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The Orders Library

Name: The COVID Project Orders Library
Creator: The COVID Project

13,511 instruments indexed by The COVID Project: the orders of the fifty States and the District, forty metros, the federal layer and the agencies; the standing duties; the organizers' notices; the legal authorities. Filter by kind, State, limitation type, quarter and more; open the exhibit; download what you find.

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1,077 instruments · showing 751–775

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Exhibit	Instrument	Issuer	Jurisdiction	Issued	Quarters	Limitations	Grade
Ex. DUT-CA-020	Opinion: Kuciemba v. Victory Woodworks, Inc., No. S274191 (Cal. July 6, 2023), 14 Cal.5th 993Kuciemba v. Victory Woodworks: employers 'allowed to continue operations during this time were subject to strict regulations designed to…	Supreme Court of California (Corrigan, J., for a unanimous court)	CaliforniaCourt	July 6, 2023		Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-HI-019	HIOSH web page, 'Employer Responsibilities'Employer Responsibilities	Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Division (HIOSH)	HawaiiState	Sept. 7, 2023	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-AZ-019	Published opinionMiller v. City of Scottsdale, No. 22-16004 (9th Cir. Dec. 8, 2023)	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (published opinion; Hurwitz, J., concurring)	United States (9th Cir.)Court	Dec. 8, 2023	2020 Q2	Standing dutyBusiness closureStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-MT-019	Stand Up Montana v. Missoula County Public Schools, 2023 MT 240, No. DA 23-0046 (Mont. Dec. 12, 2023)Opinion affirming summary judgment for the Missoula County school districts on the substantive due process challenge to their 2021-22 mask…	Supreme Court of Montana (Gustafson, J.)	MontanaCourt	Dec. 12, 2023		Standing dutyFace-covering requirementSchools and child careWorkplace rules	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-OR-016	Along Came Trudy LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 330 Or App 295, 543 P3d 751 (Jan. 24, 2024), rev den, 372 Or 588 (July 18, 2024) (A178679; OLCC21V003): judicial review affirming cancellation of a Lane County restaurant and event venue's liquor license for three violations of EO 20-66 (indoor dining while prohibited)Along Came Trudy LLC, dba Along Came Trudy, Petitioner, v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, Respondent	Oregon Court of Appeals (Kamins, J., with Tookey, P.J., and Egan, J.); review denied by the Oregon Supreme Court	OregonCourt	Jan. 24, 2024	2020 Q42021 Q1	Standing dutyBusiness closureCapacity limitFace-covering requirementOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-AR-004	Ark. Code Ann. 20-7-113, NuisancesArk. Code Ann. 20-7-113. Nuisances (Governor may require the Board to examine nuisances affecting life and health, declare public nuisances…	General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1881, No. 85, secs. 8-9)	ArkansasState	Mar. 28, 2024	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyBusiness closureStanding dutyOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-AR-009	Ark. Code Ann. 11-2-102, Definitions ('employer'; 'safe' or 'safety')Ark. Code Ann. 11-2-102. Definitions (employer includes every person having control or custody of any employment, place of employment or…	General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1937, No. 161, secs. 1, 9)	ArkansasState	Mar. 28, 2024	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-AR-010	Ark. Code Ann. 11-2-104, PenaltiesArk. Code Ann. 11-2-104. Penalties (misdemeanor for an employer or owner violating the subchapter or any lawful order of the Director of the…	General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1937, No. 161, sec. 21)	ArkansasState	Mar. 28, 2024	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-MN-018	Snell v. Walz, No. A21-0626 (Minn. May 10, 2024), 6 