Eligibility report

Governmental Orders Record and Eligibility Analysis

Real Estate

2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3

Prepared by The COVID Project, Sept. 30, 2026. 354 instruments cited; 333 exhibit files held. Not legal advice.

The COVID Projectcovidproject.com/report?industry=14&quarters=2020Q2,2020Q3,2020Q4,2021Q1,2021Q2,2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1

1. About this report

Prepared by The COVID Project, Sept. 30, 2026. Selection: industry Real Estate. Quarters: second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020), third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020), fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020), first quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021), second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021) and third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021). Options: the federal layer, agencies and boards, standing duties, group meetings and trade shows and the Service's fourteen sentences answered.

This report is a record of the governmental orders and related instruments that The COVID Project has retrieved, verified and indexed for the State, metropolitan area, industry and calendar quarters selected. Each instrument appears with its issuer, its number and title, its dates, the quarters in which it was in force, the functions of a business it reached, its operative words, its enforcement provision, a citation and an exhibit identifier. Every exhibit identifier resolves to the instrument's record at covidproject.com/library, and to the exhibit file, where held, at covidproject.com/exhibit.

The report is assembled from public governmental instruments, published organizer notices, published legal authorities and public court filings, and it reports what those documents say and when they were in force. It lists the instruments The COVID Project has verified and no others, so every count in it is a floor. It is not a filing, and it does not determine any person's eligibility for the Employee Retention Credit.

The report reproduces at covidproject.com/report?industry=14&quarters=2020Q2,2020Q3,2020Q4,2021Q1,2021Q2,2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1. Every exhibit identifier in it resolves at covidproject.com/library/ followed by the identifier, and the exhibit file, where held, at covidproject.com/exhibit/ followed by the identifier.

Disclaimer

The COVID Project is a free public reference. This report is generated from public governmental instruments, published organizer notices, published legal authorities and public court filings that The COVID Project has retrieved and indexed; it reports what those documents say and when they were in force. It is not legal, tax or accounting advice, it does not create any professional relationship, it does not determine any person's eligibility for the Employee Retention Credit or the amount of any credit, and it is not a count of every order that existed. The COVID Project sells nothing and represents no one. Errors in any record can be reported through covidproject.com/contact with the exhibit identifier, and corrections are recorded with their dates.

2. Summary of findings

For each quarter selected, this section states what was in force for this selection on the quarter's first and last days, in the words of the Library's own quarter-by-quarter record for the State, the metropolitan area, the industry's regulators and the federal layer. Exhibit identifiers in parentheses name the instruments. The table that follows counts the instruments listed in section 5 by layer and quarter.

The federal layer of this report is the Library's two federal files: FED-A, the health, safety and transport layer, and FED-B, the commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, including the orders of the federal courts those files hold. The ecosystem clusters and the federal agency clusters are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal and are not part of this report's federal layer; a quarter page counts every federal-level instrument of the quarter across those clusters as well, so its figure is the larger of the two.

Second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Apr. 1, 2020): Apr. 1, 2020: in-person brokerage prohibited or confined to virtual and legally necessary acts in PA, MI, NY, NJ, VT, NM, DE, WA and the Bay Area; essential-with-conditions in IL, OH, IN, KY, WI, TN, AL, NC, AZ, MN and the CISA-list States; open houses unlawful everywhere a gathering cap of ten or fewer applied; recorders closed to the public in the major metros; remote-notarization emergency orders in NY, IL, CT, MD, GA, KY, MI (Apr. 8), NJ (Apr. 14), PA (Apr. 20), MA (Apr. 27); eviction moratoria: CARES Act s. 4024 (Mar. 27), HUD ML 2020-04, FHFA, and State orders in NJ, MI, IN, NH, WA, KS, MN, AZ, DE, CA, OR, CT (Apr. 10), IL (Apr. 23), MA (Apr. 20), NY (EO 202.8); appraisal flexibilities in force (LL-2020-04; ML 2020-05; 85 Fed. Reg. 21312 from Apr. 17)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (June 30, 2020): June 30, 2020: MI open-house ban had ended June 1 (EO 2020-110) but appointment and gathering rules continued; PA real estate guidance in force in Yellow counties; NY in-person showings resumed by region under Phase 2 guidance, NYC from June 22; CARES s. 4024 in force to July 24; State eviction moratoria in NJ, NY (Tenant Safe Harbor Act signed June 30), CA (to May 31 by EO; local moratoria and Judicial Council Emergency Rule 1), IL, WA, MN, OR (EO 20-13 to June 30; HB 4213 signed June 30), CT (to July 1), MA, PA (to July 10), NC (to June 20), FL, NV, HI, MD, DE, DC, NM, KY, MI (to July 15), AZ (to July 22), KS; remote-notarization orders in force in all the States named

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2020): Apr. 1, 2020: national emergency (FED-001), nationwide Stafford emergency (FED-006) and major disasters declared for 28 States and the District of Columbia on or before Apr. 1, 2020 (29 of 51 jurisdictions; No Sail Order (FED-027); Title 42 order (FED-034, FED-039); DPA EOs 13909-13911 and scarce-materials designation (FED-070 to FED-074); FFCRA leave mandate operational (FED-170, FED-171); CMS-1744-IFC (FED-090), QSO-20-13, -14, -18, -12, -20 (FED-096 to FED-099, FED-164); § 1135 blanket waivers (FED-160); HHS telehealth enforcement discretion (FED-194); 30 Days to Slow the Spread guidance (FED-191, context); CMS elective-procedure recommendations (FED-158, context).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (June 30, 2020): June 30, 2020: all of the above plus FEMA PPE export rule (FED-075, from Apr. 7) with exemptions (FED-076); EO 13917 meat and poultry (FED-073); No Sail extension (FED-028); Title 42 amended and indefinite (FED-036); CMS-5531-IFC weekly nursing-home reporting (FED-091, FED-161); QSO-20-30-NH reopening recommendations (FED-157); QSO-20-31-All (FED-165); Opening Up America Again guidance (FED-192, context); PHE renewed Apr. 26 (FED-011).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2020): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 9993, 9996 (Exs. FED-200 to FED-203); DHS land-border closures to non-essential travel, Canada and Mexico (Exs. FED-216, FED-239, through Apr. 20, then FED-217, FED-240); OMB M-20-16 maximum telework and curtailment of in-person federal functions (Ex. FED-264) and M-20-18 contractor telework (FED-266); DoD stop-movement (Exs. FED-281, then FED-282 from Apr. 20); DOS suspension of routine visa services (FED-327) and the H-2 interview-waiver regime (FED-319); USCIS offices closed (FED-324); Interior on telework (FED-386); national parks, BLM sites, Hoover Dam, USACE areas and the Smithsonian closed (FED-387 to FED-393); Supreme Court closed to the public with the March session postponed (FED-290 to FED-292); Judicial Conference CARES Act finding (FED-295); jury trials suspended in N.D. Cal. (FED-317), N.D. Ill. (FED-338), D. Md. (FED-312), N.D. Ga. (FED-316 recites GO 20-01 of Mar. 16), C.D. Cal. courthouses closed (FED-284), Ninth Circuit courthouses closed (FED-279), Fifth Circuit (FED-286); CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 statutory moratoria (FED-340); FHFA, HUD and VA 60-day moratoria from Mar. 18 (FED-346, FED-356, FED-368, FED-369); interagency loan-modification statement (FED-342); 15/30 Days to Slow the Spread guidance (FED-396).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (June 30, 2020): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 9993, 9996, 10041 (from May 26), 10014 (from Apr. 23) and 10052 (from June 24) (FED-200 to FED-204, FED-210, FED-211); DHS land-border notifications of June 24, 2020 through July 21 (FED-219, FED-242); OMB/OPM M-20-23 gating period with maximum telework (FED-268); DoD conditions-based travel restrictions (FED-283); DOS routine visa services still suspended (FED-327; resumption began July 15); USCIS reopened June 4 under mask and screening conditions (FED-325); premium processing resumed June 1 (FED-326); H-2A temporary rule (FED-320) and H-2B rule (FED-321); N.D. Cal. General Order 72-4 (no new civil jury trials through Sept. 30, 2020) and General Orders 73, 75, 77 (FED-331, FED-334 to FED-336); N.D. Ill. Fourth Amended GO 20-0012 (May 26, 2020) and the D. Colo., D.N.J., D. Md. and N.D. Ga. continuances (FED-288, FED-302, FED-316); C.D. Cal. face-covering order (FED-285); FHFA, HUD and VA moratoria extended to Aug. 31, 2020 on June 17-18 (FED-348, FED-359, FED-371, FED-372); CARES Act § 4024 eviction moratorium (to July 24) and § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); CFPB interim final rule effective July 1 (FED-343); H.Res. 965 proxy voting (FED-398).

Third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (July 1, 2020): July 1, 2020: CARES s. 4024 (to July 24); FHA and FHFA foreclosure and eviction moratoria (to Aug. 31); State eviction moratoria in NJ, NY, CA (local and Judicial Council), IL, WA, MN, OR (HB 4213 to Sept. 30), MA (to Oct. 17), PA (to Aug. 31 by July 9 order), FL (EO 20-159 to Aug. 1), NV, HI, MD, DE, DC, NM, KY, MI (to July 15), AZ (EO 2020-49 to Oct. 31); showings under appointment and mask rules; open houses barred in NYC until Phase 2 conditions and by gathering caps in CA counties; remote notarization orders in force

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Sept. 30, 2020): Sept. 30, 2020: CDC order in force from Sept. 4 (Ex. 001); FHA and FHFA moratoria extended to Dec. 31, 2020; NY, NJ, CA (AB 3088 from Sept. 1), IL, WA, MN, OR, MA, FL (to Oct. 1), NV, HI, MD, DE, DC, NM, AZ moratoria in force; PA, MI, CT (7X ended; EO 9B follow-on), KY, KS orders had lapsed or been replaced by CDC procedures

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (July 1, 2020): July 1, 2020: national emergency, Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-011); No Sail (FED-028, then FED-029 from July 16); Title 42 (FED-036); FEMA PPE export rule (FED-075/076); DPA orders; FFCRA mandate and 29 C.F.R. part 826 (FED-170/171); CMS rules FED-090, FED-091 and QSOs; § 1135 waivers; EO 13945 from Aug. 8 (FED-066).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2020): Sept. 30, 2020: PHE renewed July 25 (FED-012); No Sail third extension (FED-030); Title 42 (FED-036); FEMA PPE rule as extended Aug. 10 (FED-077); CDC eviction moratorium from Sept. 4 (FED-022); CMS-3401-IFC nursing-home testing from Sept. 2 (FED-092) with QSO-20-38-NH (FED-168); QSO-20-39-NH visitation from Sept. 17 (FED-154); revised FFCRA rule from Sept. 16 (FED-172); QSO-20-35-ALL (FED-166).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (July 1, 2020): In force: all seven entry proclamations (FED-200 to FED-204, FED-210 to FED-212); DHS land-border notifications of June 24 (to July 21) then July 22, Aug. 21 and Sept. 23, 2020 (FED-219 to FED-222, FED-242 to FED-245); M-20-23 maximum telework at agency discretion (FED-268); DoD conditions-based travel restrictions and the June 29, 2020 update (FED-283); N.D. Cal. GO 72-4 (civil jury trials through Sept. 30, 2020; limited criminal trials from July 1) (FED-331); N.D. Ill. Fifth Amended GO 20-0012 (July 10) (FED-338 series); N.D. Ga. GO 20-01 Fourth Amendment (no jury trials through July 31) (FED-316); D. Colo. GO 2020-8 (trials continued through July 6) (FED-288); D.N.J. and D. Md. continuances; C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA/HUD/VA moratoria to Aug. 31 (FED-348, FED-359, FED-371, FED-372); CARES § 4024 to July 24 (FED-340); DOS phased resumption from July 15 (FED-328); USDA Service Centers by phone appointment (FED-391); USACE areas reopening location by location (FED-393).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2020): In force: the entry proclamations; DHS notification of Sept. 23, 2020 (to Oct. 21) (FED-222, FED-245); M-20-23 (FED-268); DoD conditions-based restrictions (FED-283); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 (Sept. 16: courthouses closed to public events; remote appearances) (FED-333); N.D. Ill. Sixth Amended GO 20-0012 (Sept. 4); FHFA moratoria to Dec. 31 (Aug. 27) (FED-349), HUD ML 2020-27 (Aug. 27) (FED-360), VA Circulars 26-20-29 and 26-20-30 (Aug. 24) (FED-373, FED-374); EO 13945 (FED-A) and the student-loan payment relief memorandum (Aug. 8) (FED-345); H-2A partial extension (Aug. 20) (FED-322); the CDC eviction order (FED-A) from Sept. 4.

Fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Oct. 1, 2020): Oct. 1, 2020: CDC order (to Dec. 31); FHA and FHFA moratoria (to Dec. 31); NY, NJ, CA, IL, WA, MN, OR, MA (to Oct. 17), NV (reimposed Dec. 14), HI, MD, DE, DC, NM, AZ (to Oct. 31) moratoria; winter capacity and gathering re-tightening beginning Nov. 2020 reached leasing offices and showings

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Dec. 31, 2020): Dec. 31, 2020: CDC order extended by Consolidated Appropriations Act s. 502 to Jan. 31, 2021 (Dec. 27); NY ch. 381 signed Dec. 28 (stays to May 1, 2021); OR HB 4401 signed Dec. 23 (to June 30, 2021); WA 20-19.5 to Mar. 31, 2021; NJ, CA, IL, MN, NV, HI, MD, DE, DC, NM in force; Fannie Mae flexibilities extended to Jan. 31, 2021 (Ex. 012, Dec. 10 update)

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Oct. 1, 2020): Oct. 1, 2020: national emergency, Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-012; renewed Oct. 23, FED-013); No Sail (FED-030) to Oct. 31 then Conditional Sailing Order from Oct. 30 (FED-031); Title 42 order of Oct. 13 (FED-037) under the final rule (FED-048); FEMA PPE rule (FED-077); CDC eviction moratorium (FED-022); FFCRA mandate (to Dec. 31); CMS-3401-IFC testing; CMS-9912-IFC from Nov. 2 (FED-093); DPA orders.

