orders with business operating requirements; gatherings of more than 50 without distancing barred July 1, 2020 - Apr. 30, 2021)	Apr. 30, 2021 (business requirements and gathering cap); PHE ended July 1, 2021	None statewide	PF (measures); EN (telework); EV (meetings virtual; 50-person cap); WF; CB	gov.georgia.gov (read).	Primary source read
HawaiiHI	Third Supplementary Proclamation (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 25, 12:01 a.m. - May 31, 2020): stay at home / work from home; all non-essential businesses cease in-person operations	Essential category 21: 'Manufacture, distribution, and supply chain for critical products and industries... producing and supplying essential products and services in and for industries such as pharmaceutical, technology, biotechnology, healthcare, chemicals and sanitization, waste pickup and disposal, agriculture, food and beverage, transportation, energy, steel and steel products, petroleum and fuel, mining, construction, national defense'; other manufacturing closed to May 7/18, 2020; mandatory 14-day quarantine for all arrivals (Mar. 26, 2020; Safe Travels testing bypass Oct. 15, 2020; ended Mar. 26, 2022) and inter-island quarantine (Apr. 1 - June 15, 2020; Aug. 11, 2020 - June 15, 2021)	Safer at Home May 7 (low-risk) and May 18, 2020 (medium-risk) under county orders approved by the Governor	County capacity rules continued into 2021; masks statewide to Mar. 25, 2022	Statewide indoor mask mandate all quarter; Safe Travels quarantine/test rules; Oahu gathering caps of 10 indoor/25 outdoor (Aug. 2021); vaccination-proof rules Sept. 13, 2021 (Oahu Safe Access)	PF; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	dod.hawaii.gov (read).	Primary source read (Third Supp.); Confirmed from a secondary source (2021 items)
IdahoID	Statewide Stay-Home Order (Mar. 25, 2020; amended Apr. 15; expired Apr. 30, 2020)	Non-essential businesses closed physical locations; essential businesses per Idaho's list (CISA-based; critical manufacturing); persons entering Idaho quarantined 14 days (Apr. 15 - May 30, 2020); Idaho Rebounds Stage 1 May 1 - Stage 4 June 13, 2020.	May 1, 2020	May 11, 2021 (Stage 4)	None	PF; EV; TR; WF	gov.idaho.gov
IllinoisIL	EO 2020-10 (Mar. 20, 2020; eff. Mar. 21, 5:00 p.m. - Apr. 7; extended by EO 2020-18 to Apr. 30, 2020)	Essential Businesses included '(t) Manufacture, distribution, and supply chain for critical products and industries' (pharmaceutical, technology, biotechnology, healthcare, chemicals, sanitization, agriculture, food, transportation, energy, steel, petroleum, mining, construction, national defense and products used by other Essential Businesses); all other businesses to cease except Minimum Basic Operations; EO 2020-32 (May 1-29, 2020) § 4: 'Manufacturers that continue to operate pursuant to this Order must follow Social Distancing Requirements and take appropriate precautions,' including face coverings for employees unable to keep six feet; Phase 3 (EO 2020-38, May 29) reopened manufacturing with modified operations; Phase 4 (EO 2020-43, June 26) ¶ c manufacturers' requirements and ¶ e 'Indoor venues and meeting spaces can operate with the lesser of fifty attendees or fifty percent of room capacity'; Tier 3 (EO 2020-73, Nov. 20, 2020 - Jan. 2021) ¶ e venues 'prohibited from hosting gatherings of any size' and manufacturers to keep non-production staff remote; masks May 1, 2020 - June 11, 2021	May 29, 2020 (Phase 3); Phase 4 June 26, 2020; Bridge May 14, 2021; Phase 5 June 11, 2021 (EO 2021-12)	June 11, 2021	EO 2021-20 (Aug. 26, 2021): face coverings for all persons in indoor public places from Aug. 30, 2021 regardless of vaccination status; § 2 health-care-worker vaccination or testing; school masks Aug. 4, 2021 (WF); Chicago and Cook County orders (MET-CHI)	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	SEC-10-034, -035, -037, -038, -036 (read; illinois.gov)	Primary source read
IndianaIN	EO 20-08 Stay at Home (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 11:59 p.m. - Apr. 6; EO 20-18 to Apr. 20; EO 20-22 to May 1, 2020)	Essential Businesses and Operations (CISA-based) included manufacturing and supply chain for critical products; Indiana's list treated manufacturing broadly as essential; non-essential businesses limited to Minimum Basic Operations; Back on Track Stage 2 (May 4, 2020) reopened manufacturing and offices with remote work encouraged; masks EO 20-37 July 27, 2020 - Apr. 5, 2021; county color-code caps Nov. 15, 2020 - Apr. 6, 2021; Stage 5 events over 500 required local plans	May 4, 2020	EO 21-09 Apr. 6, 2021 (business directives to advisory); emergency to Mar. 3, 2022 (predicate)	None for manufacturing (emergency predicate only)	PF (Stage 2 conditions); EN; EV; WF; CB	In.gov PDF 404)	Confirmed from a secondary source
IowaIA	No stay-at-home order; Public Health Disaster Emergency proclamations Mar. 17 - Apr. 30, 2020 closed restaurants, retail categories, venues; gatherings of more than 10 barred	Open; Nov. 10-16, 2020 proclamations 'required [employers] to enable remote work where feasible' and required masks indoors within six feet for 15 minutes (Nov. 17, 2020 - Feb. 6, 2021); gatherings 15/30	May 1 - June 12, 2020 phases	Feb. 7, 2021 (masks and gathering limits); Feb. 15, 2022 proclamations (predicate)	None	EN (remote work required Nov. 2020); PF (masks); EV; WF		Confirmed from a secondary source
KansasKS	EO 20-16 Statewide Stay-Home Order (Mar. 28, 2020; eff. Mar. 30 - Apr. 19; extended to May 3, 2020) with EO 20-15 Kansas Essential Function Framework	Essential functions under KEFF (CISA-tracked; manufacturing essential); non-essential businesses closed to in-person work except minimum operations; gatherings of more than 10 barred; Ad Astra Phase 1 May 4 - local control June 22, 2020; masks EO 20-52 July 3, 2020 - Mar. 31, 2021 with county opt-outs (HB 2016); KDHE travel quarantine list (Mar. 2020 - 2021)	May 4, 2020	Emergency expired June 15, 2021	None	PF; EN; EV; TR; WF	Governor.kansas.gov 403)	Confirmed from a secondary source
KentuckyKY	EO 2020-257 Healthy at Home (Mar. 25, 2020; eff. Mar. 26 - May 11, 2020): all non-life-sustaining businesses closed; EO 2020-246 (Mar. 23) closed non-life-sustaining retail	Life-sustaining list included manufacturing, distribution and supply chain for critical products (bundled); other manufacturing closed to May 11, 2020; Healthy at Work: manufacturing, distribution and supply chain reopened May 11, 2020 under mandatory Requirements v1.2 (SEC-10-051: 'must meet the requirements below in order to reopen and remain open'; six-foot distance 'for their entire shift,' barriers where not feasible, staggered shifts, restricted common areas, 'minimal interaction between drivers at loading docks,' vehicle occupancy limits) and the CHFS Minimum Requirements order of May 9, 2020 (SEC-10-053); masks EO 2020-586 July 10, 2020 - June 11, 2021; EO 2020-968 (Nov. 20 - Dec. 13, 2020) offices to telework/33 percent; travel EO 2020-258 (Mar. 30 - May 2020)	May 11, 2020	June 11, 2021 (EO 2021-386); emergency to HJR 1 Sept. 7, 2021 (predicate)	None for manufacturing; EO 2021-585 school masks Aug. 10, 2021 (WF); emergency predicate to Sept. 7	PF; WH; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	SEC-10-050 (scanned), -051, -053.	Primary source read (051, 053); Confirmed from a secondary source (EO 2020-257 list)