N.W.3d 458Snell v. Walz (Snell II): the Emergency Management Act authorizes the declaration of a peacetime emergency in response to a pandemic; no…	Supreme Court of Minnesota (Moore, III, J.; Anderson, J., concurring; Procaccini, J., took no part)	MinnesotaCourt	May 10, 2024	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-VT-014	21 V.S.A. sec. 223 (Duties)Duties of employers and employees (Vermont general duty clause)	Vermont General Assembly (Title 21, chapter 3, subchapter 5, Occupational Safety and Health: the VOSHA Code)	VermontState	July 1, 2024	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-VT-016	21 V.S.A. sec. 224 (Rules and standards)Rules and standards (adoption of VOSHA Code standards)	Vermont General Assembly (Title 21, chapter 3, subchapter 5)	VermontState	July 1, 2024	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-DE-012	Opinion, In re COVID-Related Restrictions on Religious Services, No. 354, 2023 (Del. Aug. 1, 2024) (affirming the Court of Chancery, C.A. No. 2021-1036, and the Superior Court, C.A. No. N23C-01-123)In re COVID-Related Restrictions on Religious Services (Del. Aug. 1, 2024)	Supreme Court of Delaware (Seitz, C.J.; Valihura, Traynor, LeGrow and Griffiths, JJ., en banc)	DelawareCourt	Aug. 1, 2024		Standing dutyBusiness closureGathering capStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-NC-017	Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022)Opinion: the June 8, 2020 NCDHHS abatement order closing Ace Speedway as an 'imminent hazard' for hosting gatherings above the EO 141 limit…	Supreme Court of North Carolina	North CarolinaCourt	Aug. 23, 2024		Standing dutyBusiness closureGathering capOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-LA-001	La. R.S. 40:4 (Sanitary Code)Sanitary Code: the state health officer shall prepare, promulgate and enforce the Sanitary Code, which shall provide for and require control…	Louisiana Legislature (codified in the Louisiana Revised Statutes)	LouisianaState	Jan. 1, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationBusiness closureQuarantine and isolationStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-KY-011	KRS 338.991Penalties (KRS chapter 338)	Kentucky General Assembly (KRS ch. 338)	KentuckyState	June 27, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-RI-002	R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-1-17Additional general powers	Rhode Island General Assembly (codified statute administered by the Director of Health)	Rhode IslandState	June 30, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyStanding dutyOperating condition	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-KS-001	Substitute for Senate Bill No. 29 (2025), enrolled bill amending K.S.A. 65-101, 65-119 and 65-129b (the struck text is the statute as it stood throughout 2020-2021)AN ACT concerning public health; removing the authorization for a county or joint board of health or local health officer to prohibit public…	Kansas Legislature (enrolled Substitute for Senate Bill No. 29, 2025 Session; L. 2025, ch. 115)	KansasState	July 1, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyGathering capQuarantine and isolationStanding duty	Confirmed from a secondary source
Ex. DUT-KS-002	K.S.A. 65-119, Duties of local boards of health and local health officers; contagious diseases (current text, as amended L. 2025, ch. 115, § 2)65-119. Duties of local boards of health and health officers; contagious diseases; confidentiality of information; disclosure, when	Kansas Legislature (K.S.A., Revisor of Statutes)	KansasState	July 1, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyGathering capQuarantine and isolationStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-OK-020	Enrolled Senate Bill No. 672 (2025)An Act relating to emergency management; amending 63 O.S. 2021, Sections 683.8 and 683.9...; prohibiting Governor from closing businesses…	Oklahoma Legislature (Senate Bill 672, 1st Sess., 60th Leg.; enrolled)	OklahomaState	Apr. 21, 2025		Standing dutyEmergency