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Dec. 31, 2020): Dec. 31, 2020: all of the above; FEMA PPE rule re-extended Dec. 31 to June 30, 2021 (FED-078); CDC eviction moratorium extended by Pub. L. 116-260 § 502 to Jan. 31, 2021 (FED-173); UK pre-departure testing order from Dec. 28 (FED-040); FFCRA leave mandate expires this day (FED-170); Pfizer and Moderna EUAs Dec. 11 and 18 (FED-185, FED-186, context).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Oct. 1, 2020): In force: the entry proclamations; DHS notification of Sept. 23 (to Oct. 21), then Oct. 22, Nov. 23 and Dec. 22, 2020 (FED-222 to FED-225, FED-245 to FED-248); M-20-23 (FED-268); DoD Oct. 5, 2020 conditions-based update (FED-283); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 and GO 73 (FED-333, FED-334); N.D. Ill. Sixth Amended GO 20-0012; D.N.J. Standing Orders 20-12 (extended Sept. 2020), 20-13, 20-14, 20-16 (FED-302); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA/HUD/VA moratoria to Dec. 31, 2020 (FED-349, FED-360, FED-373, FED-374); CARES § 4022 forbearance (FED-340).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Dec. 31, 2020): In force: the entry proclamations, with Proclamation 10131 (Dec. 31) extending 10014 and 10052 to Mar. 31, 2021 (FED-213); DHS notification of Dec. 22, 2020 (to Jan. 21, 2021) (FED-225, FED-248); M-20-23 (FED-268); DoD conditions-based restrictions (FED-283); N.D. Ill. Eighth Amended GO 20-0012 (Nov. 13: all jury trials suspended until further order) (FED-339); D.N.J. Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25: all in-person proceedings suspended through Jan. 31, 2021) and the Third Extension of SO 20-12 (Dec. 17) (FED-303, FED-304); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 (FED-333); FHFA moratoria to Jan. 31, 2021 (Dec. 2) (FED-350); HUD ML 2020-43 to Feb. 28, 2021 (Dec. 17) (FED-361); VA Circular 26-20-40 to Feb. 28, 2021 (Dec. 28) (FED-375); USDA extension (FED-382); H-2A extension (Dec. 18) (FED-323).

First quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Jan. 1, 2021): Jan. 1, 2021: CDC order (statutory extension to Jan. 31; CDC extension to Mar. 31, Ex. 002); FHA and FHFA moratoria (to Jan. 31 then Feb. 28 then Mar. 31); NY ch. 381; NJ; CA SB 91 (Jan. 29, Ex. 050); IL; WA; MN; OR; NV; HI; MD; DE; DC; NM

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Mar. 31, 2021): Mar. 31, 2021: CDC order extended to June 30 (Ex. 003, signed Mar. 29); WA 20-19.6 (Mar. 18, Ex. 087) to June 30; HUD ML 2021-06 (Feb. 23, Ex. 084) appraisal and reverification flexibilities to June 30, 2021; NY, NJ, CA, IL, MN, OR, NV, HI, MD, DE, DC, NM in force

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Jan. 1, 2021): Jan. 1, 2021: national emergency, Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-013; renewed Jan. 21, FED-014); Conditional Sailing Order (FED-031); Title 42 (FED-037); FEMA PPE rule (FED-078); CDC eviction moratorium (statutory extension, then FED-023 from Jan. 31); UK testing order (FED-040); CMS rules and testing; DPA orders. FFCRA mandate no longer in force (voluntary credits only, FED-173).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Mar. 31, 2021): Mar. 31, 2021: all of the above plus EO 13991 (Jan. 20, FED-060), EO 13998 and 13999 (Jan. 21, FED-061, FED-062); global inbound testing order from Jan. 26 (FED-041/042); DHS transportation emergency determination Jan. 27 (FED-057); CDC conveyance mask order from Feb. 1 (FED-020) and TSA SDs from Feb. 1 (FED-050, FED-053 to FED-055); national emergency continued Feb. 24 (FED-002); Janssen EUA Feb. 27 (FED-187, context); OSHA NEP from Mar. 12 (FED-082); QSO-20-39-NH rev. Mar. 10 (FED-155); ARPA enacted Mar. 11 (FED-174); CDC eviction moratorium extended Mar. 29 to June 30 (FED-024).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Jan. 1, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 9993, 9996, 10041, 10014, 10052 (as extended by 10131) (FED-200 to FED-204, FED-210 to FED-213); DHS notification of Dec. 22, 2020 (FED-225, FED-248), corrected Jan. 19 and renewed Jan. 19 (to Feb. 21), Feb. 23 (to Mar. 21) and Mar. 19, 2021 (to Apr. 21) (FED-226 to FED-229, FED-249 to FED-252); M-20-23 (FED-268) until EO 13991 (Jan. 20) and M-21-15 (Jan. 24: 25 percent occupancy cap, masks, visitor minimization, mission-critical travel only) (FED-270); DoD conditions-based restrictions (FED-283); N.D. Ill. Eighth then Ninth (Jan. 12) and Tenth Amended GO 20-0012 (Feb. 12: jury trials suspended until Apr. 5, 2021) (FED-339, FED-296); D.N.J. SO 21-02 (January: in-person proceedings suspended to Mar. 17, jury trials to Mar. 12) and SO 21-04 (Mar. 11: jury trials continued to June 1, 2021) (FED-305, FED-306); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 (FED-333); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA moratoria to Jan. 31 then Feb. 28 (Jan. 19), Mar. 31 (Feb. 9) and June 30, 2021 (Feb. 25) (FED-350 to FED-353); HUD ML 2021-03 (Jan. 21: to Mar. 31) and 2021-05 (Feb. 16: to June 30) (FED-362, FED-363); VA Circulars 26-21-2 (Jan. 29: to Mar. 31) and 26-21-5 (Feb. 16: to June 30) (FED-376, FED-377); USDA extensions (FED-382).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Mar. 31, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992 and 10143 (from Jan. 26, with South Africa from Jan. 30) (FED-207); Proclamation 10052 expired at the end of this day (FED-211); Proclamation 10014 revoked Feb. 24 (FED-214); DHS notification of Mar. 19, 2021 (to Apr. 21) (FED-229, FED-252); EO 13991 and M-21-15 (FED-270); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 memorandum (until further notice) (FED-280); N.D. Ill. Tenth Amended GO 20-0012 (jury trials suspended until Apr. 5) (FED-296); D.N.J. SO 21-04 (jury trials continued to June 1) (FED-306); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 and 73 (FED-333, FED-334); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA, HUD and VA moratoria to June 30, 2021 (FED-353, FED-363, FED-377); H-2A flexibilities (FED-323).

Second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (Apr. 1, 2021): Apr. 1, 2021: CDC order (to June 30); FHA and FHFA foreclosure and eviction moratoria (to June 30, then extended June 24-25 to July 31 and Sept. 30); NY (ch. 381 to May 1; ch. 104 to Aug. 31), NJ, CA, IL, WA, MN, OR, NV (to May 31), HI, MD, DE, DC, NM, CT (to June 30)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (June 30, 2021): June 30, 2021: CDC order extended to July 31 (Ex. 004, signed June 24); FHFA (Ex. 013, June 24) and HUD ML 2021-15 (Ex. 011, June 25) extended; CA AB 832 signed June 28 (Ex. 051) to Sept. 30; OR SB 278 (Ex. 066); WA 21-09 (June 24, Ex. 088) from July 1; MN Laws 2021 1st Sp. Sess. ch. 8 (June 29) phase-out; NY, NJ, IL, HI, MD, DE, DC, NM in force; CT and NV had ended; Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac appraisal flexibilities ended May 31, 2021; FHA's ended June 30, 2021

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2021): Apr. 1, 2021: national emergency (FED-002), Stafford declarations, PHE (FED-014; renewed Apr. 21, FED-015); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SDs (FED-050 series); inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order (FED-031); Title 42 (FED-037); FEMA PPE rule (FED-078); CDC eviction moratorium (FED-024); EO 13991; OSHA NEP (FED-082); CMS testing and reporting rules; DPA orders.

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (June 30, 2021): June 30, 2021: all of the above plus TSOB ratification Apr. 20 (FED-056); TSA SD -01A from May 12 (FED-051); QSO-20-39-NH rev. Apr. 27 (FED-156); CSO Technical Instructions (FED-032); CMS-3414-IFC from May 21 (FED-094) with QSO-21-19-NH (FED-163); OSHA Healthcare ETS effective June 21 (FED-080) with DIR 2021-02 from June 28 (FED-081); CDC eviction moratorium extended June 24 to July 31 (FED-025). FEMA PPE export rule expires this day (FED-078/079).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (Apr. 1, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143 (FED-200, FED-201, FED-207); DHS notification of Mar. 19 (to Apr. 21), then Apr. 22 (to May 21), May 24 (to June 21) and June 23, 2021 (to July 21) (FED-229 to FED-232, FED-252 to FED-255); EO 13991 and M-21-15 occupancy cap and masks until June 10 (FED-270); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 restrictions (FED-280); N.D. Ill. GO 21-0006 (Feb. 17, 2021) plan for resumption of jury trials, amended May 26 with vaccination-or-testing conditions (FED-297); D.N.J. SO 21-04 (jury trials to June 1) (FED-306); N.D. Cal. GO 72-6 and 73 (FED-333, FED-334); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); FHFA, HUD, VA and USDA moratoria to June 30, 2021 (FED-353, FED-363, FED-377, FED-382).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (June 30, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143 and 10199 (India, from May 4) (FED-207, FED-208); DHS notification of June 23, 2021 (to July 21) (FED-232, FED-255); EO 13991 with M-21-25 (June 10: occupancy cap lifted; reentry plans due July 19; 30 days' notice) (FED-271); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 restrictions (FED-280); N.D. Ill. GO 21-0006 as amended May 26 and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (June 21: video criminal proceedings to Oct. 4, 2021) (FED-297, FED-301); D. Md. Amended Standing Order 2021-07 (effective July 1) (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 (June 23, effective July 1) (FED-337); C.D. Cal. masks (FED-285); D.N.J. SO 20-13 masks and 21-04 as amended (FED-302, FED-307); FHFA, HUD, VA and USDA moratoria extended June 24-25 to July 31, 2021 (FED-354, FED-364, FED-378, FED-384); HUD and VA forbearance windows to Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-364, FED-378); CFPB final rule issued June 28 (effective Aug. 31) (FED-344).

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), first day (July 1, 2021): July 1, 2021: CDC order (to July 31, Ex. 004); FHA foreclosure moratorium (to July 31) and FHA eviction moratorium (to Sept. 30, Ex. 011); FHFA foreclosure (to July 31) and REO eviction (to Sept. 30) moratoria (Ex. 013); NY ch. 104 (to Aug. 31); NJ EO 106; CA AB 832 (to Sept. 30); IL EO (to Oct. 3); WA 21-09 (to Sept. 30); OR SB 278; MN statutory phase-out; NM Supreme Court stay; DC; NV AB 486; MD (to Aug. 15); HI (to Aug. 6); DE (to July 1); remote notarization: IL EO 2020-14 (re-issued), MA ch. 20 of 2021 (to Dec. 15), NC S.L. 2021-3 (to Dec. 31), CT; State emergencies in NY (ended June 24), NJ, CA, IL, WA, OR, NM, HI, DC, NV, MD continuing

Real Estate (the industry's regulators, nationally), last day (Sept. 30, 2021): Sept. 30, 2021: FHA eviction moratorium and FHFA REO eviction moratorium expire this day (Exs. 011, 013); CDC order vacated Aug. 26 (Ex. 006); NY ch. 417 (Sept. 2, Ex. 045) stays to Jan. 15, 2022; NJ EO 106 as modified by EO 249 (Ex. 018) to Dec. 31, 2021 for lower-income tenants; CA AB 832 expires this day; IL to Oct. 3; WA 21-09.1 (Sept. 24, Ex. 089) to Oct. 31; OR SB 278 and (from Dec.) SB 891; MN phase-out; NM; DC; NV; CFPB Reg X amendments in force since Aug. 31; local mask and vaccination-proof orders of Aug.-Sept. 2021 in force

The federal health, safety and transport layer, first day (July 1, 2021): July 1, 2021: national emergency (FED-001/002), nationwide Stafford emergency and all 51 major disasters (FED-006, FED-100 to FED-150), PHE (FED-015); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SD 1582/84-21-01A and aviation successors (FED-051, FED-053 to FED-056); inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order and Technical Instructions (FED-031/032); Title 42 order of Oct. 13, 2020 (FED-037); CDC eviction moratorium to July 31 (FED-025); EO 13991, 13998, 13999 (FED-060 to FED-062); DHS transportation emergency (FED-057); DPA delegations and scarce-materials designation (FED-070 to FED-074); OSHA Healthcare ETS with compliance due July 6 and July 21 (FED-080), DIR 2021-02 (FED-081), NEP DIR 2021-01 (FED-082, to July 7); CMS-1744/5531/3401/9912/3414-IFC (FED-090 to FED-094), QSO-20-38-NH (FED-168), QSO-20-39-NH rev. Apr. 27, 2021 (FED-156), QSO-21-19-NH (FED-163), QSO-20-13, -18, -20, -29, -31, -35 (FED-096, FED-098, FED-099, FED-161, FED-165, FED-166); § 1135 blanket waivers (FED-160); PREP Act and § 564 declarations (FED-180 to FED-184); HHS telehealth enforcement discretion (FED-194); FEMA 100 percent cost-share memoranda (FED-007/008).

The federal health, safety and transport layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2021): Sept. 30, 2021: national emergency and Stafford declarations; PHE renewed July 20 (FED-016); CDC conveyance mask order (FED-020) and TSA SD 1582/84-21-01B from Sept. 14 (FED-052) with aviation successors; inbound testing order (FED-042); Conditional Sailing Order (FED-031); Title 42 reassessment order of Aug. 2 (FED-038); EO 13991, 13998, 13999; EO 14042 and 14043 signed Sept. 9 (FED-063, FED-064; no private-contractor obligation before Oct. 15, 2021); DHS transportation emergency; DPA delegations; OSHA Healthcare ETS in full effect (FED-080), DIR 2021-02 (FED-081), revised NEP DIR 2021-03 from July 7 (FED-083), Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plan (FED-084); CMS rules FED-090 to FED-094, FED-160, FED-168, FED-156, FED-163; presidential memorandum of Aug. 17 (FED-009); telehealth discretion (FED-194). Not in force on this day: the CDC eviction moratorium (ended July 31; successor Aug. 3-26, FED-026), the FEMA PPE export rule (expired June 30), the FFCRA mandate (ended Dec. 31, 2020), the OSHA vaccination-or-testing ETS and CMS staff vaccination rule (issued Nov. 5, 2021), the CDC orders of Oct. 25, 2021.