LouisianaLA	Proclamation 33 JBE 2020 Stay at Home (Mar. 22, 2020; eff. Mar. 23, 5:00 p.m. - Apr. 13; extended to Apr. 30 and May 15, 2020)	Open under conditions: § 2 gathering limit 'not applicable to normal operations at... factories'; § 5 every non-CISA business to reduce operations to 'minimum contact with members of the public' and essential employees only; essential per CISA; Phase 1 May 15 (25 percent), Phase 2 June 5, Phase 3 Sept. 11, 2020; masks 89 JBE 2020 July 13, 2020 - Apr. 27, 2021 (narrowed); Modified Phase 2 Nov. 25, 2020 - Mar. 2021	May 15, 2020	Masks narrowed Apr. 27, 2021	New Orleans mask (Aug. 4) and vaccination-proof (Aug. 16) orders (MET-MSY)	PF; EN; EV; WF; CB	gov.louisiana.gov (read).	Primary source read (33 JBE).
MaineME	EO 19 FY 19/20 (Mar. 24, 2020; eff. Mar. 25): non-essential public-facing businesses closed; EO 28 FY 19/20 Stay Healthy at Home (Mar. 31; eff. Apr. 2 - Apr. 30, 2020); EO 49 Stay Safer at Home (May 1-31, 2020)	Manufacturing on the essential list (public-facing closures did not reach it); non-public-facing operations directed to telework where possible; industry checklists mandatory from May 1, 2020 (Stages 1-4 to Oct. 13, 2020); 14-day quarantine for all arrivals Apr. 3, 2020 (test-out June 9, 2020; lifted for domestic travel May 1/24, 2021); masks May 1, 2020 - May 24, 2021	May 1, 2020 (Stage 1)	May 24, 2021 (indoor limits and masks); emergency ended June 30, 2021	None	EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	maine.gov	Primary source read (Mar. 31 order) / Confirmed from a secondary source (rest)
MarylandMD	EO 20-03-23-01 (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. 5:00 p.m.) closing non-essential businesses; EO 20-03-30-01 Stay at Home (Mar. 30, 8:00 p.m. - May 15, 2020)	Manufacturing treated as essential under the Office of Legal Counsel interpretive guidance (CISA-based); non-essential businesses closed to the public with minimal operations and telework; masks Apr. 18, 2020 (retail) and July 31, 2020 (all indoor public spaces and shared workplaces where distancing cannot be kept) - May 15, 2021; Stage 2 June 5, 2020 reopened offices with telework encouraged; Nov. 17, 2020 rollbacks.	May 15, 2020 (Stage 1)	Mar. 12, 2021 (capacity); May 15, 2021 (masks and gatherings); emergency ended July 1, 2021 (grace to Aug. 15)	None statewide; Montgomery and Prince George's County mask orders Aug. 2021 (MET-DCM)	PF (masks in shared workplaces); EN; EV; TR; WF; CB	Governor.maryland.gov PDF 404)	Confirmed from a secondary source
MassachusettsMA	COVID-19 Order No. 13 (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, noon - Apr. 7; extended by Orders 21 and 30 to May 18, 2020): businesses not providing COVID-19 Essential Services 'shall close their physical workplaces and facilities'	Essential Services list (CISA-based; manufacturing of critical products, food, chemicals, medical, defense) could operate; other manufacturing closed to Phase I (May 18, 2020) and then only under the Mandatory Safety Standards for Workplaces and the Sector-Specific Safety Standards and Checklist for Manufacturing (SEC-10-046: 'Face coverings are required for all workers'; partitions taller than a standing worker where stations cannot be spaced; cafeteria distancing; phased reopening of highly manual facilities); masks Order 31 May 6, 2020 / Order 55 Nov. 6, 2020 - May 29, 2021; Travel Order 45 Aug. 1, 2020 - Mar. 22, 2021; winter rollback Dec. 13, 2020 - Mar. 1, 2021 (25 percent)	May 18, 2020 (Phase I)	May 29, 2021 (Order 69); emergency ended June 15, 2021	None statewide; Boston mask order Aug. 27, 2021 and other municipal orders (MET-BOS); DESE school masks Aug. 25, 2021 (WF)	PF; WH; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	SEC-10-046 (read; mass.gov May 18, 2020 snapshot); Order 13 bundled (secondary)	Primary source read (standards); Confirmed from a secondary source (Order 13 list)
MichiganMI	EO 2020-21 Stay Home, Stay Safe (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 12:01 a.m.); EO 2020-42 (Apr. 9); EO 2020-59 (Apr. 24); EO 2020-70 (May 1); EO 2020-77 (May 7); EO 2020-96 (May 21); rescinded by EO 2020-110 (June 1, 2020)	Closed: § 4 'No person or entity shall operate a business or conduct operations that require workers to leave their homes or places of residence except to the extent that those workers are necessary to sustain or protect life or to conduct minimum basic operations'; critical infrastructure workers per CISA's Mar. 19, 2020 guidance (§ 8, including '(j) Critical manufacturing'); § 14 willful violation a misdemeanor (MCL 10.33; 30.405(3)). Restart: EO 2020-77 § 10(k): 'Effective at 12:01 am on May 11, 2020, workers necessary to perform manufacturing activities, subject to the workplace safeguards described in section 11(k) of this order. Manufacturing work may not commence under this subsection until the facility... has been prepared to follow the workplace safeguards'; § 11(k) and EO 2020-91 § 4 (May 18, 2020): daily entry screening with temperature checks, dedicated entry points with barriers, 'Suspend all non-essential in-person visits, including tours,' training, rotational shifts, staggered breaks, barriers, delivery protocols, tool-sharing limits, case notification and shutdown for cleaning; carried in EOs 2020-97, -114, -145, -161, -175, -184 to Oct. 2, 2020 (Michigan Supreme Court); MDHHS epidemic orders Oct. 5, 2020 - June 22, 2021 (masks; gatherings; Nov. 18, 2020 - Jan. 2021 indoor non-residential gatherings prohibited); MIOSHA Emergency Rules Oct. 14, 2020 (in-person work prohibited to the extent feasibly remote; daily screening; face coverings; manufacturing-specific rule), extended Apr. 13, 2021 through Oct. 14, 2021, rescinded June 22, 2021	May 11, 2020 (EO 2020-77 § 10(k))	June 22, 2021 (MDHHS orders and MIOSHA rules rescinded); the Governor's emergency authority ended Oct. 2, 2020 (In re Certified Questions)	None statewide; Detroit and county instruments (MET-DET); Michigan's Q3 2021 proof rests on the federal, counterparty (suppliers and OEM customers under other States' and countries' orders), workforce and other-State instruments	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; OP; WF; CB	MI-011, MI-026, MI-027; SEC-10-024 (Ballotpedia, secondary, for the Apr. 13, 2021 MIOSHA extension).	Primary source read (EOs); Confirmed from a secondary source (MDHHS; MIOSHA)
MinnesotaMN	EO 20-20 Stay at Home (Mar. 25, 2020; eff. Mar. 27, 11:59 p.m. - Apr. 10; extended by EO 20-33 to May 4 and EO 20-48 to May 17, 2020)	Critical Sectors only: '(j) Critical manufacturing. This category is limited to critical manufacturing workers listed in the CISA Guidance,' plus iron-ore mining; all other manufacturing workers to stay home until EO 20-40 (Apr. 23, 2020): 'no sooner than April 26, 2020 at 11:59 pm,' workers at Non-Critical Exempt Businesses, defined to include 'industrial or manufacturing businesses' not customer-facing, may return only after the business has 'establish[ed] and implement[ed] a COVID-19 Preparedness Plan' with training, posting and disclosure to DEED on request; EO 20-56 (May 13; eff. May 18, 2020) required a Plan of every reopening business and that 'Workers who can work from home must continue to do so'; masks EO 20-81 July 25, 2020 - May 14, 2021; EO 20-99 (Nov. 20, 2020 - Jan. 2021) work from home whenever possible; EO 21-21 Step 2 May 28, 2021 ended caps but 'All businesses in Minnesota are required to have a COVID-19 Preparedness Plan' until Step 3 (June 30, 2021, 11:59 p.m.)	Apr. 27, 2020 (EO 20-40) for non-customer-facing industrial and manufacturing businesses; May 18, 2020 generally	May 28, 2021 (capacity and gatherings); June 30/July 1, 2021 (Preparedness Plan requirement; peacetime emergency ended July 1, 2021)	None statewide (MET-MSP for Minneapolis and St. Paul orders; school masks by district)	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; HR; WF; CB	lrl.mn.gov (read) SEC-10-044 -045 (read).	Primary source read