declarationBusiness closureOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-RI-011	R.I. Gen. Laws § 30-15-15Immunity from liability -- Compensation for death or injury of disaster response workers	Rhode Island General Assembly	Rhode IslandState	July 2, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyHealth care ordersStanding dutyOperating condition	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-OR-018	Central Pastime, LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 342 Or App 391 (Aug. 6, 2025) (A180094; OLCCV024): judicial review affirming a 72-day liquor-license suspension for failing to require employees and customers to wear face coverings on Dec. 2, 2020 (OHA July 24, 2020 guidance) and Mar. 27, 2021 (EO 20-66)In the Matter of the Full-On Premises Sales License Held By Central Pastime, LLC, dba Central Pastime, Petitioner, v. Oregon Liquor and…	Oregon Court of Appeals (Shorr, P.J., with Pagan, J., and O'Connor, J.)	OregonCourt	Aug. 6, 2025	2020 Q42021 Q1	Standing dutyFace-covering requirementWorkplace rulesOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-NC-019	North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024)Opinion: the Emergency Management Act 'grants the Governor the ability to impose significant restrictions or prohibitions on otherwise…	Supreme Court of North Carolina	North CarolinaCourt	Aug. 22, 2025		Standing dutyBusiness closureAlcohol and barsOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-CT-003	Conn. Gen. Stat. § 28-9 (Governor's powers in a civil preparedness or public health emergency; orders have the full force and effect of law) and § 28-22 (penalty)Chapter 517, Civil Preparedness and Emergency Services	Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 517, Civil Preparedness and Emergency Services)	ConnecticutState	Oct. 1, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationStanding dutyOther	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-CT-005	Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 31-367 (definitions), 31-369 (application), 31-370 (duties of employer and employee), 31-372 (adoption of federal standards), 31-382 (penalties)Chapter 571, Occupational Safety and Health (the CONN-OSHA Act)	Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 571, Occupational Safety and Health); administered by CONN-OSHA, Connecticut Department of Labor	ConnecticutState	Oct. 1, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyWorkplace rulesStanding duty	Primary source read
Ex. DUT-IL-018	20 ILCS 3305/18 (Orders, Rules and Regulations)Filing of every gubernatorial order with the Secretary of State; during a declared disaster every order becomes effective immediately upon…	Illinois General Assembly (Illinois Emergency Management Agency Act)	IllinoisState	Oct. 14, 2025	2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3	Standing dutyEmergency declarationStanding duty	Primary source read

Supreme Court of California (Corrigan, J., for a unanimous court), Opinion: Kuciemba v. Victory Woodworks, Inc., No. S274191 (Cal. July 6, 2023), 14 Cal.5th 993 (Ex. DUT-CA-020)
Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Hawaii Occupational Safety and Health Division (HIOSH), HIOSH web page, 'Employer Responsibilities' (standing) (Ex. DUT-HI-019)
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (published opinion; Hurwitz, J., concurring), Published opinion (Dec. 8, 2023) (Ex. DUT-AZ-019)
Supreme Court of Montana (Gustafson, J.), Stand Up Montana v. Missoula County Public Schools, 2023 MT 240, No. DA 23-0046 (Mont. Dec. 12, 2023) (Ex. DUT-MT-019)
Oregon Court of Appeals (Kamins, J., with Tookey, P.J., and Egan, J.); review denied by the Oregon Supreme Court, Along Came Trudy LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 330 Or App 295, 543 P3d 751 (Jan. 24, 2024), rev den, 372 Or 588 (July 18, 2024) (A178679; OLCC21V003): judicial review affirming cancellation of a Lane County restaurant and event venue's liquor license for three violations of EO 20-66 (indoor dining while prohibited) (Ex. DUT-OR-016)