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, first day (July 1, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143, 10199 (FED-200, FED-201, FED-207, FED-208); DHS land-border notification of June 23, 2021 (non-essential travel prohibited; to July 21) (FED-232, FED-255); EO 13991, M-21-15 (other than occupancy) and M-21-25 reentry planning (FED-270, FED-271); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 travel restrictions (FED-280); federal courts: N.D. Ill. GO 21-0006 (amended May 26) and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (FED-297, FED-301); D.N.J. SO 20-13 (masks) and SO 21-04 as amended (FED-302, FED-306); D. Md. Amended SO 2021-07 (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 (FED-337); C.D. Cal. Order 20-078 (masks) (FED-285); finance: FHFA, HUD, VA and USDA foreclosure and eviction moratoria through July 31, 2021 (FED-354, FED-364, FED-378, FED-384); CARES Act § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); HUD and VA forbearance request windows to Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-364, FED-378); interagency loan-modification statement and CARES § 4013 relief (FED-342); student-loan payment pause (FED-345); H.Res. 965 (FED-398).

The federal commerce, travel, workplace and finance layer, last day (Sept. 30, 2021): In force: Proclamations 9984, 9992, 10143, 10199 (revoked only on Nov. 8, 2021) (FED-209); DHS land-border notification of Sept. 22, 2021 (to Oct. 21; non-essential travel still prohibited) (FED-235, FED-258); EO 13991 with the Task Force Model Safety Principles of July 29, 2021 (masks regardless of vaccination status in substantial/high-transmission areas; vaccination attestation; visitor vaccination-status disclosure; agency-head approval for events over 50) (FED-272), the Certification of Vaccination form (FED-278), the Sept. 13 update (FED-273), EO 14042 and EO 14043 (Sept. 9) (FED-A), the contractor guidance (Sept. 24) and OMB determination (Sept. 28) (FED-274, FED-275); DoD Mar. 15, 2021 travel restrictions (FED-280); federal courts: N.D. Ill. Third Amended face-covering order (July 30), Amended GO 21-0006 (Sept. 15, effective Sept. 20: vaccination or testing for courtroom presence), GO 21-0033 (Sept. 20: employee and contractor vaccination) and Fifth Amended GO 20-0022 (video criminal proceedings to Oct. 4) (FED-299, FED-298, FED-300, FED-301); D.N.J. Updated Amended SO 21-04 (Sept. 3: one jury selection per vicinage; universal masks; temperature screening) and SO 21-08 (Sept. 13: visitor vaccination or testing) with SO 20-13 masks (FED-307, FED-308, FED-302); D. Md. Amended SO 2021-07 entry exclusions (FED-313); N.D. Cal. GO 78 protocols and remote criminal proceedings (FED-337); C.D. Cal. Order 20-078 masks (until Oct. 1, 2021) (FED-285); finance: FHFA REO eviction moratorium, VA Circular 26-21-14 foreclosure-related eviction moratorium, HUD eviction moratorium and USDA eviction moratorium, all through Sept. 30, 2021 (FED-355, FED-379, FED-364, FED-385); CFPB Regulation X procedural safeguards from Aug. 31, 2021 (FED-344); HUD ML 2021-18 recovery loss-mitigation review (FED-365); HUD and VA forbearance request windows to Sept. 30, 2021 and VA Circular 26-21-20 (Sept. 29) extending them (FED-364, FED-378, FED-380); CARES § 4022 forbearance (FED-340); student-loan payment pause (extended Aug. 6, 2021 to Jan. 31, 2022) (FED-345).

Instruments in the Library for this selection, by layer and quarter (an instrument in force in several quarters is counted in each; the total counts it once).

Layer	2020 Q2	2020 Q3	2020 Q4	2021 Q1	2021 Q2	2021 Q3	Total
Federal layer	179	163	160	175	165	167	330
Sector regulators	58	45	33	29	29	21	81
Group meetings and trade shows	15	4	1	2	0	1	23
All layers	252	212	194	206	194	189	434

3. The statute and the test

An employer is an eligible employer for a calendar quarter under the governmental-orders test if

the operation of the trade or business described in clause (i) is fully or partially suspended during the calendar quarter due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel, or group meetings (for commercial, social, religious, or other purposes) due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
CARES Act § 2301(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281, 348; I.R.C. § 3134(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), 135 Stat. 4, 177

Congress enacted those words four times and never changed them. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of March 27, 2020 enacted the Suspension Clause at section 2301(c)(2)(A)(ii)(I), Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281, 347-48, for wages paid after March 12, 2020 and before January 1, 2021 (§ 2301(m), 134 Stat. 351) (Ex. LAW-001). The Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, Pub. L. 116-260, div. EE, §§ 206-207, 134 Stat. 1182, 3059-65 (Dec. 27, 2020), extended the credit to wages paid before July 1, 2021 and raised its rate to 70 percent; neither section touched the clause (Ex. LAW-002).

The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, § 9651, 135 Stat. 4, 176 (Mar. 11, 2021), added section 3134 to the Internal Revenue Code, whose heading repeats the CARES Act title and whose Suspension Clause reappears word for word at 135 Stat. 177, for wages paid after June 30, 2021 (§ 3134(n), 135 Stat. 182) (Ex. LAW-003). The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, § 80604, 135 Stat. 429, 1341 (Nov. 15, 2021), ended the credit for calendar quarters beginning after September 30, 2021, and left the third quarter of 2021 in place (Ex. LAW-004).

The clause has seven elements, taken in the statute's order: orders; from an appropriate governmental authority; limiting commerce, travel, or group meetings (for commercial, social, religious, or other purposes); due to COVID-19; the operation of the trade or business fully or partially suspended; during the calendar quarter; and due to those orders. The words "essential," "comparable operations," "telework," "customers," "voluntary," "more than nominal," "10 percent," "directed at," "jurisdiction over the employer," "proximate," "independent" and "sufficient" appear in none of the four enactments. The credit runs by calendar quarter; the six quarters the clause governs are the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first, second and third quarters of 2021.

The partial-suspension test and how this report applies it

In this report the Internal Revenue Service is the "Service," the Government as a litigant is the "United States," Notice 2021-20, 2021-11 I.R.B. 922, is the "Notice," and the statutory text above is the "Suspension Clause." Tri-State is Tri-State Memorial Hospital v. United States, No. 2:25-cv-0181-TOR, ECF No. 38 (E.D. Wash. May 28, 2026), the one federal decision construing the clause's words. Doc. 44 is the United States' opposition and cross-motion for summary judgment in Stenson Tamaddon, LLC v. IRS, No. 2:24-cv-01123-SPL (D. Ariz. Jan. 6, 2025), ECF No. 44; Doc. 49 is the summary-judgment order in that case of June 20, 2025; and the Br. for Appellees is the United States' brief in the appeal, No. 25-4217 (9th Cir. Jan. 30, 2026).

The statute controls, and the Notice does not. The United States has told two federal courts so: the Notice "is merely guidance" and "lacks the force of law" (Doc. 44 at 19); "the United States is not arguing that the IRS interpretation has the force of law or is entitled to deference" (Doc. 44 at 31 & n.8); "[w]hether Notice 2021-20 exists or not, the statute will control whether a refund is warranted" (Doc. 44 at 24). The court held that "the Notice carries no force of law and is entitled to no deference" (Doc. 49 at 27) and that the ten percent figure "is not an exclusionary cut-off point, but rather a safe harbor" (Doc. 49 at 26). In the Ninth Circuit the United States called the Notice "nonbinding guidance," its ten percent provision "a quintessential safe harbor," and wrote that "[t]here is no question of deference here" (Br. for Appellees at 26, 37-38, 58).

"Fully or partially suspended" means what the words say. On definitions both parties agreed, Tri-State held: "a 'partial suspension' is a temporary delay, interruption, or termination of a portion an employer's business. The language is plain" (Tri-State at 8-9). The court refused to read "more than nominal" as "significant": "the plain language and ordinary meaning of partial and nominal do not suggest either of those interpretations" (Tri-State at 10-11). The Notice's ten percent rules are "only administrative guidance"; "the IRS Notice provides a method for the test to be met not as a requirement to meet the test" (Tri-State at 15-16). "Due to" means "because of," which "[b]oth Plaintiff and Defendant agree" (Tri-State at 17), and "the Court recognizes that 'due to' requires 'but-for' causation" (Tri-State at 19). The argument that the virus rather than the order caused the changes fails: "[s]ick patients and employees alone did not require additional protocols" (Tri-State at 20-21).

This report applies the test in five steps, with the instruments the Library holds for your selection and no others. Step one, the order: the issuer, the instrument by number and title, its dates and its exhibit; the Service's own Q&A-10 treats "orders, proclamations, or decrees" as orders "without regard to the level of enforcement" (Notice 2021-20, Q&A-10, at 927-28). Step two, the function it reached: the part of the business the order governed, whether the customer-facing floor, the back of house, the office, the workforce, the supply chain or the customer base. Step three, the change it compelled: the operative words, quoted from the instrument, and the sanction behind them. Step four, the quarter: the days on which the instrument was in force, tested against its dates. Step five, the statute's answer: a function is a portion of the operation; a compelled change is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; but for the order no law required it; and on the definitions the United States agreed to, the operation was partially suspended during the quarter due to the order.

The statute does not ask whether the business was "essential" or stayed open: the Notice's own Q&A-17, Example 4, calls an open hospital under an elective-procedure order partially suspended (Q&A-17, at 930). It does not ask whether the business could telework: Q&A-15 finds a partial suspension wherever a workplace closure "causes the employer to suspend business operations for certain purposes, but not others" (Q&A-15, at 929). It does not ask whose customers were under orders: "a business may be suspended 'due to' a government order addressing a third party" (Br. for Appellees at 41). It does not ask whether a compelled measure was "voluntary": Q&A-14 reaches only a suspension "not due to a governmental order" (Q&A-14, at 929). And it does not ask for a percentage: "The 10 percent is not determinative ... Properly understood, it isn't an eligibility requirement" (Doc. 44 at 14). The Service's letters ask each of those questions. The statute asks one, and this report answers it, instrument by instrument.

How this report was assembled

The report is drawn from The COVID Project's Orders Library, which indexes the governmental orders that limited commerce, travel and group meetings in the United States from March 2020 through September 30, 2021. The Library is organized in layers, and the report walks them in order for your selection: the federal layer (proclamations, executive orders, agency orders and rules, and the federal courts' general orders); your State, from its first declaration to the instrument that ended its general restrictions; your metropolitan area's health officers, mayors and courts; the sector regulators of your industry (licensing boards, health departments, alcohol and gaming regulators, labor agencies and federal program rules); the clusters of authorities that are easy to overlook (ports, aviation, courts, motor-vehicle offices, tribal and territorial governments); the standing duties of your State and of the United States (communicable-disease, workplace-safety and liability-shield statutes); and the organizers' notices of the trade shows, conventions, seasons and tournaments your industry lost.

Every record carries one of two grades, and the report shows only these two. Primary source read means the compiler read the issuing authority's own text: the order as published, the register page, the codified rule, the court's docket entry. Confirmed from a secondary source means the instrument's existence, number, date and substance were established from an identifiable secondary source and the primary text was not read. Records graded unverified or not retrieved never appear. Every exhibit was retrieved from the issuing authority's site or from the Internet Archive's capture of it, kept only if its text contained a distinctive phrase of the instrument, hashed at retrieval and re-checked by a second reviewer.

Every instrument has one exhibit identifier, used everywhere on the site and in this report. A State instrument carries its two-letter State code and a serial number (Ex. TX-004 is Texas Executive Order GA-09 of March 22, 2020); a metropolitan instrument carries MET and the metro code; a federal instrument carries FED; a sector regulator's instrument carries SEC and the industry number, and an organizer's notice adds GM; an overlooked authority carries AGY and its cluster; a standing duty carries DUT and the State code, or DUT-FED (Ex. DUT-FED-001 is the general duty clause of the Occupational Safety and Health Act); a legal authority carries LAW.

The dates decide the quarters. An instrument is in force in a quarter only if its effective date fell on or before the quarter's last day and its end date, if any, fell on or after the quarter's first day. The six quarters are the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first, second and third quarters of 2021. Because the CARES Act applies to wages paid after March 12, 2020, and the Service's Form 941-X instructions place the credit for wages paid March 13 through March 31, 2020 on the second-quarter return, the orders of March 13 through 31, 2020, the first stay-at-home and closure orders in the country, appear in the record of the second quarter of 2020.