MississippiMS	EO 1463 (Mar. 24, 2020) essential business definition and gatherings of 10; EO 1466 Shelter in Place (Apr. 1, 2020; eff. Apr. 3, 5:00 p.m. - Apr. 20; extended to Apr. 27 by EO 1473)	Manufacturing broadly essential under EO 1463; non-essential closed during shelter in place; masks statewide EO 1516 Aug. 5 - Sept. 30, 2020 and county mandates July 13, 2020 - Mar. 3, 2021; EO 1535 (Dec. 11, 2020 - Mar. 3, 2021) gatherings 10/50	Safer at Home Apr. 27, 2020	Mar. 3, 2021 (EO 1549); Apr. 30, 2021 (EO 1551)	None	PF (masks); EV; WF	Sos.ms.gov 403)	Confirmed from a secondary source
MissouriMO	DHSS Stay Home Missouri Order (Apr. 3, 2020; eff. Apr. 6 - May 3, 2020); DHSS Social Distancing Order (Mar. 23 - Apr. 6, 2020)	Open: the order 'does not require any Missouri businesses to cease operations' but imposed distancing, gatherings of 10 and retail occupancy caps; residents to work from home 'where feasible'; St. Louis City and County and Kansas City stay-home orders (Mar. 23-24, 2020) closed non-essential businesses locally (MET-STL; MET-KC)	Phase 1 May 4, 2020; Phase 2 June 16, 2020 (no statewide limits)	June 16, 2020; emergency to Dec. 31, 2021 (predicate)	None statewide; St. Louis City and County mask orders July 26, 2021 and Kansas City Aug. 2, 2021 (metro)	EN; EV; WF	Health.mo.gov PDF 404)	Confirmed from a secondary source
MontanaMT	Stay at Home Directive (Mar. 26, 2020; eff. Mar. 28, 12:01 a.m. - Apr. 10; extended to Apr. 26, 2020)	All non-essential businesses to cease except minimum basic operations and work from home; essential businesses per CISA (critical manufacturing) with distancing; 14-day quarantine for arrivals for non-work purposes (Mar. 30 - June 1, 2020) with National Guard screening at airports; Phase One Apr. 26 - May 31, 2020; masks July 15, 2020 (counties with 4+ cases; statewide Nov. 20) - Feb. 12, 2021; Nov. 20, 2020 - Jan. 15, 2021 gatherings of 25, 50 percent capacity	Apr. 26-27, 2020	Jan. 15, 2021 (capacity and gatherings); Feb. 12, 2021 (masks); emergency ended June 30, 2021	None	PF; EV; TR; WF	news.mt.gov	Primary source read (bundled)
NebraskaNE	No stay-at-home order; Directed Health Measures from Mar. 19, 2020 (Omaha metro) and statewide Apr. 10, 2020: gatherings of 10; salons and close-contact businesses closed; elective surgeries suspended	Open (Grand Island and Omaha meat plants under outbreak conditions and EO 13917); phased DHMs May 4 - Sept. 14, 2020 with venue caps (25 percent, 50 percent of occupancy); Nov. 11, 2020 re-tightening.	May 4, 2020		None	EV; WF; DS		Confirmed from a secondary source
NevadaNV	Declaration of Emergency Directive 003 (Mar. 20, 2020; eff. 11:59 p.m. - Apr. 16; extended by 010 (stay at home, Apr. 1) and 016 to May 15, 2020)	Essential infrastructure operations named 'manufacturing and food processing' (Directive 003 text as published by the Las Vegas Review-Journal); non-essential businesses closed; gatherings of 10 (Directive 007, Mar. 24); Phase 1 May 9 (Directive 018), Phase 2 May 29, 2020 (Directive 021; gatherings 50); Directive 033 (Oct. 1, 2020) gatherings 250 or 50 percent; Directive 035 Statewide Pause (Nov. 24, 2020 - Feb. 14, 2021) 25 percent or 50 persons; Directive 037 (Feb. 15: 35 percent; Mar. 15: 50 percent); Directive 041 county control May 1, 2021; Directive 045 June 1, 2021 end; masks Directive 024 June 26, 2020 - May 2021 (vaccinated) / June 1, 2021; the venue caps foreclosed conventions at the Las Vegas Convention Center (FABTECH Nov. 2020 cancelled; CES Jan. 2021 all-digital; World of Concrete June 2021 first show) (EV)	May 9, 2020	June 1, 2021 (Directive 045)	Emergency Directive 047 (July 27; eff. July 30, 2021): face coverings indoors in public in counties with substantial or high transmission (Clark, Washoe and others) regardless of vaccination status; Directive 048/049 later	PF; EN; EV; TR; WF; CB	reviewjournal.com (read secondary).	Confirmed from a secondary source (003); Primary source read (035); Confirmed from a secondary source (047)
New HampshireNH	Emergency Order #17 Stay at Home (Mar. 26, 2020; eff. Mar. 27, 11:59 p.m. - May 4, 2020); Stay at Home 2.0 (EO #40, May 1 - June 15, 2020)	Non-essential in-person operations closed; Exhibit A essential services (CISA-based; manufacturing) continued; manufacturing under Universal Guidelines from May 1, 2020; 14-day quarantine expected for non-essential arrivals from outside New England (spring 2020; EO #72 Nov. 14, 2020 - Mar. 2021); masks EO #74 Nov. 20, 2020 - Apr. 16, 2021	May 1, 2020	May 7, 2021 (Universal Guidelines lifted); emergency expired June 11, 2021	None	PF; EN; EV; TR; WF		Confirmed from a secondary source
New JerseyNJ	EO 107 (Mar. 21, 2020; eff. 9:00 p.m.): stay at home; non-essential retail closed; all gatherings cancelled; EO 108 barred conflicting local orders	Manufacturing not closed but ordered to telework and minimum staffing: EO 107 ¶ 10 'All businesses or non-profits in the State, whether closed or open to the public, must accommodate their workforce, wherever practicable, for telework or work-from-home arrangements'; ¶ 11 businesses with employees who 'cannot perform their functions via telework or work-from-home arrangements... should make best efforts to reduce staff on site to the minimal number necessary to ensure that essential operations can continue'; EO 122 (Apr. 8, 2020; eff. Apr. 10, 8:00 p.m.) ¶ 3: 'Manufacturing businesses, warehousing businesses, and businesses engaged in essential construction projects must adopt policies that include, at minimum': prohibit non-essential visitors; limit worksite meetings and workgroups to fewer than ten; six feet 'wherever possible'; stagger start, stop and break times; ¶ 4: separate and send home symptomatic workers, notify of exposures, clean and disinfect after a case; ¶ 8 penalties under N.J.S.A. App. A:9-49 and -50; EO 192 (Oct. 28, 2020; eff. Nov. 5, 6:00 a.m.): every employer requiring in-person work: six-foot distancing, face masks on premises, sanitization, hand-hygiene breaks, daily health checks, exclusion of symptomatic workers, enforced by NJDOL and NJDOH; EO 243 (May 24, 2021) rescinded the telework-accommodation mandate and the indoor workplace mask rules of EO 192 effective June 4, 2021	Not closed; restrictions modified stepwise (EO 142 May 18; EO 150 June 15, 2020)	June 4, 2021 (EO 243; EO 244 and P.L. 2021, c. 103 ended the PHE); State of Emergency continued	None for private manufacturing workplaces; EO 251 (Aug. 6, 2021) school masks (WF); EO 252 (Aug. 6, 2021) health-care and State-worker vaccination or testing from Sept. 7 (CB); NJ Transit masks under the federal order (WF)	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; OP; WF; CB	SEC-10-023, -020, -021, -022 (read; nj.gov)	Primary source read
