The COVID Project
The record
- Level
- Legal authority
- Authority
- Connecticut National Bank v. Germain, 503 U.S. 249 (1992)
- Issued
- 1992-03-09 Mar. 9, 1992
- In force
- Mar. 9, 1992 (no end date recorded; counted as in force for 120 days)
- Character
- case
Operative words
We have stated time and again that courts must presume that a legislature says in a statute what it means and means in a statute what it says there.... When the words of a statute are unambiguous, then, this first canon is also the last: "judicial inquiry is complete." (Germain, 503 U.S. at 253-54). "When we find the terms of a statute unambiguous, judicial inquiry is complete, except 'in rare and exceptional circumstances.'" (Rubin, 449 U.S. at 430)
Notes
Tri-State applies Germain at 16 (refusing to 'adopt additional requirements not provided for in the statute') and at 17-18 (the meaning of 'due to' is plain; 'judicial inquiry is complete').