4. How this business operates: Real Estate

Real estate is the industry whose every revenue function runs through a physical place, a public office and a face-to-face act: a showing in a stranger's home, an open house for the public, an appraiser's interior inspection, a notary's physical-presence acknowledgment, a recorder's counter, a leasing office, an eviction docket. Governmental orders reached each of those acts by name between March 2020 and September 2021, and the federal eviction layer ran to the last day of the claim period. 2020 Q2 (with the March 13-31, 2020 run-up): the stay-home orders divided the country. In Pennsylvania (Mar. 19, 2020 order; offices of real estate agents and brokers not life-sustaining), Michigan (EO 2020-21, Mar. 23), New York (EO 202.8, Mar. 20, with ESD's Apr. 9 gloss that real estate services 'shall be conducted remotely' and in person 'only to the extent legally necessary'), New Jersey (EO 107 gathering ban; open houses barred), Vermont (Addendum 6, Mar. 24), New Mexico (PHO Mar. 23), Delaware (Fourth Modification, closings only) and Washington (Proclamation 20-25 and the Governor's Mar. 28 real estate memorandum: no open houses, showings by appointment with two persons), in-person brokerage stopped or was confined to appointment-only, two-to-four-person showings, and open houses were prohibited outright; Michigan reopened the industry only on May 7, 2020 (EO 2020-70 s. 10(h), Ex. SEC-14-023: showings, inspections, appraisals, photography and walk-throughs 'by appointment,' 'no more than four people on the premises,' 'No in-person open houses are permitted'), repeated the rule in EO 2020-96 s. 10(g) (May 21; Ex. 074), and Pennsylvania permitted in-person real estate statewide only from May 19, 2020 under a Governor's guidance that capped every showing at 'the real estate professional and two people inside a property' and prohibited in-person group showings (Ex. 020). In the States that copied the Illinois list (Illinois EO 2020-10 s. 12(r), Ohio Mar. 22 s. 12(u), Indiana EO 20-08 s. 14(t), Kentucky EO 2020-257 s. 1(o), Wisconsin EMO 12 s. 13(u), Tennessee EO 22 s. 24, Alabama Apr. 3 s. (l); Exs. 057, 027, 028, 030, 067, 077, 078), 'real estate services (including appraisal and title services)' was an essential business, which means it operated under the orders' conditions (six-foot distancing, telework 'to the fullest extent possible' in Kentucky's words, gathering caps of ten that made an open house unlawful, customers under stay-home orders permitted to leave home only for enumerated purposes), not free of them. Minnesota EO 20-20 s. 6(hh) (Ex. 068) confined the exemption to 'workers who facilitate and finance real estate transactions,' including appraisers and title services. Every closing was reached by the notary and recorder layer: county recorders and clerks closed their counters to the public in March 2020 across the major metropolitan areas, and twenty-plus States issued emergency remote-notarization instruments (New York EO 202.7, Mar. 19; Illinois EO 2020-14, Mar. 26, Ex. 055; Connecticut EO 7Q, Mar. 30, Ex. 041; Maryland EO 20-03-30-04, Mar. 30, Ex. 040; Georgia EO 03.31.20.01, Mar. 31, Ex. 035; Kentucky SB 150, Mar. 30, Ex. 031; Michigan EO 2020-41, Apr. 8, Ex. 026; New Jersey P.L. 2020, c. 26, Apr. 14, Ex. 019; Pennsylvania Act 15, Apr. 20, Ex. 062; Massachusetts ch. 71, Apr. 27, Ex. 053; North Carolina S.L. 2020-3, May 4, Ex. 034) because the physical-presence closing the industry had always sold could not lawfully or safely occur. Appraisals were reached at both ends: interior inspections were limited by stay-home orders and the federal regulators authorized exterior-only and desktop appraisals as the compelled substitute (Fannie Mae LL-2020-04, Mar. 23, Ex. 012; HUD ML 2020-05, Mar. 27, Ex. 010; the interagency interim final rule deferring appraisals 120 days after closing, 85 Fed. Reg. 21312, Apr. 17, Ex. 007). Property management lost its principal enforcement remedy on March 18-27, 2020 by federal and State order: HUD ML 2020-04 (Ex. 009) and FHFA (foreclosure and REO eviction moratoria), CARES Act s. 4024 (Mar. 27-July 24, 2020, covered properties), and State moratoria in at least thirty-four States and D.C. (New Jersey EO 106, Mar. 19, Ex. 017; Michigan EO 2020-19, Mar. 20, Ex. 024; Indiana EO 20-06, Mar. 19; New Hampshire Emergency Order 4, Mar. 17, Ex. 072; Washington Proclamation 20-19, Mar. 18, Ex. 086; Kansas EO 20-10, Mar. 23, Ex. 073; Minnesota EO 20-14, Mar. 23, Ex. 069; Arizona EO 2020-14, Mar. 24, Ex. 037; Delaware Sixth Modification, Mar. 24, Ex. 076; California EO N-28-20 and N-37-20, Mar. 16 and 27, Exs. 046-047; Oregon EO 20-13, Apr. 1, Ex. 063; Connecticut EO 7X, Apr. 10, Ex. 042; Illinois EO 2020-30, Apr. 23, Ex. 056; Massachusetts ch. 65, Apr. 20, Ex. 052; Vermont Act 101, May 14, Ex. 061; Pennsylvania May 7 order, Ex. 021; North Carolina EO 142, May 30, Ex. 033; Florida EO 20-94, Apr. 2). 2020 Q3: showings resumed under written conditions (appointment-only, party caps, masks, sanitation) in every reopening plan; open houses stayed prohibited in New York City until Phase 2 (June 22) and under gathering caps elsewhere; the CDC's nationwide residential eviction order took effect September 4, 2020 (85 Fed. Reg. 55292, Ex. 001), addressed to every landlord and property manager in the country, with criminal penalties, and State moratoria continued in New York (Tenant Safe Harbor Act, June 30, Ex. 044), New Jersey, California (AB 3088, Aug. 31, Ex. 049), Illinois, Washington, Minnesota, Oregon (HB 4213, June 30, Ex. 064), Connecticut, Massachusetts (to Oct. 17), Pennsylvania (to Aug. 31), Florida (to Oct. 1, Ex. 059), Nevada, Hawaii, Maryland, Delaware, D.C. and New Mexico. 2020 Q4 and 2021 Q1: the CDC order was extended by Congress (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, div. N, s. 502, to Jan. 31, 2021) and by CDC to March 31, 2021 (86 Fed. Reg. 8020, Ex. 002); New York enacted the COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act (Dec. 28, 2020, Ex. 043; stays to May 1, 2021); Oregon HB 4401 (Dec. 23, Ex. 065) ran to June 30, 2021; California SB 91 (Jan. 29, 2021, Ex. 050) to June 30, 2021; Washington Proclamation 20-19.6 (Mar. 18, 2021, Ex. 087) to June 30, 2021; the winter re-tightening reimposed indoor capacity and gathering limits on leasing offices and showings in California, Michigan, Illinois, Minnesota, Washington, Oregon, New Mexico and elsewhere; the appraisal flexibilities were extended (Fannie Mae to Jan. 31 and then May 31, 2021; FHA ML 2021-06, Feb. 23, 2021, Ex. 084, to June 30, 2021). 2021 Q2: the CDC extension to June 30, 2021 (86 Fed. Reg. 16731, Ex. 003); FHFA and FHA foreclosure moratoria to July 31, 2021 and REO and FHA eviction moratoria to September 30, 2021 (Exs. 011, 013); State moratoria in New York (extended to Aug. 31 by ch. 104 of 2021), New Jersey, California, Illinois, Washington, Minnesota, Oregon, Connecticut (to June 30), Maryland, Hawaii, Nevada (to May 31), Delaware, D.C. and New Mexico. 2021 Q3 (July 1-Sept. 30, 2021): the CDC order was in force July 1-31 (86 Fed. Reg. 34010, Ex. 004: 'a final 30 day-period') and again August 3-26 for counties with substantial or high transmission (86 Fed. Reg. 43244, Ex. 005), until the Supreme Court vacated the stay on August 26, 2021 (Alabama Ass'n of Realtors v. HHS, No. 21A23, Ex. 006); the FHA and FHFA eviction moratoria on FHA-insured and Enterprise-owned properties ran to September 30, 2021 (Exs. 011, 013); the CFPB's Regulation X amendments took effect August 31, 2021; State eviction moratoria were in force in New York (to Aug. 31 and, from Sept. 2, to Jan. 15, 2022, Ex. 045), New Jersey (EO 106 as modified by EO 249, Aug. 4, 2021, to Aug. 31 and Dec. 31, 2021 by income, Ex. 018), California (AB 832 to Sept. 30, 2021, Ex. 051), Illinois (to Oct. 3, 2021), Washington (Proclamation 21-09, July 1-Sept. 30, and 21-09.1 to Oct. 31, 2021, Exs. 088-089), Oregon (SB 278's 60-day safe harbor, Ex. 066), Minnesota (statutory phase-out), New Mexico (Supreme Court stay), D.C. and Nevada; emergency remote-notarization instruments remained in force in Illinois (EO 2020-14 re-issued with each disaster proclamation), Massachusetts (ch. 20 of 2021 to Dec. 15, 2021), North Carolina (S.L. 2021-3 to Dec. 31, 2021) and Connecticut; and the Delta-wave indoor mask orders of July-September 2021 (Los Angeles County July 17; the Bay Area Aug. 3; Nevada July 30; Louisiana Aug. 4; Oregon Aug. 13; Illinois Aug. 30; Washington Aug. 23; New Mexico Aug. 20; Hawaii; New York City, Chicago and New Orleans vaccination-proof orders for indoor venues) reached leasing offices, showings, open houses, closings and brokerage offices as indoor public settings. The statute asks whether orders limiting commerce, travel or group meetings partially suspended the operation of the trade or business; for this industry the answer in every quarter is a list, and the list is below.

The functions of the business

The Library records which of these functions each instrument reached. Section 5 names them instrument by instrument and section 9 applies the test to them.

Code	Function
SH	showings and open houses
LS	listings, marketing and photography
CL	closings, notaries, recorders and title
PM	property management (eviction moratoria, amenities, common areas, entry for maintenance)
LE	leasing offices
AP	appraisals and inspections
CM	commercial leasing and tenant closures
HR	hiring, licensing and training
OP	office, administration and telework
WF	workforce availability
CB	the client base: buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, lenders

5. The orders, quarter by quarter

For each quarter selected, the instruments in force appear by layer: the federal layer (the Library's FED-A and FED-B files, including the federal court orders they hold), the State, the metropolitan area, the industry's regulators, and the agencies, boards and authorities whose orders resolve to the State. Within a layer the instruments that carry the industry's key limitation types come first, then the rest in date order. An instrument in force across several quarters is described in full where it first appears and listed in compact form in each later quarter. Every item carries its citation and its exhibit identifier.

Second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-290

Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public)

Supreme Court Building closed to the public until further notice

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT; CS Washington tourism and visitor commerce
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Enforcement: Supreme Court Police

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)

Ex. FED-190

The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread

The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America - 15 Days to Slow the Spread

The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateGathering capTravel and quarantineSchools and child care
Functions reached: context: the federal template for the ten-person gathering limit, the telework instruction, the closure of bars, restaurants and gyms, and the travel restraint that State orders enacted
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 46

[image-only PDF; text as read in the prior verified research:] Listen to and follow the directions of your STATE AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES.... Work or engage in schooling FROM HOME whenever possible.... AVOID SOCIAL GATHERINGS in groups of more than 10 people.... Avoid eating or drinking at bars, restaurants, and food courts - USE DRIVE-THRU, PICKUP, OR DELIVERY OPTIONS. AVOID DISCRETIONARY TRAVEL, shopping trips, and social visits.... IN STATES WITH EVIDENCE OF COMMUNITY TRANSMISSION, bars, restaurants, food courts, gyms, and other indoor and outdoor venues where groups of people congregate should be closed.

Enforcement: None (guidance); the template every State stay-at-home and closure order of March 2020 implemented

Citation: The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-190) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-279

Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access)

Order restricting access to the James R. Browning, William K. Nakamura, Pioneer and Richard H. Chambers United States Courthouses

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer), United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (San Francisco, Seattle, Portland, Pasadena courthouses) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT appellate courthouses closed to the public; arguments by video or livestream; CS law firms' appellate practice
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

Chief among the recommended precautions is to limit person to person interactions. Therefore, it is hereby ordered that: Access to the James R. Browning (San Francisco), the William K. Nakamura (Seattle), the Pioneer (Portland) and the Richard H. Chambers (Pasadena) United States Courthouses is restricted to judges and court staff during non-court weeks. In the event any public court proceeding is held, it will be livestreamed.

Enforcement: court order; U.S. Marshals and court security

Citation: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer), Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-279) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-264

OMB Memorandum M-20-16

Federal Agency Operational Alignment to Slow the Spread of Coronavirus COVID-19

Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), United States (executive branch, nationwide) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Apr. 20, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateWorkplace rules
Functions reached: OF federal offices emptied nationwide; PJ contractor performance moved to telework or postponed; CS in-person federal transactions postponed (Social Security offices, IRS taxpayer assistance centers, passport agencies, USCIS, USDA service centers, VA regional offices); CB every business whose customer, licensor or counterparty was a federal office
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 35

the Government must immediately adjust operations and services to minimize face-to-face interactions, especially at those offices or sites where people may be gathering in close proximity or where highly vulnerable populations obtain services.... Non-mission-critical functions that cannot be performed remotely or that require in-person interactions may be postponed or significantly curtailed.... Maximize telework across the nation for the Federal workforce (including mandatory telework, if necessary), while maintaining mission-critical workforce needs... Assess professional services and labor contracts to extend telework flexibilities to contract workers wherever feasible... Agencies shall communicate with their customers to encourage them to delay transactions which are not time-critical and to ensure that available resources can be re-prioritized to mission-critical activities.

Enforcement: OMB directive; agency facility-access policies for employees, contractors and visitors

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-16 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-264) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-324

USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020

USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public March 18 - April 1

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, United States (all USCIS field offices, asylum offices and Application Support Centers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 4, 2020 (issued Mar. 17, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: HR work-authorization biometrics, interviews and naturalization ceremonies postponed; CS immigration law practice; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 79

Effective March 18, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services is suspending in-person services at its field offices, asylum offices and Application Support Centers (ASCs) to help slow the spread of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). This suspension of services will be effective until at least April 1. In the meantime, USCIS will provide limited emergency services.

Enforcement: agency closure

Citation: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020 (Ex. FED-324) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-284

Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042

In re: Coronavirus Public Emergency - Activation of the Continuity of Operations Plan (courthouses closed)

Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips, United States District Court for the Central District of California (Los Angeles, Santa Ana, Riverside) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to June 30, 2020 (issued Mar. 19, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the largest federal district in the country closed its courthouses to the public Mar. 23 - May 1, 2020 and continued civil and criminal trials; CS litigation practice, process servers, court reporters, interpreters
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

the Continuity of Operations Plan... of the Central District of California is hereby activated, effective March 23, 2020 through and including May 1, 2020... All of the Courthouses of the Central District of California will be closed to the public... [emergency criminal matters and applications for temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions to be heard at] the Roybal Building and United States Courthouse in Los Angeles only.

Enforcement: court order; U.S. Marshals

Citation: Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-284) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-310

Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02

In re: Restrictions on Visitors to Courthouses

Chief Judge James K. Bredar, United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Baltimore, Greenbelt) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Mar. 20, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouses closed to the general public from Mar. 23, 2020; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

ORDERED by the United States District Court for the District of Maryland that, effective March 23, 2020, no members of the public, other than litigants with a scheduled proceeding, [may enter any] U.S. Courthouse in the District of Maryland without prior permission from the Chief Judge or [the presiding judge]... [a drop box is available at] the entrance of each courthouse to deposit and date-stamp papers between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday; and it is further ORDERED that, in addition to the above restrictions, the following persons shall not enter any U.S. Courthouse or U.S. Probation Office in this District: [persons with symptoms, exposure or recent travel]...