New MexicoNM	Amended Public Health Emergency Order Closing All Businesses and Non-Profit Entities Except for Those Deemed Essential (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 8:00 a.m. - Apr. 10; extended to Apr. 30 and May 15, 2020)	Essential: 'Manufacturing operations involved in food processing, manufacturing agents, chemicals, fertilizer, pharmaceuticals, sanitary products, household paper products, telecommunications, microelectronics/semi-conductor, primary metals manufacturers, machinery manufacturers, electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturers, and transportation equipment manufacturers'; all other businesses closed; 100 percent of the non-essential workforce to work from home; gatherings of 5 barred; 14-day quarantine for all arrivals July 1, 2020 - Feb. 2021 (EO 2020-054/063); masks May 16, 2020 onward; Nov. 16-30, 2020 reset closed non-essential in-person business; Red-to-Turquoise county framework Dec. 2, 2020 - June 30, 2021	May 16, 2020 (phased; 25 percent)	July 1, 2021		PF; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	governor.state.nm.us	Primary source read (Mar. 23, 2020).
New YorkNY	EO 202.6 (Mar. 18, 2020: 50 percent in-person workforce reduction, eff. Mar. 20), 202.7 (75 percent, Mar. 21), 202.8 (100 percent, eff. Mar. 22, 8:00 p.m.) for non-essential businesses; ESD guidance defined essential businesses	Closed unless on the ESD 'Essential manufacturing' list: 'food processing, manufacturing agents including all foods and beverages; chemicals; medical equipment/instruments; pharmaceuticals; sanitary products...; telecommunications; microelectronics/semi-conductor; food-producing agriculture/farms; household paper products; defense industry and the transportation infrastructure; automobiles; any parts or components necessary for essential products' (SEC-10-026, June 1, 2020 snapshot); masks EO 202.17 Apr. 17, 2020; EO 205 travel quarantine June 25, 2020 - Apr. 1, 2021; Cluster Action Initiative (Oct. 9, 2020 onward; Red zones 100 percent remote); gathering caps 10/25/50 by phase to 2021; HERO Act (L. 2021, ch. 105, May 5, 2021; amended ch. 145) Labor Law 218-b: every employer to adopt an airborne infectious disease exposure prevention plan (DOL standard July 6, 2021; adoption by Aug. 5, 2021), activated by the Commissioner of Health's designation of COVID-19 on Sept. 6, 2021 (SEC-10-031)	May 15 - June 8, 2020 (Phase 1 by region)	June 15, 2021 (capacity, distancing and most mask rules lifted at 70 percent adult vaccination); EO 202 disaster emergency ended June 24, 2021	NYC Key to NYC (Aug. 17/Sept. 13, 2021; indoor dining, fitness, entertainment; MET-NYC); NYS DOH school masks Sept. 2, 2021 (WF); health-care-worker mandate Aug. 26, 2021 (CB)	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; OP; WF; CB	SEC-10-026, -028, -029, -031 (read); EO 202.6-202.8 bundled (secondary).	Primary source read (list; HERO Act; designation); Confirmed from a secondary source (EO 202.8; Phase 1 dates)
North CarolinaNC	EO 121 Stay at Home (Mar. 27, 2020; eff. Mar. 30, 5:00 p.m. - Apr. 29; extended by EO 135 to May 8, 2020)	COVID-19 Essential Businesses (CISA-based; manufacturing broadly) could operate with distancing and telework where possible; non-essential businesses to cease in-person operations; gatherings of 10; masks EO 147 June 26, 2020 - May 14, 2021; Modified Stay at Home EO 181 (Dec. 11, 2020 - Feb. 28, 2021; 10 p.m. curfew; gatherings 10)	Phase 1 May 8, 2020	EO 215 May 14, 2021.	None statewide; Mecklenburg (Aug. 18), Wake, Durham, Orange County mask orders Aug. 2021 (MET-CLT)	PF; EN; EV; WF; CB	governor.nc.gov	Primary source read (bundled)
North DakotaND	No stay-at-home order; EO 2020-06 (Mar. 19, 2020) and amendments closed bars, dine-in, recreation, salons through Apr. 30, 2020	Open; ND Smart Restart color-coded protocols May 1, 2020 - Jan. 2021; State Health Officer Order 2020-08 masks Nov. 14, 2020 - Jan. 18, 2021; EO 2020-43 capacity limits Nov. 16, 2020 - Jan. 8, 2021 (event venues 25 percent)	May 1, 2020	Jan. 18, 2021; emergency ended Apr. 30, 2021	None	PF (masks); EV; WF		Confirmed from a secondary source
OhioOH	ODH Director's Stay at Home Order (Mar. 22, 2020; eff. Mar. 23, 11:59 p.m. - Apr. 6; amended Apr. 2 to May 1, 2020)	Essential Businesses and Operations included 'manufacture, distribution, and supply chain for critical products and industries'; other businesses to cease except Minimum Basic Operations; gatherings of 10; masks July 23, 2020 - June 2, 2021; curfew Nov. 19, 2020 - Feb. 11, 2021; consolidated order Apr. 5 - June 2, 2021	May 4, 2020	June 2, 2021 (health orders rescinded); emergency ended June 18, 2021	None statewide (Columbus, Cleveland and Cincinnati instruments: MET-CMH, MET-CLE, MET-CIN)	PF; WH; DS; EN; EV; WF; CB	SEC-10-048 (scanned; text not machine-read).	Confirmed from a secondary source
OklahomaOK	Fourth Amended EO 2020-07 (Mar. 24, 2020; eff. Mar. 25): Safer at Home for vulnerable persons; gatherings of 10 barred; non-essential businesses (bars, dine-in, gyms, salons and listed categories) closed in 19 counties, statewide from Apr. 1 to Apr. 30, 2020; Second Amended EO 2020-13 to May 6, 2020	Open (closures confined to listed non-essential categories); air-travel quarantine for arrivals from CA, CT, LA, NJ, NY, WA (Mar. 28-29, 2020); OURS Phase 1 Apr. 24/May 1, Phase 3 June 1, 2020; no statewide mask mandate; EO 2021-07 (Feb. 15 - Mar. 12, 2021) indoor public gatherings 50 percent	May 1, 2020	Mar. 12, 2021.	None	EV; TR; WF; CB	sos.ok.gov (read).	Primary source read
OregonOR	EO 20-12 Stay Home, Save Lives (Mar. 23, 2020): closed listed retail and personal-service businesses; all other businesses to facilitate telework and, where not possible, distancing; gatherings prohibited	Manufacturing not closed by EO 20-12 but bound by its distancing and telework directives, by EO 20-25 phases and EO 20-66 risk levels (Dec. 3, 2020 - June 30, 2021; offices to telework in Extreme Risk), by OHA's statewide indoor mask rule (July 1, 2020 - June 30, 2021) and by Oregon OSHA's OAR 437-001-0744 (AO 3-2020, adopted Nov. 6, eff. Nov. 16, 2020: 'applies to all employees working in places of employment'; distancing, masks, exposure risk assessment, infection control plan, ventilation, notification; permanent by AO 2-2021 May 4, 2021, 'remain in effect until revised or repealed'; masking renewed AO 10-2021 Aug. 13, 2021; medical removal benefits AO 12-2021 Sept. 16, 2021; repealed 2023)	Not closed; Phase 1 by county May 15, 2020	June 30, 2021 (EO 21-15 ended risk levels and capacity; OHA mask rule lifted); EO 20-03 emergency to Dec. 31, 2021 (EO 21-36 beyond)	Oregon OSHA rule all quarter (SEC-10-055, -056, -057); OAR 333-019-1025 indoor masks Aug. 13, 2021 (and outdoor Aug. 27); EO 21-29 State-employee vaccination (Aug. 13); OHA school masks Aug. 2 (WF); Multnomah County mask order Aug. 9 (MET-PDX)	PF; WH; EN; EV; HR; WF; CB	SEC-10-054, -055, -056, -057 (read; osha.oregon.gov).	Primary source read (OR-OSHA); Confirmed from a secondary source (EO 20-12)