General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1881, No. 85, secs. 8-9), Ark. Code Ann. 20-7-113, Nuisances (standing) (Ex. DUT-AR-004)
General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1937, No. 161, secs. 1, 9), Ark. Code Ann. 11-2-102, Definitions ('employer'; 'safe' or 'safety') (standing) (Ex. DUT-AR-009)
General Assembly of Arkansas (Acts 1937, No. 161, sec. 21), Ark. Code Ann. 11-2-104, Penalties (standing) (Ex. DUT-AR-010)
Supreme Court of Minnesota (Moore, III, J.; Anderson, J., concurring; Procaccini, J., took no part), Snell v. Walz, No. A21-0626 (Minn. May 10, 2024), 6 N.W.3d 458 (standing) (Ex. DUT-MN-018)
Vermont General Assembly (Title 21, chapter 3, subchapter 5, Occupational Safety and Health: the VOSHA Code), 21 V.S.A. sec. 223 (Duties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-VT-014)
Vermont General Assembly (Title 21, chapter 3, subchapter 5), 21 V.S.A. sec. 224 (Rules and standards) (standing) (Ex. DUT-VT-016)
Supreme Court of Delaware (Seitz, C.J.; Valihura, Traynor, LeGrow and Griffiths, JJ., en banc), Opinion, In re COVID-Related Restrictions on Religious Services, No. 354, 2023 (Del. Aug. 1, 2024) (affirming the Court of Chancery, C.A. No. 2021-1036, and the Superior Court, C.A. No. N23C-01-123) (standing) (Ex. DUT-DE-012)
Supreme Court of North Carolina, Kinsley v. Ace Speedway Racing, Ltd., No. 280PA22 (N.C. Aug. 23, 2024), affirming 284 N.C. App. 665 (2022) (Ex. DUT-NC-017)
Louisiana Legislature (codified in the Louisiana Revised Statutes), La. R.S. 40:4 (Sanitary Code) (standing) (Ex. DUT-LA-001)
Kentucky General Assembly (KRS ch. 338), KRS 338.991 (standing) (Ex. DUT-KY-011)
Rhode Island General Assembly (codified statute administered by the Director of Health), R.I. Gen. Laws § 23-1-17 (standing) (Ex. DUT-RI-002)
Kansas Legislature (enrolled Substitute for Senate Bill No. 29, 2025 Session; L. 2025, ch. 115), Substitute for Senate Bill No. 29 (2025), enrolled bill amending K.S.A. 65-101, 65-119 and 65-129b (the struck text is the statute as it stood throughout 2020-2021) (standing) (Ex. DUT-KS-001)
Kansas Legislature (K.S.A., Revisor of Statutes), K.S.A. 65-119, Duties of local boards of health and local health officers; contagious diseases (current text, as amended L. 2025, ch. 115, § 2) (standing) (Ex. DUT-KS-002)
Oklahoma Legislature (Senate Bill 672, 1st Sess., 60th Leg.; enrolled), Enrolled Senate Bill No. 672 (2025) (standing) (Ex. DUT-OK-020)
Rhode Island General Assembly, R.I. Gen. Laws § 30-15-15 (standing) (Ex. DUT-RI-011)
Oregon Court of Appeals (Shorr, P.J., with Pagan, J., and O'Connor, J.), Central Pastime, LLC v. Oregon Liquor and Cannabis Commission, 342 Or App 391 (Aug. 6, 2025) (A180094; OLCCV024): judicial review affirming a 72-day liquor-license suspension for failing to require employees and customers to wear face coverings on Dec. 2, 2020 (OHA July 24, 2020 guidance) and Mar. 27, 2021 (EO 20-66) (Ex. DUT-OR-018)
Supreme Court of North Carolina, North Carolina Bar and Tavern Ass'n v. Stein, No. 126PA24 (N.C. Aug. 22, 2025), on review of 293 N.C. App. 402 (2024) (Ex. DUT-NC-019)
Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 517, Civil Preparedness and Emergency Services), Conn. Gen. Stat. § 28-9 (Governor's powers in a civil preparedness or public health emergency; orders have the full force and effect of law) and § 28-22 (penalty) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-003)
Connecticut General Assembly (Conn. Gen. Stat. chapter 571, Occupational Safety and Health); administered by CONN-OSHA, Connecticut Department of Labor, Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 31-367 (definitions), 31-369 (application), 31-370 (duties of employer and employee), 31-372 (adoption of federal standards), 31-382 (penalties) (standing) (Ex. DUT-CT-005)
Illinois General Assembly (Illinois Emergency Management Agency Act), 20 ILCS 3305/18 (Orders, Rules and Regulations) (standing) (Ex. DUT-IL-018)

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