Enforcement: court order; court security officers

Citation: Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-310) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-391

USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only

USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, United States (all USDA Service Centers: FSA, NRCS, Rural Development) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CS farm program sign-ups, loan closings and conservation contracts by phone only; FP; IN
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: USDA operating directive

Citation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only (Ex. FED-391)

Ex. FED-191

30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020)

The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America - 30 Days to Slow the Spread

The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateGathering capTravel and quarantineSchools and child care
Functions reached: context
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31

Enforcement: None (guidance)

Citation: The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, 30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020) (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-191) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-192

Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020)

Guidelines for Opening Up America Again

The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capTravel and quarantine
Functions reached: context: the federal template of the phased reopenings that State orders enacted (telework 'whenever possible' for employers in Phases One and Two; closed or capacity-limited venues; ten-person and fifty-person gathering ceilings; travel minimization)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 76 (in force on the last day)

President Trump has unveiled Guidelines for Opening Up America Again, a three-phased approach based on the advice of public health experts. These steps will help state and local officials when reopening their economies, getting people back to work, and continuing to protect American lives.... Proposed State or Regional Gating Criteria: Satisfy Before Proceeding to Phased Comeback... Downward trajectory of documented cases within a 14-day period... Phase One: For States and Regions that satisfy the gating criteria. INDIVIDUALS: ALL VULNERABLE INDIVIDUALS should continue to shelter in place.... Social settings of more than 10 people, where appropriate distancing may not be practical, should be avoided unless precautionary measures are observed. Avoid SOCIALIZING in groups of more than 10 people in circumstances that do not readily allow for appropriate physical distancing (e.g.…

Enforcement: None (guidance); adopted by reference in State reopening orders (e.g., the phased frameworks of Texas, Georgia, Arizona, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Colorado) and by CMS (FED-159)

Citation: The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-318

General Order 72-2

In re: Coronavirus Disease Public Health Emergency (General Order 72-2)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from Apr. 30, 2020 to May 21, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 22

[WHEREAS the Governor of California] ordered a state-wide shelter-in-place;... [the Court's] courthouses remain closed in order to protect the public health and reduce the size of public [gatherings]... issues the following Order, effective immediately: 1. No jury trial will be conducted before June 1, 2020. Any trial dates currently scheduled during that period will be postponed or vacated.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-2 (Apr. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-318) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-334

General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020)

Continuing Temporary Restrictions on Courthouse Access (Amended May 21, 2020)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouses closed to the public except for official court business, Mar. 2020 - June 30, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 41 (in force on the last day)

[In light of the shelter-in-place orders and to protect] courthouse visitors, the court will continue to temporarily restrict courthouse access at all four locations due to the ongoing COVID-19 emergency. Effective immediately and until further [order, entry is limited to persons with official court business]... 'Official court business' shall include [scheduled proceedings and filings]... There will also be a drop box available for manual filing in the first floor lobby of the San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose courthouses.

Enforcement: court order; court security

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-164

CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)

QSO-20-12-All, Suspension of Survey Activities

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (all certified providers, suppliers and CLIA laboratories) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to May 1, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT/HR certification and survey functions (initial certification and change-of-ownership surveys delayed for new providers and acquirers)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

Specifically, CMS is suspending non-emergency inspections across the country, allowing inspectors to turn their focus on the most serious health and safety threats like infectious diseases and abuse.... Effective immediately, survey activity is limited to the following (in Priority Order): All immediate jeopardy complaints... Complaints alleging infection control concerns, including facilities with potential COVID-19 or other respiratory illnesses; Statutorily required recertification surveys (Nursing Home, Home Health, Hospice, and ICF/IID facilities); Any re-visits necessary to resolve current enforcement actions; Initial certifications; Surveys of facilities/hospitals that have a history of infection control deficiencies

Enforcement: Governs federal survey operations

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-164) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-262

OMB Memorandum M-20-13

Updated Guidance on Telework Flexibilities in Response to Coronavirus

Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), United States (executive branch) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Apr. 20, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Telework mandate
Functions reached: OF federal office premises begin to empty; CS client and customer access to federal offices; PJ federal procurement and contracting-officer availability
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 39 (in force on the first day)

All Federal Executive Branch departments and agencies are encouraged to maximize telework flexibilities to eligible workers within those populations that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified as being at higher risk... Additionally, agencies are encouraged to consult with local public health officials and the CDC about whether to extend telework flexibilities more broadly to all eligible teleworkers in areas in which either such local officials or the CDC have determined there is community spread.

Enforcement: OMB management directive to agency heads

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-13 (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-262) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-338

General Order 20-0012 (original)

In re: Coronavirus COVID-19 Public Emergency

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Nov. 13, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the first of the Chicago federal court's COVID-19 orders; civil jury trials continued from Mar. 12, 2020
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

hereby issues the following order effective immediately: 1. The United States Courthouses in Chicago and Rockford, Illinois will remain open for business, subject [to the following]... 2. The following events in the Northern District of Illinois, scheduled to begin before April 3, 2020, are continued pending further order of the Court: All civil jury trials [and civil and criminal bench trials, and criminal jury trials except as ordered]... 9. Effective March 14, all mass public gatherings, other than court proceedings, are suspended at both the Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse in Chicago and the Stanley J. Roszkowski U.S. Courthouse [in Rockford]... 12. The Court will vacate or amend this General Order no later than April 3, 2020. Dated at Chicago, Illinois this 12th day of March, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, General Order 20-0012 (original) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-338) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-097

QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020)

QSO-20-14-NH (REVISED)

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid nursing homes) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Sept. 17, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureGathering capHealth care orders
Functions reached: VS visitation closed to all visitors and 'non-essential healthcare personnel' (home-care-senior-living; hospice; therapy contractors; hair and podiatry services; clergy); RS admissions and cohorting; DN communal dining and group activities cancelled; IN referral flows from hospitals
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 110 (the whole quarter)

[As CMS restated it in QSO-20-39-NH:] In March of 2020, CMS issued memorandum QSO 20-14-NH providing guidance to facilities on restricting visitation of all visitors and non-essential healthcare personnel, except for certain compassionate care situations, such as an end-of-life situation. [QSO-20-14-NH revised text:] Facilities should actively screen and restrict visitation by those who meet the following criteria... Restricting means the individual should not be allowed in the facility at all, until they no longer meet the criteria above.

Enforcement: F-tag F563 (visitation) and F880 (infection control) survey enforcement

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-097) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-027

CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation, 85 Fed. Reg. 16628 (Mar. 24, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), United States (all cruise ships in U.S. waters or intending to return; 250+ passenger capacity) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 14, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV travel demand (hotels-travel); GS group sales and travel agencies; CB cruise passengers and the port economies (Miami, Port Canaveral, Galveston, Seattle, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Baltimore, New York); SC provisioning and port services
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 109 (in force on the last day)

announces the issuance of a No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation on March 14, 2020 for all cruise ships that are not voluntarily suspending operation.... This Notice of No Sail Order and Other Measures Related to Operations shall apply only to the subset of carriers described below and hereinafter referred to as 'cruise ships,' except this Order shall not apply to any cruise ship that voluntarily suspends operations for the period of this Order

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271; 42 C.F.R. §§ 70.18, 71.2 (criminal penalties); Coast Guard captain-of-the-port authority

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-263

OMB Memorandum M-20-15

Updated Guidance for the National Capital Region on Telework Flexibilities in Response to Coronavirus

Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), United States (National Capital Region) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 15, 2020 to Mar. 17, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Telework mandate
Functions reached: OF Washington-area federal offices; CS downtown Washington commerce (food service, retail, parking, transit) dependent on 360,000 federal workers; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 3

All Federal Executive Branch departments and agencies within the National Capital Region (NCR), consistent with OMB's recent guidance (OMB M-20-13), are asked to offer maximum telework flexibilities to all current telework eligible employees... agency heads should develop an operational plan that maximizes resources and functional areas to most safely and efficiently deliver these mission-critical functions and other Government services (including but not limited to staggered work schedules and other operational mitigation measures).

Enforcement: OMB management directive

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-15 (Mar. 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-263) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-291

Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session)

Supreme Court postpones oral arguments scheduled for the March session

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the highest court in the country suspended in-person argument for the first time since 1918; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

In keeping with public health precautions recommended in response to COVID-19, the Supreme Court is postponing the oral arguments currently scheduled for the March session (March 23-25 and March 30-April 1).... The Court postponed scheduled arguments for October 1918 in response to the Spanish flu epidemic. The Court also shortened its argument calendars in August 1793 and August 1798 in response to yellow fever outbreaks.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-291) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-311

Standing Order 2020-04

In re: COVID-19 Pandemic Procedures

Chief Judge James K. Bredar, United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, normal court operations and procedures may necessarily need to be amended or suspended on a temporary basis given the exigent circumstances created by the COVID-19 event, the Court finds it necessary to establish a miscellaneous case, In re COVID-19 [Pandemic Procedures, in which all COVID-19 orders are docketed]... ORDERED that these temporary orders shall be rescinded by order of the Chief Judge when circumstances warrant.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-317

General Order 72

In re: Coronavirus Disease Public Health Emergency

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (San Francisco, Oakland, San Jose, Eureka) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the federal court for Silicon Valley and San Francisco suspended jury and grand-jury proceedings from Mar. 16, 2020; CS law firms, court reporters, process servers
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 46

[Bay Area health officers have ordered the public to] postpone in-person events consisting of 50 people or more;... hereby issues the following Order, effective immediately: 1. No jury trial will be commenced before May 1, 2020. Any trial dates currently scheduled [before that date will be vacated]... 3. Appearances before the district judges may be waived or postponed, if required by [the parties' health]... 5. All grand jury proceedings in this district are suspended until May 1, 2020.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-317) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-390

Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors

Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors

Bureau of Reclamation, Hoover Dam, Nevada-Arizona (Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Basin Region) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Oct. 22, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: AM the busiest federal tourist attraction in the Southwest (about one million visitors a year) closed; CB Las Vegas tour operators and Boulder City commerce
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 106 (in force on the last day)

[In accordance with guidance] by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hoover Dam will be temporarily closed to visitors, including [the visitor center and all tours, until further notice.]

Enforcement: Reclamation facility order

Citation: Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-387

NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify operations and close facilities)

National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees

Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service, United States (National Park System) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureOther
Functions reached: AM attractions and gateway-community tourism (lodging, dining, outfitters, concessions); CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 105 (in force on the last day)

Secretary of the Interior David Bernhardt directed the National [Park Service (NPS) to temporarily suspend the collection of all park entrance fees until further notice.] News Release Date: March 18, 2020

Enforcement: Secretarial direction

Citation: Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service, NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify operations and close facilities) (Ex. FED-387) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-292

Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List)

Order extending the deadline to file petitions for writs of certiorari to 150 days and relaxing extension and distribution rules in light of COVID-19

Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT federal litigation timetables lengthened nationwide; CS law firms, appellate practice
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 104 (in force on the last day)

In light of the ongoing public health concerns relating to COVID-19, the following shall apply to cases prior to a ruling on a petition for a writ of certiorari: IT IS ORDERED that the deadline to file any petition for a writ of certiorari due on or after the date of this order is extended to 150 days from the date of the lower court judgment, order denying discretionary review, or order denying a timely petition for rehearing.... These modifications will remain in effect until further order of the Court.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-266

OMB Memorandum M-20-18

Managing Federal Contract Performance Issues Associated with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), United States (federal contractors) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Functions reached: PL staffing, janitorial, security and IT contractor personnel at federal sites; PJ contract performance postponed or converted to telework; CB federal contractor base
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 103 (in force on the last day)

Agencies are urged to work with their contractors, if they haven't already, to evaluate and maximize telework for contractor employees, wherever possible.... if a contractor is unable to perform in a timely manner due to quarantining, social distancing, or other COVID-19 related interruptions, agencies should consider whether excusable delay provisions apply...

Enforcement: OMB directive to contracting officers

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), OMB Memorandum M-20-18 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-266) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-312

Standing Order 2020-05

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19

Chief Judge James K. Bredar, United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Apr. 24, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT all jury trials and non-emergency proceedings postponed; Baltimore and Greenbelt courthouses; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 36

ORDERED by the United States District Court for the District of Maryland that, effective immediately, all civil and criminal petit jury selections and jury trials scheduled to commence now through April 24, 2020 before any district or magistrate judge in any courthouse in the District of Maryland are POSTPONED and CONTINUED pending further Order of the Court;... ORDERED that all other civil, criminal, and bankruptcy proceedings in the U.S. District [Court and Bankruptcy Court] now scheduled to occur from March 16, 2020, through April 24, 2020, are POSTPONED and [CONTINUED]... Date: March 20, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-05 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-312) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-267

OMB Memorandum M-20-19

Harnessing Technology to Support Mission Continuity

Office of Management and Budget, United States (executive branch) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Telework mandate
Functions reached: OF federal telework infrastructure; HR remote onboarding of federal personnel
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 101 (in force on the last day)

OMB issued M-20-16, Federal Agency Operational Alignment to Slow the Spread of Coronavirus..., which directed agencies to maximize telework across the nation... Agencies are able to make a risk determination and issue an alternate credential/authenticator... to onboard mission-critical personnel.

Enforcement: OMB directive

Citation: Office of Management and Budget, OMB Memorandum M-20-19 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-267) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-386

Secretary of the Interior memorandum, Ensuring the Continued Performance of the Mission of the Department of the Interior during the Global Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

Ensuring the Continued Performance of the Mission of the Department of the Interior during the Global Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic

Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt, United States (Department of the Interior, all bureaus: NPS, BLM, Reclamation, USGS, FWS, BIA) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Telework mandate
Functions reached: OF Interior offices emptied; CS permitting, leasing, inspections and field work by Interior bureaus curtailed (oil and gas, grazing, mining, recreation concessions); PJ federal customer site access
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 40

Performance of Duties Via Telework for Most Department Employees... Department employees not performing or supporting mission essential functions [or performing mission critical functions as determined by their State or Regional Director, or equivalent management authority,] should telework. Supervisors are hereby directed to instruct employees under their supervision to telework, if telework [ready]... If a telework-eligible employee is unable to enter into a telework agreement, the supervisor shall grant the employee weather and safety leave for a period not to exceed fourteen calendar days.