PennsylvaniaPA	Order of the Governor and Order of the Secretary of Health Regarding the Closure of All Businesses That Are Not Life Sustaining (Mar. 19, 2020; eff. 8:00 p.m.; enforcement from Mar. 21/23) with the Industry Operation Guidance list (amended Mar. 20, 24, Apr. 20, May 19, 2020); Stay at Home orders Mar. 23 (seven counties) and Apr. 1, 2020 (statewide) to May 8/June 4, 2020	Closed unless on the life-sustaining list: 'No person or entity shall operate a place of business in the Commonwealth that is not a life sustaining business regardless of whether the business is open to members of the public. This prohibition does not apply to virtual or telework operations'; the list marked 'No' (physical locations must close) for Motor Vehicle Manufacturing, Motor Vehicle Body and Trailer, Motor Vehicle Parts, Aerospace Product and Parts, Railroad Rolling Stock, Industrial Machinery, Metalworking Machinery, Other General Purpose Machinery, Computer and Peripheral Equipment, Communications Equipment, Audio and Video Equipment, Electric Lighting, Household Appliance, Electrical Equipment, Other Electrical Equipment and Component, Cutlery and Handtool, Boiler, Tank and Shipping Container, Hardware, Spring and Wire, Other Fabricated Metal, Furniture, Apparel, Leather, Footwear, Wood Products, Glass, Clay, Lime and Gypsum, Paint, Tobacco, Textile Finishing, Magnetic and Optical Media, Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing; 'Yes' for food, beverage, paper, petroleum and coal, basic and pharmaceutical chemicals, rubber, cement and concrete, iron and steel, aluminum, agriculture, construction and mining machinery, commercial and service industry machinery, HVAC, semiconductors, medical equipment and supplies; DCED waivers case by case; Worker Safety Order (Apr. 15, 2020; enforceable Apr. 19): every business maintaining in-person operations to clean high-touch areas, stagger shifts, limit occupancy, provide and require masks and screen employees (PA-008); yellow phase by county May 8, 15, 22, 29, June 5, 2020; July 15, 2020 mitigation: telework 'unless not possible'; Nov. 23, 2020 mitigation order: telework required (lifted Apr. 4, 2021; expired May 31, 2021); masks July 1, 2020 - June 28, 2021; travel test-or-quarantine Nov. 20, 2020 - Mar. 1, 2021	May 8 - June 5, 2020 (yellow phase by county); manufacturing under the Worker Safety Order thereafter	May 31, 2021 (mitigation orders); June 28, 2021 (masks); disaster emergency terminated June 10, 2021 (H.R. 106); Act 21 of 2021 (P.L. 56, No. 21) regulatory suspensions to Sept. 30, 2021 (predicate)	None statewide for manufacturing; Aug. 31, 2021 school and early-learning face-covering order (eff. Sept. 7; WF); Philadelphia Board of Health regulations Aug. 12-16, 2021 (MET-PHL); Act 21 suspensions to Sept. 30 (predicate)	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; OP; WF; CB	PA-002, PA-003, PA-004, PA-008; PA-022, PA-033, PA-035, PA-036, PA-039, PA-040	Primary source read
Rhode IslandRI	EO 20-13 and 20-14 (Mar. 28, 2020): stay at home; non-critical retail closed; gatherings of 5; 14-day quarantine for all non-work arrivals (National Guard checkpoints)	Not closed; distancing; EO 20-24 (Apr. 14, 2020; eff. Apr. 18) required cloth face masks at work for employees of customer-facing and office businesses, renewed monthly (EO 20-30 public masks May 8, 2020; EOs 20-41, 20-60, 20-94, 21-47, 21-54, 21-58, 21-63, 21-69) to July 6, 2021 (EO 21-76); Phase I May 9, Phase II June 1, Phase III June 30, 2020; Pause Nov. 30 - Dec. 20, 2020 (remote work directed; offices limited); quarantine orders for arrivals from high-positivity States through 2021 (EO 21-26 etc.)	May 9, 2020 (EO 20-32)	May 21/28, 2021 (EO 21-57); July 6, 2021 (EO 21-76 terminated reopening and face-covering orders)	Face-covering order in force July 1-6, 2021 (EO 21-69, terminated by EO 21-76); disaster emergency continued (predicate)	PF (masks at work); EN; EV; TR; WF	governor.ri.gov	Primary source read (bundled)
South CarolinaSC	EO 2020-17 (Mar. 31; eff. Apr. 1, 2020) and EO 2020-18 (Apr. 3; eff. Apr. 6) closed recreation, entertainment, close-contact and listed retail; EO 2020-21 Home or Work Order (Apr. 6, 2020; eff. Apr. 7, 5:00 p.m. - May 4, 2020)	Open: residents required to remain at home or work except for Essential Business, Essential Activities or Critical Infrastructure Operations; manufacturing continued; travel quarantine EO 2020-14/19 (Mar. 27 - May 1, 2020) for arrivals from NY, NJ, CT, New Orleans; EO 2020-50 series (Aug. 2, 2020 - Mar. 5, 2021): gatherings limited to 50 percent or 250 persons (EV); restaurant staff masks; no general statewide mask	Apr. 20, 2020 (retail); May 4, 2020 (Home or Work lifted)	Mar. 5, 2021 (EO 2021-12); EO 2021-23 (May 11, 2021) barred local mask mandates.	None	EV; TR; WF; CB	governor.sc.gov (read).	Primary source read
South DakotaSD	No stay-at-home order and no business closures; EO 2020-08 (Mar. 23, 2020) directed enclosed retail promoting gatherings of 10+ to modify operations	Open; EO 2020-12 (Apr. 6-28, 2020) required businesses to implement CDC practices ('employee screenings, staggering shifts, and flexible schedules'), encouraged remote work and limited non-essential business travel; EO 2020-13 (Apr. 6-27, 2020) ordered vulnerable residents of Minnehaha and Lincoln Counties (Sioux Falls; Smithfield outbreak) to stay home; EO 13917 reached the Smithfield plant	Apr. 28, 2020 (Back to Normal)	Apr. 28, 2020	None	PF (CDC practices directed); TR; WF		Confirmed from a secondary source
TennesseeTN	No verified sector-specific instrument is indexed for this State in this table. The State's general orders are in the Library under the State's own page.
TexasTX	GA-08 (Mar. 19, 2020; Mar. 20 - Apr. 3): gatherings of 10 avoided; work from home where feasible; GA-14 (Mar. 31, 2020; eff. Apr. 2, 12:01 a.m. - Apr. 30): every person to minimize social gatherings and in-person contact 'except where necessary to provide or obtain essential services'	Essential services 'shall consist of everything listed by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security in its Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 2.0' plus religious services; manufacturing within CISA critical manufacturing and supply chains continued; remote work strongly encouraged; GA-11/GA-12 air and road travel quarantines (Mar. 28 - May 21, 2020) for arrivals from NY, NJ, CT, New Orleans, Louisiana, California, Washington, Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Miami (TR); GA-18 Phase I May 1; GA-28 (June 26, 2020) outdoor gatherings over 100 need approval; GA-29 masks (July 3, 2020 - Mar. 10, 2021) inside commercial entities in counties with 20+ cases (PF)	May 1, 2020 (GA-18)	GA-34 Mar. 10, 2021 (all occupancy limits and the mask mandate rescinded); GA-36 May 18, 2021 and GA-38 July 29, 2021 barred local mandates	None statewide (disaster declaration renewed monthly, predicate); Harris, Dallas, Bexar and Travis County orders of Aug. 2021 litigated under GA-38 (MET-HOU, MET-DFW, MET-SAT, MET-AUS)	PF (masks); EN; EV; TR; WF; CB	gov.texas.gov (read).	Primary source read (GA-14; GA-34); Confirmed from a secondary source (GA-29).
UtahUT	Stay Safe, Stay Home Directive (Mar. 27 - May 1, 2020; advisory); mandatory county stay-home orders in Salt Lake, Summit, Wasatch, Davis, Weber-Morgan and Tooele Counties and Salt Lake City (MET-SLC)	Open statewide (directive advisory); Utah Leads Together Orange May 1 (gatherings 20), Yellow May 16, 2020 (gatherings 50); EO 2020-73 and PHO 2020-18 (Nov. 9, 2020): masks required at work and within six feet of non-household persons; 'all businesses must require employees and contractors to mask'; casual gatherings limited to households for two weeks; mask mandate to Apr. 10, 2021 (HB 294); travel declaration EO 2020-15/16 Apr. 10 - May 1, 2020	May 1, 2020	Apr. 10, 2021 (masks); May 5, 2021 (remaining orders; HB 294)	None	PF (masks Nov. 2020 - Apr. 2021); EN; EV; TR; WF	rules.utah.gov	Primary source read (EO 2020-73); Confirmed from a secondary source (rest)