Enforcement: Secretarial directive to supervisors

Citation: Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt, Secretary of the Interior memorandum, Ensuring the Continued Performance of the Mission of the Department of the Interior during the Global Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-386) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-099

CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)

QSO-20-20-ALL, Prioritization of Survey Activities

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (all Medicare/Medicaid certified providers and suppliers; CLIA laboratories) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT/HR licensure, certification and survey functions of every certified provider (initial certifications, changes of ownership and revisits delayed); IC (focused infection control surveys imposed)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

On Friday, March 13, 2020, the President declared a national emergency, which triggers the Secretary's ability to authorize waivers or modifications of certain requirements pursuant to section 1135 of the Social Security Act (the Act). [CMS suspends standard surveys and prioritizes survey activity to immediate jeopardy complaints, infection control surveys and other listed categories for a three-week period, then as extended.]

Enforcement: Governs State Survey Agency operations (federal survey and certification)

Ex. FED-286

General Docket Order 2020-4 (COVID-19; court operations), Mar. 25, 2020

General Docket Order 2020-4: Court Operations (COVID-19)

United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (General Docket Order; certified copy issued by the Clerk Mar. 25, 2020), United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT appellate operations, deadlines and in-person argument
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 98 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: court order

Citation: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (General Docket Order; certified copy issued by the Clerk Mar. 25, 2020), General Docket Order 2020-4 (COVID-19; court operations), Mar. 25, 2020 (Ex. FED-286) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-340

CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings)

Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, Title IV, Subtitle A, §§ 4022-4024; Division B, § 15002

Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: SV loan servicing, collections, foreclosure (banks, credit unions, servicers); PM property management: eviction filings barred for covered dwellings Mar. 27 - July 24, 2020; ML mortgage lending (forbearance affects pipeline and secondary market); CT court dockets
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 96 (in force on the last day)

SEC. 4022(c)(2) FORECLOSURE MORATORIUM.--Except with respect to a vacant or abandoned property, a servicer of a Federally backed mortgage loan may not initiate any judicial or non-judicial foreclosure process, move for a foreclosure judgment or order of sale, or execute a foreclosure-related eviction or foreclosure sale for not less than the 60-day period beginning on March 18, 2020.... SEC. 4024. TEMPORARY MORATORIUM ON EVICTION FILINGS.... (b) [During the 120-day period beginning on the date of enactment, the lessor of a covered dwelling may not make, or cause to be made, any filing with the court of jurisdiction to initiate a legal action to recover possession of the covered dwelling from the tenant for nonpayment of rent or other fees or charges, or charge fees, penalties, or other charges to the tenant related to such nonpayment of rent.]... SEC. 15002(b)(1): if the Judicial…

Enforcement: statutory prohibition on servicers and lessors; 15 U.S.C. §§ 9056, 9058

Citation: Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-389

BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon

BLM Temporarily Closes Developed Recreation Facilities in Oregon

Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers, Oregon (Bureau of Land Management districts statewide) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: AM outdoor recreation and campground concessions; CB gateway communities
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 96 (in force on the last day)

[The BLM will] temporarily close many of its developed recreation facilities to help limit the spread of COVID-19. This closure includes all campgrounds, and some day use sites, and restrooms. Trash pickup and sanitation [services are also suspended]... These closures are pursuant to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR): 43 CFR § 8364.1, 43 CFR § 9268.3(d)(1), and 43 CFR § 8365.1-4.... BLM-managed trails and open spaces remain open across Oregon.

Enforcement: 43 C.F.R. § 8364.1 closure orders; 43 C.F.R. § 8360.0-7 penalties

Citation: Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers, BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon (Ex. FED-389) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-295

Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally

Judiciary Authorizes Video/Audio Access During COVID-19 Pandemic (uscourts.gov, Mar. 31, 2020)

Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, United States federal courts (all districts) (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 29, 2020 to May 10, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT every federal district authorized video and telephone criminal proceedings.
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 94 (in force on the last day)

emergency conditions due to the national emergency declared by the President with respect to COVID-19 will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally [the Judicial Conference finding quoted in the announcement]; CARES Act § 15002(b)(1): 'if the Judicial Conference of the United States finds that emergency conditions due to the national emergency declared by the President under the National Emergencies Act... will materially affect the functioning of either the Federal courts generally or a particular district court of the United States, the chief judge of a district court covered by the finding... may authorize the use of video teleconferencing, or telephone conferencing if video teleconferencing is not reasonably available, for the following events: (A) Detention hearings... (B) Initial appearances...'

Enforcement: statutory authorization; district-court standing orders (e.g., Exs. FED-301, FED-334, FED-364)

Citation: Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-335

General Order 75

Temporary Suspension of Personal Service Rules (COVID-19)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT service of process suspended and tolled; CS process servers, collection practice
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 93 (in force on the last day)

ORDERED by the United States District Court of the District of Northern California, that [personal service of process by the U.S. Marshals Service in civil cases, in this or any] other district, is SUSPENDED until further Order of the Court;... ORDERED that, in any civil case in which the United States Marshals Service has been ordered to serve process, the time for service under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m) is TOLLED until further Order of the Court. ADOPTED: March 30, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 75 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-335) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-293

Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session)

Supreme Court postpones the April session oral arguments

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 89 (in force on the last day)

In keeping with public health guidance in response to COVID-19, the Court will postpone the oral arguments currently scheduled for the April session (April 20-22 and April 27-29). The Court will consider rescheduling some cases from the March and April sessions before the end of the Term, if circumstances permit in light of public health and safety guidance at that time.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. FED-293) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-158

CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and Procedures Recommendations of Mar. 18, 2020)

Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, United States (all healthcare facilities and clinicians) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 7, 2020 to Apr. 19, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureHealth care orders
Functions reached: SX surgery and elective procedures (hospitals); PR procedures and elective visits (physician practices); PR/CH elective and aerosol-generating dental procedures; DX diagnostics and preventive services; CB patient volumes
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 13

CMS, in collaboration with medical societies and associations, recently created recommendations to postpone non-essential surgeries and other procedures. This document provides recommendations to limit those medical services that could be deferred, such as non-emergent, elective treatment, and preventive medical services for patients of all ages. A tiered framework is recommended to prioritize services and care to those who require emergent or urgent attention to save a life, manage severe disease, or avoid further harms from an underlying condition.... CMS urges healthcare facilities and clinicians to consider the following tiered approach to curtailing non-emergent, elective medical services and treatment.

Enforcement: Recommendations; made mandatory by State elective-procedure orders and referenced in CMS survey guidance

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and Procedures Recommendations of Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-158) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-294

Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020)

Supreme Court to hear oral arguments by telephone conference on May 4-6 and 11-13, 2020

Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Supreme Court of the United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Apr. 13, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 79 (in force on the last day)

The Court will hear oral arguments by telephone conference on May 4, 5, 6, 11, 12 and 13 in a limited number of previously postponed cases.... In keeping with public health guidance in response to COVID-19, the Justices and counsel will all participate remotely. The Court anticipates providing a live audio feed of these arguments to news media.

Enforcement: order of the Court

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020) (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-294) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-028

No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020)

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation; Notice of Modification and Extension and Other Measures Related to Operations, 85 Fed. Reg. 21004 (Apr. 15, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 15, 2020 to July 24, 2020 (issued Apr. 9, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 77 (in force on the last day)

[modifies and extends the March 14, 2020 No Sail Order; requires each operator to submit a No Sail Order Response Plan; suspends embarkation of passengers]

Enforcement: same as FED-027

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-028) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-268

OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23

Aligning Federal Agency Operations with the National Guidelines for Opening Up America Again

Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), United States (executive branch) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to June 10, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Functions reached: OF federal offices on maximum telework through the gating period, geography by geography; CS visitor screening and access limits at every federal facility; PJ contractor access
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 72 (in force on the last day)

Gating Period: Agencies should continue in 'Maximum Telework Flexibility' operating status, at the discretion of the agency head.... Facilities Screening. Agencies must ensure their policies and procedures restrict individuals infected with or at higher risk for serious illness from COVID-19 from accessing Federal facilities... These agency policies must include specific considerations for Federal employees, contractors and visitors.... Agencies must continue to maximize telework flexibilities specifically for workers... at higher risk...

Enforcement: OMB/OPM directive; facility decisions by each GSA building's Designated Official and Facility Security Committee

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-268) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-288

General Order 2020-8

In the Matter of Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19: Continuation of Trials Through July 6, 2020

Chief Judge Philip A. Brimmer, United States District Court for the District of Colorado (Court)

Dates: In force from May 6, 2020 to July 6, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT all trials in the District of Colorado continued Mar. 2020 - July 6, 2020 and beyond; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 56 (in force on the last day)

ORDERED that all civil and criminal trials scheduled to commence now through July 6, 2020 before any district or magistrate judge in any courthouse in the District of Colorado are CONTINUED subject to further order of the presiding judicial officer.... [the restrictions of General Order] 2020-6, continue to remain in effect through May 29, 2020. Dated at Denver, Colorado this 6th day of May, 2020.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Philip A. Brimmer, General Order 2020-8 (May 6, 2020) (Ex. FED-288) Open the exhibit

139 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Real Estate

Ex. SEC-14-057

Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8)

Executive Order in Response to COVID-19 (Stay at Home; Social Distancing Requirements; and Essential Businesses and Operations)

Governor JB Pritzker, Illinois (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 21, 2020 to Apr. 7, 2020 (issued Mar. 20, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP; OP; CB; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 18

Section 1... 12. Essential Businesses and Operations... r. Professional services. Professional services, such as legal services, accounting services, insurance services, real estate services (including appraisal and title services)

Enforcement: 20 ILCS 3305/19; Illinois State Police

Citation: Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-057) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-027

Director's Stay at Home Order

Director's Order that All Persons Stay at Home Unless Engaged in Essential Work or Activity

Amy Acton, M.D., Director, Ohio Department of Health, Ohio (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Apr. 6, 2020 (issued Mar. 22, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH under stay-home conditions and the gathering ban; CL; AP; OP telework; CB customers under stay-home; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15

12. Essential Businesses and Operations... u. Professional services. Professional services, such as legal services, accounting services, insurance services, real estate services (including appraisal and title services);... 18.... a. Allow as many employees as possible to work from home by implementing policies in areas such as teleworking and video conferencing... 22. Duration. This Order shall be effective at 11:59 p.m. on March 23, 2020 and remain in full force and effect until 11:59 p.m. on April 6, 2020

Enforcement: R.C. 3701.352, 3701.99 (misdemeanor of the second degree)

Citation: Amy Acton, M.D., Director, Ohio Department of Health, Director's Stay at Home Order (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-027) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-068

Emergency Executive Order 20-20

Directing Minnesotans to Stay at Home

Governor Tim Walz, Minnesota (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2020 (issued Mar. 25, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureTelework mandateGathering cap
Functions reached: SH limited to transaction facilitation; CL; AP; OP (telework required where possible); CB; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15

6.... hh. Real Estate Transactions. This category is limited to workers who facilitate and finance real estate transactions and real estate services, including appraisers and title services.

Enforcement: Minn. Stat. 12.45 (misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-20 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-068) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-028

Executive Order 20-08

Directive for Hoosiers to Stay at Home

Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Indiana (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to Apr. 6, 2020 (issued Mar. 23, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP; OP; CB; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 13

14. Essential Businesses and Operations... h. Financial and Insurance Institutions. Banks... title companies, appraisers... t. Professional Services. Professional services, such as legal services, accounting services, insurance services, and real estate services (including appraisal and title services)

Enforcement: IC 10-14-3-34 (Class B misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Executive Order 20-08 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-028) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-067

Emergency Order #12, Safer at Home Order

Safer at Home Order

Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Department of Health Services (at the Governor's direction), Wisconsin (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to Apr. 24, 2020 (issued Mar. 24, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP; OP; CB; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31

13. Essential Businesses and Operations... u. Professional services. Professional services, such as legal or accounting services, insurance services, real estate services (including appraisal, home inspection, and title services). These services shall, to the greatest extent possible, use technology to avoid meeting in person

Enforcement: Wis. Stat. 252.25 (fine up to $250 or 30 days)

Citation: Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Department of Health Services (at the Governor's direction), Emergency Order #12, Safer at Home Order (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-067) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-085

Third Supplementary Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Emergency

Third Supplementary Proclamation (statewide stay at home / work from home)

Governor David Y. Ige, Hawaii (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 25, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020 (issued Mar. 23, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capTravel and quarantine
Functions reached: SH (real estate not enumerated as essential; counties' orders governed); CL; OP; CB; TRAV relocation buyers under the 14-day traveler quarantine
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 37

This order shall take effect on March 25, 2020 at 12:01 am and remain in place until 11:59 pm on [April 30, 2020]... Persons may travel to and from the following essential businesses and operations: [the federal critical infrastructure sectors as identified at cisa.gov]... [enumerated categories 1-15; real estate not enumerated]... 15. Supplies for essential businesses and operations

Enforcement: Haw. Rev. Stat. 127A-29 (misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor David Y. Ige, Third Supplementary Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Emergency (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-085) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-030

Executive Order 2020-257

Healthy at Home: closure of non-life-sustaining businesses

Governor Andy Beshear, Kentucky (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to May 11, 2020 (issued Mar. 25, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandateWorkplace rulesOther
Functions reached: OP telework mandated for real estate firms; SH in-person interaction limited to where telecommuting is impossible; CL; AP; PM (eviction suspension in the same order); CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 47

1. Only Life-Sustaining Businesses May Remain Open. All businesses that are not life-sustaining shall cease operations effective Thursday, March 26, 2020, at 8:00 p.m.... o. Professional services. Professional services, such as legal services, accounting services, insurance services, real estate services (including appraisal and title services). Professional services firms must implement telecommuting and remote work to the fullest extent possible, and should only use in-person interaction to support Minimum Basic Operations or where telecommuting is impossible.... g. Financial Services... appraisers

Enforcement: KRS 39A.990 (Class A misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Andy Beshear, Executive Order 2020-257 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-030) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-077

Executive Order No. 22

An order directing Tennesseans to stay home unless engaging in essential activities to limit their exposure to and spread of COVID-19

Governor Bill Lee, Tennessee (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to Apr. 14, 2020 (issued Mar. 30, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP; OP; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15

24. Professional Services. This includes, but is not limited to: legal services, accounting services, insurance services, or real estate services (including appraisal and title services)... [Businesses or organizations that do not perform Essential Services] shall not be open for access or use by the public... 3. Essential Activity and Essential Services should be limited

Enforcement: Tenn. Code Ann. 58-2-120 (Class A misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Bill Lee, Executive Order No. 22 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-077) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-082

TDEM Essential Services list (additions to CISA v2.0)

Essential Services

Texas Division of Emergency Management (under GA-14), Texas (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 2, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closure
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 29

Residential and commercial real estate services, including settlement services

Enforcement: Tex. Gov't Code 418.173

Citation: Texas Division of Emergency Management (under GA-14), TDEM Essential Services list (additions to CISA v2.0) (Apr. 2, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-082)

Ex. SEC-14-078

Order of the State Health Officer Suspending Certain Public Gatherings Due to Risk of Infection by COVID-19 (Amended April 3, 2020) - Stay at Home Order

Stay at Home Order (amended Apr. 3, 2020)

Scott Harris, M.D., State Health Officer, Alabama (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 4, 2020 to Apr. 30, 2020 (issued Apr. 3, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP; OP; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 27

l. Professional Services, including legal services, accounting services, insurance services, real estate services (including appraisal and title services);... 16. This Order shall remain in full force and effect until 5:00 P.M. on April 30, 2020.