VermontVT	Addendum 6 to EO 01-20 Stay Home, Stay Safe (Mar. 24, 2020; eff. Mar. 25, 5:00 p.m. - Apr. 15; extended to May 15, 2020)	All businesses not deemed critical (ACCD list) to suspend in-person operations and telework; manufacturing resumed with limited crews Apr. 20-27 (Addenda 10, 11) and 'at full operation with VOSHA training' under Addendum 12 (May 4, 2020) and ACCD Work Safe mandatory guidance (masks, distancing, health screening, telework wherever possible); 14-day quarantine for arrivals Mar. 30, 2020 (Addendum 7) through spring 2021 (travel map June 8 - Nov. 10, 2020); masks Aug. 1, 2020 - June 14, 2021; Addendum 8 (Nov. 14, 2020) employers to telework 'to the maximum extent possible'; multi-household gatherings suspended Nov. 14, 2020 - 2021	May 4, 2020 (Addendum 12)	June 14/15, 2021 (Vermont Forward; emergency terminated June 15, 2021)	None	PF; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF	Governor.vermont.gov PDF 404)	Confirmed from a secondary source
VirginiaVA	EO 53 (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 11:59 p.m. - May 14, 2020): gatherings of 10 barred; recreation and entertainment closed; non-essential retail limited to 10 patrons; 'all businesses to use telework as much as possible'; EO 55 Temporary Stay at Home (Mar. 30 - June 10, 2020)	Not closed; telework directed; Phase One May 15, 2020 (Northern Virginia, Richmond, Accomack May 29); masks EO 63 May 29, 2020 - May 28, 2021; Virginia Emergency Temporary Standard 16VAC25-220 (adopted July 15; eff. July 27, 2020): 'shall apply to every employer, employee, and place of employment' under VOSH jurisdiction; exposure classification of every job task (very high, high, medium, lower); § 40 mandatory requirements for all employers (screening, notification within 24 hours, return-to-work, distancing, face coverings where distancing not maintained, sanitation); § 70 infectious disease preparedness and response plan and § 80 training for very high, high and medium exposure workplaces (most manufacturing floors); Final Permanent Standard eff. Jan. 27, 2021 (Va. Reg. vol. 37, issue 13); amended eff. Sept. 8, 2021 (vol. 38, issue 3); revoked Mar. 23, 2022 (chapter now shown '[Repealed]'); EO 72 (Dec. 14, 2020 - Feb. 28, 2021; gatherings 10; curfew; telework strongly encouraged); EO 79 May 28, 2021 lifted	Not closed; Phase One May 15, 2020	May 28, 2021 (EO 79); emergency expired June 30, 2021; 16VAC25-220 continued	16VAC25-220 permanent standard all quarter (as amended Sept. 8, 2021) (SEC-10-043); PHO Aug. 12, 2021 school masks (WF); Northern Virginia county instruments (MET-DCM)	PF; WH; EN; EV; HR; WF; CB	SEC-10-042, -043 (read); EO 53/55/63/72/79 bundled (secondary; governor.virginia.gov archive 404)	Primary source read (standard); Confirmed from a secondary source (EOs)
WashingtonWA	Proclamation 20-25 Stay Home - Stay Healthy (Mar. 23, 2020; gatherings banned immediately; non-essential businesses to cease 11:59 p.m. Mar. 25 - Apr. 6; extended by 20-25.1 to May 4 and 20-25.3 to May 31, 2020)	Closed unless essential: 'all non-essential businesses in Washington State shall cease operations except for performing basic minimum operations'; essential per the Governor's Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (CISA-based; manufacturing of essential goods); Secretary of Health Order 20-03 masks June 26, 2020 (employees June 8 under L&I; customers July 7) - June 2021; 20-25.8 (Nov. 16, 2020 - Jan. 11, 2021: offices 25 percent, telework strongly encouraged); 20-25.12 Healthy Washington (Jan. 11 - June 30, 2021; Phase 3 Mar. 22)	Phase 1 (May 2020) by county with manufacturing requirements; Phase 2 June 2020	June 30, 2021 (Washington Ready; capacity and gathering limits ended); emergency to Oct. 31, 2022 (predicate)	Secretary of Health Order 20-03.4 (Aug. 19, eff. Aug. 23, 2021): face coverings 'regardless of their vaccination status, when in a place where any person from outside their household is present or in a public place'; 20-03.5 (Sept. 13, 2021) outdoor events of 500+; 20-03.6 (Sept. 24) (SEC-10-070 recitals); Proclamation 21-14 (Aug. 9, 2021) State-worker and health-care vaccination (CB); L&I mask requirements for workers followed the DOH order; King County and Seattle instruments (MET-SEA)	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; HR; WF; CB	governor.wa.gov (read) SEC-10-070 (read).	Primary source read (20-25; 20-03.4 by recital).
West VirginiaWV	EO 9-20 Stay at Home (Mar. 23, 2020; eff. Mar. 24, 8:00 p.m. - May 4, 2020)	Non-essential businesses closed; essential per CISA (manufacturing) with distancing; Safer at Home May 4, 2020; masks EO 50-20 July 7, 2020 - June 20, 2021 (EO 77-20 Nov. 14, 2020 removed the distancing exception); social gatherings limited to 25 July 14, 2020 - Feb. 20, 2021 (EV)	May 4, 2020	Mar. 6, 2021 (EO 8-21: 100 percent capacity; gatherings 100); June 20, 2021 (masks)	None (emergency continued; predicate)	PF; EV; TR; WF	Governor.wv.gov PDF 404)	Confirmed from a secondary source
WisconsinWI	DHS Emergency Order #12 Safer at Home (Mar. 24, 2020; eff. Mar. 25, 8:00 a.m. - Apr. 24); EMO #28 (Apr. 16; eff. Apr. 24 - May 26, 2020) held unenforceable May 13, 2020 (Wisconsin Legislature v. Palm, 2020 WI 42)	'Non-essential business and operations must cease' except Minimum Basic Operations; Essential Businesses include the CISA list and 'Manufacture, distribution, and supply chain for critical products and industries' and businesses that 'sell, manufacture, or supply other Essential Businesses and Operations'; 'All businesses, including Essential Businesses and Operations, shall, to the greatest extent possible, use technology to avoid meeting in person'; penalties up to 30 days and $250; after Palm, local orders (Dane County; Milwaukee) governed; EmO #1 masks Aug. 1, 2020 - Mar. 31, 2021 (Fabick v. Evers); EmO #3 (Oct. 8 - Nov. 6, 2020) public gatherings 25 percent, expressly excluding 'manufacturing plant, and other facilities that are accessible only by employees'	May 13, 2020 (Palm); local orders thereafter	May 13, 2020 (State); Mar. 31, 2021 (mask order); Dane County and Milwaukee into mid-2021 (MET-MKE)	None statewide; Dane County mask order Aug. 19, 2021 (MET-MKE)	PF; WH; SC; DS; EN; EV; TR; WF; CB	evers.wi.gov (read).	Primary source read
WyomingWY	No stay-at-home order; Statewide Public Health Orders No. 1 (Mar. 19, 2020; closures of bars, dine-in, theaters, gyms, schools, child care), No. 2 (Mar. 20; gatherings of 10+ in a confined space prohibited), No. 3 (Mar. 24; personal services closed)	Open; Order No. 2's gathering cap (10, then 25 May 15, 50 June 1, 250 outdoor June 15, 2020; Nov. 24, 2020 indoor 25 percent/100; Mar. 1-15, 2021 25 percent/1,000) governed meetings, trade shows and field events (EV); travel quarantine for non-business arrivals Apr. 3 - May 8, 2020; masks Order No. 4 Dec. 9, 2020 - Mar. 16, 2021	May 1-15, 2020	Mar. 16, 2021 (all statewide orders lifted)	None	EV; TR; PF (masks Dec. 2020 - Mar. 2021); WF	health.wyo.gov	Primary source read (bundled) / Confirmed from a secondary source (caps chronology)

Sector instruments in the Library

The 46 instruments filed under this industry's own sector: regulators' rules and orders, federal directives aimed at it, and the context documents that describe them, in date order. Open the list in the Library to filter by type and quarter, or download the exhibits.

Exhibit	Instrument	Issuer	Date	Types	Quarters
Ex. SEC-10-001	Executive Order 13909, Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 16227 (Mar. 23, 2020)	President (Executive Order 13909)	Mar. 18, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-023	Executive Order No. 107Stay at home; closure of non-essential retail; cancellation of gatherings; telework accommodation	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Mar. 21, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-034	Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8)Stay at home; cessation of non-essential business operations; gatherings prohibited	Governor J.B. Pritzker	Mar. 21, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-026	Guidance for Determining Whether a Business Enterprise is Subject to a Workforce Reduction Under Recent Executive Orders (ESD essential business guidance)ESD Guidance on Executive Order 202.6 (as archived June 1, 2020)	Empire State Development (guidance issued under EO 202.6)	Mar. 22, 2020	Business closureTelework mandate	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-002	Executive Order 13910, Preventing Hoarding of Health and Medical Resources To Respond to the Spread of COVID-1985 Fed. Reg. 17001 (Mar. 26, 2020)	President (Executive Order 13910)	Mar. 23, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-050	Executive Order 2020-257 (Healthy at Home)Closure of all non-life-sustaining businesses	Governor Andy Beshear	Mar. 26, 2020	Business closureTelework mandate	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-003	Executive Order 13911, Delegating Additional Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Health and Medical Resources To Respond to the Spread of COVID-1985 Fed. Reg. 18403 (Apr. 1, 2020)	President (Executive Order 13911)	Mar. 27, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-010	Memorandum on Order Under the Defense Production Act Regarding General Motors CompanyOrder Under the Defense Production Act Regarding General Motors Company	President (Memorandum for the Secretary of HHS)	Mar. 27, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-011	Memorandum on Order Under the Defense Production Act Regarding 3M CompanyOrder Under the Defense Production Act Regarding 3M Company	President (Memorandum for the Secretary of Homeland Security)	Apr. 2, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-012	Memorandum on Order Under the Defense Production Act Regarding the Purchase of VentilatorsOrder Under the Defense Production Act Regarding the Purchase of Ventilators	President (Memorandum for the Secretary of HHS)	Apr. 2, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-013	Memorandum on Allocating Certain Scarce or Threatened Health and Medical Resources to Domestic Use	President (Memorandum for the Secretaries of HHS and Homeland Security)	Apr. 3, 2020	Travel and quarantineSupply chain	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-004	Temporary final rule, Prioritization and Allocation of Certain Scarce or Threatened Health and Medical Resources for Domestic Use, 44 C.F.R. part 32885 Fed. Reg. 20195 (Apr. 10, 2020)	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Apr. 7, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-020	Executive Order No. 122Cessation of non-essential construction; mitigation requirements for essential retail, manufacturing and warehousing; face coverings	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Apr. 10, 2020	Business closureFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-044	Emergency Executive Order 20-40Allowing Workers in Non-Critical Sectors to Return to Safe Workplaces	Governor Tim Walz	Apr. 26, 2020	Business closureTelework mandateWorkplace rules	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-005	Executive Order 13917, Delegating Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Food Supply Chain Resources During the National Emergency Caused by the Outbreak of COVID-1985 Fed. Reg. 26313 (May 1, 2020)	President (Executive Order 13917)	Apr. 28, 2020	Workplace rulesSupply chain	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-035	Executive Order 2020-32 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 30)Modified stay at home order (Restore Illinois Phase 2)	Governor J.B. Pritzker	May 1, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-048	Director's Stay Safe Ohio OrderDirector's Stay Safe Ohio Order (Apr. 30, 2020): reopening of manufacturing, distribution and construction (May 4), general office (May 4)…	Dr. Amy Acton, Director, Ohio Department of Health	May 1, 2020	Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-053	CHFS Order of May 9, 2020 and Healthy at Work Minimum Requirements (Version 1.1, effective May 9, 2020)Healthy at Work Minimum Requirements for all entities	Cabinet for Health and Family Services (Secretary Eric Friedlander) at the direction of the Governor	May 9, 2020	Telework mandateCapacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-051	Healthy at Work Requirements for Manufacturing, Distribution, and Supply Chain Businesses, Version 1.2Requirements for Manufacturing, Distribution, and Supply Chain Businesses (effective May 11, 2020)	Cabinet for Health and Family Services; Governor (Healthy at Work)	May 11, 2020	Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-007	Final rule, Emergency Management Priorities and Allocations System (EMPAS), 44 C.F.R. part 33385 Fed. Reg. 28500 (May 13, 2020)	FEMA, DHS	May 13, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-090	G.17 Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization, April 2020 (released May 15, 2020)Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization - G.17, May 15, 2020	Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System	May 15, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-10-045	Emergency Executive Order 20-56Safely Reopening Minnesota's Economy and Ensuring Safe Non-Work Activities during the COVID-19 Peacetime Emergency	Governor Tim Walz	May 18, 2020	Telework mandateGathering capWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-046	Sector-Specific Workplace Safety Standards for Manufacturing to Address COVID-19 (Phase I), with checklistSafety Standards and Checklist: Manufacturing (mass.gov, May 18, 2020)	Governor Charles D. Baker; Department of Public Health; Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development	May 18, 2020	Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-037	Executive Order 2020-43 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 41)Restore Illinois Phase 4	Governor J.B. Pritzker	June 26, 2020	Telework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementEvents and venuesWorkplace rules	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-042	16VAC25-220, Emergency Temporary Standard, Infectious Disease Prevention: SARS-CoV-2 Virus That Causes COVID-1916VAC25-220 ETS (adopted July 15, 2020; effective July 27, 2020)	Virginia Safety and Health Codes Board; Department of Labor and Industry	July 27, 2020	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-10-006	Executive Order 13944, Combating Public Health Emergencies and Strengthening National Security by Ensuring Essential Medicines, Medical Countermeasures, and Critical Inputs Are Made in the United States85 Fed. Reg. 49929 (Aug. 14, 2020)	President (Executive Order 13944)	Aug. 6, 2020	Supply chainOther	2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-008	Temporary final rule, Prioritization and Allocation of Certain Scarce and Critical Health and Medical Resources for Domestic Use (extension with modifications)85 Fed. Reg. 48113 (Aug. 10, 2020)	FEMA, DHS	Aug. 10, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q32020 Q4
Ex. SEC-10-024	Ballotpedia, Documenting Michigan's path to recovery from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 2020-2021 (secondary chronology)Secondary source for: MIOSHA extension of the COVID-19 workplace emergency rules on Apr. 13, 2021 'through Oct. 14' [2021]; the rules'…	Ballotpedia (secondary source) recording MIOSHA and Governor actions	Oct. 14, 2020	Telework mandateFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-021	Executive Order No. 192Mandatory health and safety protocols for all New Jersey workplaces requiring in-person work	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Nov. 5, 2020	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-054	Administrative Order 3-2020, Temporary Rule Addressing the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency in All Oregon Workplaces, OAR 437-001-0744OAR 437-001-0744 Addressing COVID-19 Workplace Risks (adopted Nov. 6, 2020; effective Nov. 16, 2020)	Oregon OSHA, Department of Consumer and Business Services	Nov. 16, 2020	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-038	Executive Order 2020-73 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 69)Tier 3 Resurgence Mitigations (statewide)	Governor J.B. Pritzker	Nov. 20, 2020	Telework mandateCapacity limitGathering capFace-covering requirementEvents and venuesWorkplace rules	2020 Q42021 Q1
Ex. SEC-10-039	Title 8, California Code of Regulations, § 3205 COVID-19 Prevention (DIR page as archived June 23, 2021, linking the June 17, 2021 readoption text)§ 3205. COVID-19 Prevention (dir.ca.gov/title8/3205.html)	Cal/OSHA; Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board (DIR title 8 page)	Nov. 30, 2020	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-009	Temporary final rule, Prioritization and Allocation of Certain Scarce and Critical Health and Medical Resources for Domestic Use (second extension)85 Fed. Reg. 86835 (Dec. 31, 2020)	FEMA, DHS	Dec. 31, 2020	Supply chain	2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-043	16VAC25-220, Final Permanent Standard for Infectious Disease Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus That Causes COVID-19 (chapter text as of Sept. 28, 2021, with derivation and amendment history)16VAC25-220 (Va. Reg. vol. 37, issue 13, eff. Jan. 27, 2021; amended vol. 38, issue 3, eff. Sept. 8, 2021)	Virginia Safety and Health Codes Board	Jan. 27, 2021	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-014	National Emphasis Program - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), DIR 2021-01 (CPL-03)DIR 2021-01 (CPL-03), effective Mar. 12, 2021	OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor	Mar. 12, 2021	Workplace rules	2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-055	Administrative Order 2-2021, Rule Addressing COVID-19 Workplace Risks (permanent), OAR 437-001-0744OAR 437-001-0744 (permanent; adopted and effective May 4, 2021)	Oregon OSHA	May 4, 2021	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-022	Executive Order No. 243Rescinding the telework-accommodation requirement of EO 107 and indoor workplace masking requirements of EO 192 effective June 4, 2021	Governor Philip D. Murphy	June 4, 2021	Other	2021 Q2
Ex. SEC-10-029	S.1034-B (HERO Act), enacted May 5, 2021 as L. 2021, ch. 105; amended by ch. 145 (June 11, 2021)An act to amend the labor law, in relation to preventing occupational exposure to an airborne infectious disease	New York State Legislature; Governor (L. 2021, ch. 105)	June 4, 2021	Workplace rules	2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-041	COVID-19 Prevention Emergency Temporary Standards, 8 CCR §§ 3205, 3205.1, 3205.2, 3205.3, 3205.4, readoption approved text (June 17, 2021)Title 8, §§ 3205-3205.4, COVID-19 Prevention (readopted June 17, 2021)	Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board; Cal/OSHA	June 17, 2021	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2021 Q22021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-028	NYS DOL, NY HERO Act page (Sept. 6, 2021 snapshot) publishing the Airborne Infectious Disease Exposure Prevention Standard and model plansNY HERO Act - Airborne Infectious Disease Exposure Prevention Standard; Model Plan; industry templates	New York State Department of Labor	July 6, 2021	Workplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-015	Revised National Emphasis Program - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03)DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), effective July 7, 2021	OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor	July 7, 2021	Workplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-056	Administrative Order 10-2021, Renewed Masking Requirements in Rules Addressing the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency in All Oregon Workplaces (amending OAR 437-001-0744)AO 10-2021 (adopted and effective Aug. 13, 2021)	Oregon OSHA	Aug. 13, 2021	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-070	Order of the Secretary of Health 20-03.7 (Feb. 16, 2022) amending Order 20-03, reciting 20-03.4 (Aug. 19, 2021), 20-03.5 (Sept. 13, 2021) and 20-03.6 (Sept. 24, 2021)Statewide Face Coverings order chain: 20-03 (June 24, 2020) through 20-03.7	Secretary of Health Umair A. Shah	Aug. 23, 2021	Face-covering requirement	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-036	Executive Order 2021-20 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 87)Face covering requirements for individuals (Aug. 30, 2021); vaccination requirements for health care workers, school personnel and higher…	Governor J.B. Pritzker	Aug. 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementVaccination or testing	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-031	Designation of COVID-19 as a highly contagious communicable disease under the HERO Act (Sept. 6, 2021), as reported on the DOL HERO Act page (Sept. 8, 2021 snapshot)NY HERO Act - COVID-19 designated; employers must activate airborne infectious disease exposure prevention plans	New York State Department of Labor (reporting the Commissioner of Health's designation)	Sept. 6, 2021	Face-covering requirementWorkplace rules	2021 Q3
Ex. SEC-10-057	Administrative Order 12-2021, Medical Relief Benefits in Rules Addressing the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency in All Workplaces (amending OAR 437-001-0744)AO 12-2021 (adopted Sept. 14, 2021; effective Sept. 16, 2021)	Oregon OSHA	Sept. 16, 2021	Workplace rulesQuarantine and isolation	2021 Q3

Third quarter of 2021: the instruments in force

The quarter the Service's letters most often dispute. The record shows these instruments in force on this industry's functions between July 1 and September 30, 2021; an order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it, and the State, metropolitan and federal layers on the quarter page add to the list.