Enforcement: Ala. Code 22-2-14 (misdemeanor)

Citation: Scott Harris, M.D., State Health Officer, Order of the State Health Officer Suspending Certain Public Gatherings Due to Risk of Infection by COVID-19 (Amended April 3, 2020) - Stay at Home Order (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-078) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-014

Guidance for Determining Whether a Business Enterprise is Subject to a Workforce Reduction Under Recent Executive Orders (real estate clause added Apr. 9, 2020)

ESD essential business guidance

Empire State Development Corporation (under EO 202.6 and 202.8), New York (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 9, 2020 to June 22, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closureTelework mandate
Functions reached: SH in-person showings prohibited; LS; AP; CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 75

Real estate services shall be conducted remotely for all transactions, including but not limited to title searches, appraisals, permitting, inspections, and the recordation, legal, financial and other services necessary to complete a transfer of real property; provided, however, that any services and parts therein may be conducted in-person only to the extent legally necessary and in accordance with appropriate social distancing and cleaning/disinfecting protocols; and nothing within this provision should be construed to allow brokerage and branch offices to remain open to the general public (i.e. not clients).

Enforcement: EO 202.8; N.Y. Exec. Law 29-a; Public Health Law 12

Citation: Empire State Development Corporation (under EO 202.6 and 202.8), Guidance for Determining Whether a Business Enterprise is Subject to a Workforce Reduction Under Recent Executive Orders (real estate clause added Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-014) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-048

Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020)

Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers

State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), California (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closure
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP; LE
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 64 (in force on the last day)

Residential and commercial real estate services, including settlement services

Enforcement: Gov't Code 8665

Citation: State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048)

Ex. SEC-14-023

Executive Order 2020-70

Temporary requirement to suspend activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life (Stay Home, Stay Safe; construction and real estate resumption)

Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan (State)

Dates: In force from May 1, 2020 to June 1, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureCapacity limitGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH showings by appointment, four persons, no open houses; tenant-occupied homes not showable; LS photography and videography by appointment; AP appraisals and inspections by appointment; CL registers of deeds reopen May 7; OP offices: remote work promoted, workers restricted; WF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 32

s. 10(h): Effective at 12:01 am on May 7, 2020, workers in the real-estate industry, including agents, appraisers, brokers, inspectors, surveyors, and registers of deeds, provided that: (1) Any showings, inspections, appraisals, photography or videography, or final walk-throughs must be performed by appointment and must be limited to no more than four people on the premises at any one time. No in-person open houses are permitted. (2) Private showings may only be arranged for owner-occupied homes, vacant homes, vacant land, commercial property, and industrial property. s. 11: Businesses... that remain open for in-person work must, at a minimum: (a) Develop a COVID-19 preparedness and response plan... (b) Restrict the number of workers present on premises to no more than is strictly necessary... (c) Promote remote work to the fullest extent possible. (d) Keep workers and patrons who are on…

Enforcement: MCL 10.33; MCL 30.405(3): misdemeanor; licensing sanctions (s. 20-21)

Citation: Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-70 (May 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-023) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-074

Executive Order 2020-96

Safe Start: temporary requirement to suspend certain activities that are not necessary to sustain or protect life

Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan (State)

Dates: In force from May 21, 2020 to June 1, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Stay-at-homeBusiness closureCapacity limitGathering capWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH; LS; AP; CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 12

s. 10(g): Workers in the real-estate industry, including agents, appraisers, brokers, inspectors, surveyors, and registers of deeds, provided that: (1) Any showings, inspections, appraisals, photography or videography, or final walk-throughs must be performed by appointment and must be limited to no more than four people on the premises at any one time. No in-person open houses are permitted. (2) Private showings may only be arranged for owner-occupied homes, vacant homes, vacant land, commercial property, and industrial property.

Enforcement: MCL 10.33; MCL 30.405(3)

Citation: Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-96 (May 21, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-074) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-071

Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency

Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency

Supreme Court of Virginia, Virginia (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM unlawful detainer proceedings suspended; CL
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

All non-essential, non-emergency court proceedings in all circuit and district courts are suspended

Enforcement: courts

Citation: Supreme Court of Virginia, Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-071)

Ex. SEC-14-016

Executive Order 202.7

Continuing Temporary Suspension and Modification of Laws Relating to the Disaster Emergency

Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, New York (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: CL closings by remote notarization; OP
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 104 (in force on the last day)

Any notarial act that is required under New York State law is authorized to be performed utilizing audio-video technology provided that [conditions]

Enforcement: Exec. Law 29-a

Citation: Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016)

Ex. SEC-14-036

Executive Order 2020-12

Prohibiting the Closure of Essential Services

Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Arizona (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

Essential services include professional services such as legal, accounting, insurance and real estate services (including appraisal and title services)

Enforcement: A.R.S. 26-317

Citation: Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-12 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-036)

Ex. SEC-14-069

Emergency Executive Order 20-14

Suspending Evictions and Writs of Recovery During the COVID-19 Peacetime Emergency

Governor Tim Walz, Minnesota (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (issued Mar. 23, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 99 (in force on the last day)

1. Beginning no later than March 24, 2020 at 5:00 pm, and continuing for the duration of the peacetime emergency... [a property owner's ability to file an eviction action under] Minnesota Statutes 2019, section 504B.285 or 504B.291 is suspended. This suspension will [also reach notices to terminate tenancies and writs of recovery]

Enforcement: Minn. Stat. 12.45

Citation: Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-076

Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency

Sixth Modification: presidential primary postponement; evictions; foreclosures; utilities

Governor John Carney, Delaware (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 99 (in force on the last day)

B. EVICTIONS: [residential eviction actions stayed; no late fees or interest]... C. FORECLOSURES: Until the state of emergency is terminated, and the public health emergency is rescinded, the provisions of the Delaware Code relating to residential mortgage foreclosures, including [sheriff's sales], [are suspended]: 1. No residential mortgage foreclosure action may be commenced with respect to any owner-occupied 1- to 4-family property

Enforcement: 20 Del. C. 3125

Citation: Governor John Carney, Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-076) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-058

Executive Order 20-94

Emergency Management - COVID-19 - Mortgage Foreclosure and Eviction Relief

Governor Ron DeSantis, Florida (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 2, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 90 (in force on the last day)

I hereby suspend and toll any statute providing for a mortgage foreclosure cause of action under Florida law for 45 days... I hereby suspend and toll any statute providing for an eviction cause of action under Florida law solely as it relates to non-payment of rent by residential tenants due to the COVID-19 emergency for 45 days

Enforcement: Fla. Stat. 252.50

Citation: Governor Ron DeSantis, Executive Order 20-94 (Apr. 2, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-058)

Ex. SEC-14-008

Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 3.0

Advisory Memorandum on Identification of Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers During COVID-19 Response

Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, DHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 17, 2020 to May 19, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: SH; CL; AP; LE: the premise of the States' 'essential' conditions
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 33

This list is advisory in nature. It is not, nor should it be considered, a federal directive or standard.... Residential and commercial real estate services, including settlement services.

Enforcement: none of its own; binding only where a State order incorporated it

Citation: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, DHS, Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 3.0 (Apr. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-008) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-052

Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020

An Act providing for a moratorium on evictions and foreclosures during the COVID-19 emergency

Massachusetts General Court (H.4647), Massachusetts (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CM (small business premises units); CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 72 (in force on the last day)

'Non-essential eviction', an eviction: (i) for non-payment of rent; (ii) resulting from a foreclosure; (iii) for no fault or no cause; or (iv) for cause that does not involve... criminal activity... [a landlord] shall not, for the purposes of a non-essential eviction for a residential dwelling unit: (i) terminate a tenancy; or (ii) send any notice, including a notice to quit... (d) A sheriff, deputy sheriff, constable or other person shall not [enforce an execution]

Enforcement: courts; G.L. c. 186, 239

Citation: Massachusetts General Court (H.4647), Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-052) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-056

Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28)

Executive Order in Response to COVID-19 (evictions)

Governor JB Pritzker, Illinois (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 23, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 69 (in force on the last day)

Section 2.... no provider of a residential property may commence a residential eviction action... unless a tenant poses a direct threat to the health and safety of other tenants, an immediate and severe risk to property, or a violation of any applicable building code, health ordinance, or similar regulation. Section 3.... all state, county, and local law enforcement officers in the State of Illinois are instructed to cease enforcement of orders of eviction for non-residential premises [with the same exceptions]. Nothing in this Executive Order shall be construed as relieving any individual of the obligation to pay rent

Enforcement: 20 ILCS 3305/19

Citation: Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-021

Order of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Related to the Dispossession of Property

Order Related to the Dispossession of Property

Governor Tom Wolf, Pennsylvania (State)

Dates: In force from May 11, 2020 to July 10, 2020 (issued May 7, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 51 (in force on the last day)

certain filings, charges and acts relating to the dispossession of property... are stayed for 60 days, thereby tolling the ability to commence the timelines and necessary Act 91 and Act 6 notices

Enforcement: 35 Pa. C.S. 7301

Citation: Governor Tom Wolf, Order of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Related to the Dispossession of Property (May 7, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-021) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-061

Act 101 (S.333)

An act relating to establishing a moratorium on ejectment and foreclosure actions

Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Vermont (State)

Dates: In force from May 14, 2020 to June 15, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 48 (in force on the last day)

Sec. 1. LANDLORDS AND TENANTS; HOUSING LENDERS;... 'Emergency period' [runs from] the Governor's declaration of a state of emergency on March 13, 2020, arising from COVID-19, and ending 30 days after the Governor terminates the state of emergency... (c) Pending foreclosure and ejectment actions. (1) Upon the effective date of this act, all pending actions for ejectment [are stayed]... (d) New foreclosure and ejectment actions. During the emergency period, [no new actions except for health and safety]

Enforcement: courts; 12 V.S.A. ch. 169; 9 V.S.A. ch. 137

Citation: Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-020

Guidance for Businesses in the Real Estate Industry Permitted to Operate During the COVID-19 Disaster Emergency to Ensure the Safety and Health of Employees and the Public

Real Estate Industry Guidance

Governor Tom Wolf (Office of the Governor and Department of State), Pennsylvania (State)

Dates: In force from May 19, 2020 to July 3, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureCapacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH showings capped at three persons; no open houses; LS virtual marketing compelled; AP appraisals and inspections by appointment; CL title activities by appointment; OP offices by appointment
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 43 (in force on the last day)

All businesses in the real estate industry... are permitted to conduct in-person operations for properties located in counties which have designated as being in the Red and Yellow phases, so long as they strictly adhere to the requirements of this guidance.... Schedule in-person office visits, property showings, appraisals, inspections, final walk-throughs, and title insurance activities by appointment... Limit in-person activities to no more than the real estate professional and two people inside a property... Utilize electronic marketing as much as possible, including virtual tours, virtual showings and virtual open houses... Stagger scheduling of property showings by thirty minutes or more... [prohibiting] Conducting in-person group showings for either potential buyers or real estate professionals

Enforcement: 35 P.S. 521.20 (Disease Prevention and Control Law); 35 Pa. C.S. 7301; business licensure

Citation: Governor Tom Wolf (Office of the Governor and Department of State), Guidance for Businesses in the Real Estate Industry Permitted to Operate During the COVID-19 Disaster Emergency to Ensure the Safety and Health of Employees and the Public (May 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-020) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-025

Executive Order 2020-134

Temporary extension and then rescission of the eviction moratorium; COVID-19 housing debt judicial process

Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan (State)

Dates: In force from June 26, 2020 to July 16, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 5 (in force on the last day)

1. Executive Order 2020-118 is temporarily extended and will remain in effect through July 15, 2020. Effective July 16, 2020 at 12:01 am, Executive Order 2020-118 is rescinded. 2. 'COVID-19 housing debt' means a money debt resulting at least in part from a breach of a residential lease, residential executory contract, or residential mortgage

Enforcement: MCL 10.33; MCL 30.405(3)

Citation: Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-134 (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-025) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-044

Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127

An Act in relation to prohibiting the eviction of residential tenants who have suffered financial hardship during the COVID-19 covered period

New York State Legislature (S.8192-B), New York (State)

Dates: In force from June 30, 2020; end: covered period runs from Mar. 7, 2020 until the date on which none of the EO 202…
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 1 (in force on the last day)

Section 1. For the purposes of this act, 'COVID-19 covered period' means March 7, 2020 until the date on which none of the provisions that closed or otherwise restricted public or private businesses or places of public accommodation... continue to apply in the county of the tenant's or lawful occupant's residence.... 1. No court shall issue a warrant of eviction or judgment of possession against a residential tenant or other lawful occupant that has suffered a financial hardship during the COVID-19 covered period for the non-payment of rent that accrues or becomes due during the COVID-19 covered period

Enforcement: courts

Citation: New York State Legislature (S.8192-B), Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-044) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-046

Executive Order N-28-20

Executive Order on evictions, foreclosures and utility shutoffs (local authority; Penal Code 396)

Governor Gavin Newsom, California (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 107 (in force on the last day)