In force, July 1 – Sept. 30, 2021

FED-020 CDC conveyance mask order, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 (Feb. 1, 2021) [WF commutes; TR]
FED-051 TSA SD 1582/84-21-01A (May 12 - Sept. 13, 2021) and FED-052 SD 1582/84-21-01B (Sept. 14, 2021 - Jan. 18, 2022) [WF; TR]
Presidential entry proclamations 9984, 9992, 9993, 9996, 10041, 10143 (Jan. 25, 2021) and 10199 (Apr. 30, 2021), in force to Nov. 8, 2021 (Proclamation 10294) [EV; TR; SC; CB] (FED-B exhibits; cite by name)
DHS land-border notifications limiting non-essential travel at the Canada and Mexico land ports of entry, monthly extensions through the July 21, Aug. 20 and Sept. 20, 2021 notices to Oct. 21, 2021 and then Nov. 8, 2021 [EV; TR; DS; CB] (FED-B; cite by name)
CDC amended order requiring pre-departure testing of international air passengers (Jan. 26, 2021 onward) [TR; EV]
SEC-10-015 OSHA National Emphasis Program, DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), effective July 7, 2021, targeting manufacturing establishments (meat and poultry 311611/311612/311615; the former Appendix B manufacturing NAICS) [PF; EMP posture]
SEC-10-041 Cal/OSHA COVID-19 Prevention ETS, 8 CCR 3205-3205.4, as readopted June 17, 2021 (all employees and places of employment; written COVID-19 Prevention Program; exclusion of cases and exposed employees with pay; face coverings; outbreak testing) [PF; WH; EN; HR; WF]
SEC-10-055 Oregon OSHA OAR 437-001-0744 (permanent, May 4, 2021; 'applies to all employees working in places of employment') with SEC-10-056 AO 10-2021 renewed masking (Aug. 13, 2021) and SEC-10-057 AO 12-2021 medical removal benefits (Sept. 16, 2021) [PF; WH; EN; HR; WF]
SEC-10-043 Virginia 16VAC25-220 permanent standard (eff. Jan. 27, 2021; amended eff. Sept. 8, 2021; 'shall apply to every employer, employee, and place of employment') [PF; WH; EN; HR; WF]
SEC-10-029 / SEC-10-031 New York HERO Act, Labor Law 218-b: airborne infectious disease exposure prevention plans (standard published July 6, 2021; plans adopted by Aug. 5, 2021) activated by the Commissioner of Health's designation of COVID-19 on Sept. 6, 2021 (daily health screening, face coverings where distancing is not possible, distancing, cleaning, controls) [PF; WH; EN; HR; WF]
SEC-10-070 (recitals) Washington Secretary of Health Order 20-03.4 (Aug. 19, eff. Aug. 23, 2021): face coverings for all persons regardless of vaccination status in any place where a person from outside the household is present or in a public place; 20-03.5 (Sept. 13; outdoor events of 500+) [PF; WH; EN; EV]
SEC-10-036 Illinois EO 2021-20 (Aug. 26, 2021): face coverings for all persons two and older in indoor public places from Aug. 30, 2021 regardless of vaccination status [PF (indoor public areas of plants); EN; EV; WF]
Nevada Emergency Directive 047 (July 27, eff. July 30, 2021): face coverings indoors in public in counties with substantial or high transmission (Clark, Washoe and others) [PF; EN; EV]
Hawaii statewide indoor face-covering requirement (Fifth and successive Supplementary Proclamations; in force all quarter) and county gathering caps of Aug. 2021 [PF; EN; EV]
Rhode Island face-covering orders (EO 20-24 workplace masks Apr. 18, 2020, renewed through EO 21-69 of June 18, 2021; terminated by EO 21-76 July 6, 2021) in force July 1-6, 2021 [PF; EN]
Oregon OAR 333-019-1025 (Aug. 13, 2021) indoor face coverings statewide [PF; EN; EV]
County and city indoor mask orders of July-Sept. 2021: Los Angeles County (July 17), Sacramento (July 30), Bay Area counties, St. Louis City and County (July 26), Kansas City (Aug. 2), New Orleans (Aug. 4), Philadelphia (Aug. 12), Mecklenburg (Aug. 18), Boston (Aug. 27), Montgomery County MD (Aug. 7) [PF; EN; EV; WF]
School and child-care face-covering and quarantine orders for the 2021-22 year (CA CDPH July 12; IL Aug. 4; OR Aug. 2; NJ EO 251 Aug. 6; KY EO 2021-585 Aug. 10; DE Aug. 10; PA Aug. 31/Sept. 7; VA Aug. 12; NY DOH Sept. 2; WA; LA; NV; NM; HI) [WF]
State health-care-worker and public-employee vaccination mandates of Aug.-Sept. 2021 (CA July 26/Aug. 5; NY Aug. 26; WA Proc. 21-14 Aug. 9; OR EO 21-29 Aug. 13; NJ EO 252 Aug. 6; IL EO 2021-20 § 2) reaching manufacturers' customers and clinics [CB; HR] (ECO-B)
FED-063 EO 14042 (Sept. 9, 2021) and the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force contractor guidance (Sept. 24, 2021; OMB determination 86 Fed. Reg. 53691) reaching manufacturers holding covered federal contracts [HR; PF; EN] and the Task Force's July 29, 2021 visitor and on-site rules for federal facilities [EV field service]
FED-016 HHS PHE renewal (July 19, 2021) and FED-002 continuation of Proclamation 9994 (predicate only)
Continuing State emergency declarations in force July 1 - Sept. 30, 2021 (CA to Feb. 2023; NY ended June 24, 2021; NJ PHE ended June 4, 2021 with SOE continuing; WA to Oct. 31, 2022; IL renewed monthly; OR to Dec. 31, 2021; KY to Sept. 7, 2021 (HJR 1); PA Act 21 suspensions to Sept. 30, 2021; MI ended; TX renewed monthly)

The third quarter of 2021 across every State, and this industry's quarter analysis.

Group meetings, trade shows and seasons disrupted

The organizers' own notices of the trade shows, conventions, conferences and seasons of this industry that the orders cancelled, postponed or moved online: 32 notices, each graded and sourced. The Suspension Clause names “group meetings” in terms.

Date	Organizer notice	Grade	Exhibit and source
Mar. 3, 2020	New Hope Natural Products Expo West 2020 Postponed Organizer Notice	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-028 Open · Source
Mar. 12, 2020	Land Line MATS 2020 Canceled secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-002 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	OTC 2020 Houston Postponed Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-003 Open · Source
Mar. 13, 2020	SpaceNews Space Symposium 2020 Postponed secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-030 Open · Source
Mar. 24, 2020	Vending Times 2020 Sweets and Snacks Expo Canceled secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-027 Open · Source
Mar. 28, 2020	NAIAS 2020 Cancellation Notice DADA	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-001 Open · Source
Apr. 2, 2020	OTC 2020 Houston Cancelled Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-004 Open · Source
May 1, 2020	EAA AirVenture 2020 Cancellation Rollover Notice	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-009 Open · Source
May 1, 2020	WTTW McCormick Place Field Hospital Closes secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-020 Open · Source
May 1, 2020	AOPA EAA AirVenture 2020 Canceled secondary	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-026 Open · Source
May 6, 2020	Michigan Public TCF Center Field Hospital Closes secondary	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-025 Open · Source
May 13, 2020	International Mining MINExpo 2020 Postponed secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-017 Open · Source
June 29, 2020	KHGI Husker Harvest Days 2020 Canceled secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-023 Open · Source
June 30, 2020	PMMI Conducting Virtual FATs Best Practices	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-032 Open · Source
July 1, 2020	NBAA Cancels 2020 NBAA BACE Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-006 Open · Source
July 10, 2020	Apparel News Informa Cancels September 2020 Las Vegas MAGIC secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-019 Open · Source
July 16, 2020	SEMA Safety Requirements 2020 SEMA Show	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-014 Open · Source
Aug. 5, 2020	SEMA Statement 2020 SEMA Show Cancelled	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-013 Open · Source
Aug. 6, 2020	PMMI PACK EXPO International 2020 Canceled Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-008 Open · Source
Aug. 27, 2020	SEMA SEMA360 eMarketplace Announcement	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-015 Open · Source
Sept. 1, 2020	PMMI PACK EXPO Connects Virtual Expansion Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-012 Open · Source
Sept. 21, 2020	ClickOnDetroit NAIAS 2021 Moved to September secondary	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-021 Open · Source
Oct. 8, 2020	gCaptain International WorkBoat Show 2020 Cancelled secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-018 Open · Source
Oct. 19, 2020	Microsoft Blog All Digital CES 2021 secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-029 Open · Source
Oct. 30, 2020	Military com NSSF Cancels 2021 SHOT Show secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-016 Open · Source
Nov. 16, 2020	OTC 2021 Postponed to August Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-005 Open · Source
Dec. 18, 2020	Land Line MATS Plans to Reschedule 2021 secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-024 Open · Source
Feb. 16, 2021	Land Line MATS 2021 Rescheduled to March 2022 secondary	Confirmed from a secondary source	Ex. SEC-10-GM-011 Open · Source
May 5, 2021	FDA Resiliency Roadmap Inspectional Oversight	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-031 Open · Source
June 16, 2021	World of Concrete 2021 June Las Vegas Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-007 Open · Source
Aug. 19, 2021	AWFS Fair 2021 Las Vegas Held Education Recap	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-010 Open · Source
Aug. 20, 2021	OTC 2021 Held August Houston Thank You Release	Primary source read	Ex. SEC-10-GM-022 Open · Source

All cancelled meetings in the Library.

Read the analysis

The analysis of this industry runs to seven further pages. Each carries its own notes and exhibit links.

Part 1 of 7How a typical employer operatesThe functions of the business, its revenue lines, its workforce, its suppliers and counterparties, its seasons, and how the orders reached each of them.Part 2 of 7The orders by layerFederal, State, metro, sector regulator, standing duty and counterparty: the instruments that reached this industry, layer by layer, with exhibit links.Part 3 of 7The six quartersWhat was in force on this industry's functions in each quarter from 2020 Q2 through 2021 Q3, with the third quarter of 2021 answered instrument by instrument.Part 4 of 7Function by functionEach function of the business, the orders that reached it and the change they compelled, one function at a time.Part 5 of 7The interconnected economyHow orders on suppliers, customers, carriers and workers reached this industry, and why an order's effect on a business outlasts the order's end date.Part 6 of 7The Service's positions, answeredThe fourteen sentences the Service's letters use, each quoted and answered for this industry from the public record.Part 7 of 7FindingsThe conclusions for each of the six quarters and the standard of proof they meet.