1) The time limitation set forth in Penal Code section 396, subdivision (f), concerning protections against residential eviction, is hereby waived. Those protections shall be in effect through May 31, 2020. 2) Any provision of state law that would preempt or otherwise restrict a local government's exercise of its police power to impose substantive limitations on residential or commercial evictions... is hereby suspended

Enforcement: Gov't Code 8665

Citation: Governor Gavin Newsom, Executive Order N-28-20 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-046) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-072

Emergency Order #4 Pursuant to Executive Order 2020-04

Temporary prohibition on evictions and foreclosures

Governor Christopher T. Sununu, New Hampshire (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to July 1, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 106 (in force on the last day)

1. No landlord... may initiate eviction proceedings under RSA 540 during the State of Emergency declared in Executive Order 2020-04 and no eviction order shall be issued or enforced during the State of Emergency declared in Executive Order 2020-04. All applicable provisions of RSA 540 or any law, rule or other regulation which would allow for the initiation of eviction proceedings or the issuance of an eviction order are hereby suspended for the duration of the State of Emergency. 2. Any violation of Section 1 this Order by a landlord... shall [constitute a violation of RSA 540-A]

Enforcement: RSA 540-A; RSA 21-P:47

Citation: Governor Christopher T. Sununu, Emergency Order #4 Pursuant to Executive Order 2020-04 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-072) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-009

Mortgagee Letter 2020-04

Foreclosure and Eviction Moratorium in connection with the Presidentially-Declared COVID-19 National Emergency

HUD, Federal Housing Administration, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM: evictions from FHA-insured properties halted; CB lenders and servicers; CL REO closings
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 105 (in force on the last day)

foreclosure and eviction moratorium for all FHA-insured Single Family mortgages for a period of 60 days.... Americans have been asked to remain in their homes... moratorium on evictions for FHA-insured properties

Enforcement: FHA program requirements (mortgagee approval; Mortgagee Review Board)

Citation: HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-009) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-086

Proclamation 20-19

COVID-19 Moratorium on Evictions

Governor Jay Inslee, Washington (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 105 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: RCW 43.06.220(5) (gross misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-086) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-017

Executive Order No. 106

Moratorium on removals of individuals due to evictions or foreclosures

Governor Philip D. Murphy, New Jersey (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 4, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 104 (in force on the last day)

any lessee, tenant, homeowner or any other person shall not be removed from a residential property as a result of an eviction or foreclosure proceeding... during the time this Order is in effect... While eviction and foreclosure proceedings may be initiated or continued, enforcement of all judgments for possession, warrants of removal, and writs of possession shall be stayed

Enforcement: N.J.S.A. App. A:9-49, -50 (disorderly persons offense)

Citation: Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 106 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-017) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-029

Executive Order 20-06

Directives for the Public Health Emergency (including moratorium on evictions and foreclosures)

Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Indiana (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 14, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 104 (in force on the last day)

No residential eviction proceedings or foreclosure actions may be initiated during the public health emergency

Enforcement: IC 10-14-3-34

Citation: Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Executive Order 20-06 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-029)

Ex. SEC-14-024

Executive Order 2020-19

Temporary prohibition against entry to premises for the purpose of removing or excluding a tenant or mobile home owner from their home

Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; LE; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 103 (in force on the last day)

1.... no person shall remove or exclude from leased residential premises or residential premises held under a forfeited executory contract a tenant, a vendee of a forfeited executory contract, or a person holding under a tenant or vendee, except when the tenant, vendee, or person holding under them poses a substantial risk to another person or an imminent and severe risk to property.... This section is effective immediately and continues until April 17, 2020 at 11:59 pm. 3.... demand for payment may not be served by personal delivery. 5.... a sheriff, under-sheriff or constable, deputy, or other officer must not serve process requiring forfeiture of leased residential premises

Enforcement: MCL 10.33; MCL 30.405(3)

Citation: Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-19 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-024) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-012

Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020)

Impact of COVID-19 on Appraisals

Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction), United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 31, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: AP; CL; CB lenders
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

Temporary appraisal requirement flexibilities: allowing exterior-only inspection appraisals or desktop appraisals... Extension of effective date: extending the application dates eligible for these temporary flexibilities to Jan. 31, 2021

Enforcement: Selling Guide contractual requirements; loans ineligible without compliance

Citation: Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction), Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-012) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-073

Executive Order No. 20-10

Rescinding Executive Order 20-06 and temporarily prohibiting certain foreclosures and evictions

Governor Laura Kelly, Kansas (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 100 (in force on the last day)

4. No bank or financial lending entity operating in Kansas shall foreclose on a residential property in Kansas when all defaults or violations of the mortgage are substantially caused by a financial hardship resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. 5. No landlords - whether individuals, companies, banks, financial lending entities, nursing homes, long-term care facilities, or other entities - shall evict a residential tenant when all defaults or violations of the rental agreement are substantially caused by a financial hardship resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. 6. Any bank, financial lending entity, or landlord initiating judicial foreclosure or judicial eviction proceedings after the effective date of this order shall have the burden of pleading and proving that the foreclosure or eviction proceeding is not being initiated solely because of defaults... substantially caused by a…

Enforcement: K.S.A. 48-939 (Class A misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Laura Kelly, Executive Order No. 20-10 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-073) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-037

Executive Order 2020-14

Postponement of Eviction Enforcement Actions

Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Arizona (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 99 (in force on the last day)

1. Unless a court determines... that enforcement is necessary in the interest of justice... all Arizona Peace Officer Standards and Training Board certified law enforcement officers and any person subject to the jurisdiction of the Constable Ethics Standards and Training Board, shall temporarily delay enforcement of eviction action orders for residential premises when one of the following circumstances exist and are documented to the landlord or property owner: a. The individual is required to be quarantined... e. The individual suffered a substantial loss of income resulting from COVID-19, including: i. Job loss; ii. Reduction in compensation; iii. Closure of place of employment; iv. Obligation to be absent from work to care for a home-bound school-age child... 3. A landlord shall not interpret a health and safety provision of a contract to include COVID-19 as a reason for termination…

Enforcement: A.R.S. 26-317

Citation: Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-14 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-037) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-055

Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12)

Executive Order in Response to COVID-19 (remote notarization and witnessing)

Governor JB Pritzker, Illinois (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 97 (in force on the last day)

Section 1. During the duration of the Gubernatorial Disaster Proclamation related to the outbreak of COVID-19, the requirement that a person must 'appear before' a Notary Public commissioned under the laws of Illinois pursuant to the Illinois Notary Act, 5 ILCS 312/6-102, is satisfied if the Notary Public performs a remote notarization via two-way audio-video communication technology

Enforcement: 20 ILCS 3305/19

Citation: Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-055) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-010

Mortgagee Letter 2020-05

Re-verification of Employment and Exterior-Only and Desktop-Only Appraisal Scope of Work Options for FHA Single Family Programs Impacted by COVID-19

HUD, FHA, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: AP interior inspections replaced by exterior-only and desktop appraisals; CL; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 96 (in force on the last day)

FHA Single Family's Exterior-Only or Desktop-Only Appraisal inspection scope of work options... allowing exceptions for Exterior-Only... In recognition of the current situation throughout the country

Enforcement: FHA program requirements

Citation: HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2020-05 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-010) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-047

Executive Order N-37-20

Executive Order banning enforcement of eviction orders for renters affected by COVID-19

Governor Gavin Newsom, California (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to May 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 66

2) No writ may be enforced while this Order is in effect to evict a tenant from a residence or dwelling unit for nonpayment of rent who satisfies the requirements of subparagraphs (a)-(c) of paragraph 1. 3) The protections in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be in effect through May 31, 2020.

Enforcement: Gov't Code 8665

Citation: Governor Gavin Newsom, Executive Order N-37-20 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-047) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-031

Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73)

An Act relating to the state of emergency in response to COVID-19 and declaring an emergency

Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.), Kentucky (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; HR licensing deadlines
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 93 (in force on the last day)

[s. 1(3)?] notarial acts... may be performed... by video... during the state of emergency;... may be suspended throughout the course of the state of emergency

Enforcement: KRS ch. 39A

Citation: Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.), Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-031) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-040

Executive Order 20-03-30-04

Authorizing Remote Notarizations

Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr., Maryland (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 93 (in force on the last day)

AUTHORIZING REMOTE NOTARIZATIONS... [the physical-presence requirement is satisfied by] the use of communications technologies that permit the notary to see and hear the person signing a document in real time [on stated conditions and notice to the Secretary of State]

Enforcement: Pub. Safety 14-114

Citation: Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-03-30-04 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-040) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-041

Executive Order No. 7Q

Protection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic and Response - Childcare Safety, Remote Notarization Update

Governor Ned Lamont, Connecticut (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Feb. 15, 2022
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 93 (in force on the last day)

3. Remote Notarization - Amended Procedures. Effective immediately and through [the emergency]... Executive Order 7K concerning remote notarizations is hereby superseded... [statutes] are hereby modified to permit any notarial act that is required under Connecticut law to be performed by a Notary Public... or a Commissioner of the Superior Court... [with] a remotely located individual

Enforcement: Conn. Gen. Stat. 28-22

Citation: Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7Q (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-041) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-035

Executive Order 03.31.20.01

Temporarily suspending physical-presence requirements for the attestation of recordable instruments

Governor Brian P. Kemp, Georgia (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to July 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL closings and recordable deeds; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (in force on the last day)

Any purported requirement under the laws of this state that the attestation of a recordable instrument under Code Sections 44-2-1 et seq. and 45-17-1 et seq. must occur in the physical presence of the notary public may be satisfied by the use of real-time audio-visual communication technology... any requirement under Code Section 44-2-1 et seq. that an in-person witness attest or acknowledge an instrument, document, or deed may be satisfied by the use of real-time audio-video communication technology

Enforcement: O.C.G.A. 38-3-7

Citation: Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.31.20.01 (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-035) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-063

Executive Order No. 20-13

Ordering a Temporary Moratorium on Certain Evictions and Terminations of Rental Agreements and Leases

Governor Kate Brown, Oregon (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (in force on the last day)

a temporary moratorium on terminations of residential and non-residential rental agreements and evictions on the basis of nonpayment is necessary during this emergency... Executive Order 20-11 prohibits law enforcement from enforcing residential tenant eviction notices and orders. Given the ongoing public health emergency, further action is necessary to prevent termination of residential leases and the initiation of eviction proceedings during this emergency

Enforcement: ORS 401.990 (Class C misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Kate Brown, Executive Order No. 20-13 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-063) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-039

Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02)

Temporarily Prohibiting Evictions of Tenants Suffering Substantial Loss of Income Due to COVID-19, and Additionally Prohibiting Certain Repossessions

Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr., Maryland (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 89 (in force on the last day)

No Maryland court shall give any judgment for possession or repossession... if the tenant can demonstrate... a substantial loss of income resulting from COVID-19

Enforcement: Pub. Safety 14-114 (misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-039)

Ex. SEC-14-026

Executive Order 2020-41

Encouraging the use of electronic signatures and remote notarization, witnessing, and visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Michigan (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 8, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL closings by remote notarization and e-recording; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 84 (in force on the last day)

3. Strict compliance [with] the Michigan Law on Notarial Acts, 2003 PA 238, as amended, MCL 55.261 et seq., is temporarily suspended, to the extent it requires a notary to be in the physical presence of an individual seeking the notary's services or of any required witnesses. 1. Strict compliance with rules and procedures under the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act... and the Uniform Real Property Electronic Recording Act ('URPERA'), 2010 PA 123... is temporarily suspended to the extent necessary to permit the use of an electronic signature

Enforcement: MCL 10.33

Citation: Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-41 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-026) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-042

Executive Order No. 7X

Protection of Public Health and Safety During COVID-19 Pandemic and Response - Protections for Residential Renters

Governor Ned Lamont, Connecticut (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 10, 2020 to July 1, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 82 (in force on the last day)

1. Protections for Residential Renters Impacted by COVID-19.... a. No Notice to Quit or Service of Summary Process Before July 1. [No landlord] shall, before July 1, 2020, deliver or cause to be delivered a notice to quit or serve or return a summary process action, for any reason set forth [in 47a-23] except serious nuisance... b. Automatic 60-Day Grace Period for April Rent

Enforcement: Conn. Gen. Stat. 28-22

Citation: Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7X (Apr. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-042) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-019

P.L. 2020, c. 26

An Act concerning remote notarial acts, and other acts for executing and verifying certain documents, during the public health emergency and state of emergency

New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), New Jersey (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 14, 2020 to July 22, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 78 (in force on the last day)

a notary public... may perform a notarial act using communication technology for a remotely located individual... for the duration of the public health emergency and state of emergency

Enforcement: R.S. 46:14-6.1; 52:7-10 et seq.

Citation: New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), P.L. 2020, c. 26 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-019) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-007

Real Estate Appraisals; interim final rule, 85 Fed. Reg. 21312

Real Estate Appraisals

OCC, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, FDIC, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 17, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Apr. 14, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: AP appraisals deferred to after closing; CL closings without the appraisal in hand; CB lenders
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 75 (in force on the last day)

defers the requirement to obtain an appraisal or evaluation for up to 120 days following the closing of certain residential and commercial real estate transactions... excluding transactions for acquisition, development, and construction of real estate... These deferrals are not waivers

Enforcement: supervisory (Title XI)

Citation: OCC, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, FDIC, Real Estate Appraisals; interim final rule, 85 Fed. Reg. 21312 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-007) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-062

Act 15 of 2020

An Act amending Title 35 (Health and Safety)... providing for COVID-19 disaster emergency (including remote notarial acts)

Pennsylvania General Assembly (S.B. 841), Pennsylvania (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to Oct. 29, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 72 (in force on the last day)

[Subchapter D, Notarial Acts: a notary public may perform a notarial act using communication technology for a remotely located individual during the COVID-19 disaster emergency and for 60 days thereafter] (act text on file; the subchapter's pin was not extracted)

Enforcement: 57 Pa. C.S. ch. 3

Citation: Pennsylvania General Assembly (S.B. 841), Act 15 of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-062) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-053

Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020

An Act providing for virtual notarization to address challenges related to COVID-19

Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Massachusetts (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 65 (in force on the last day)

[during the] emergency, a notary public appointed pursuant to chapter 222 of the General Laws... may perform a notarial act under said chapter 222 utilizing electronic video conferencing... [with the signatory and notary physically in the Commonwealth; documents relating to real estate must be notarized by a notary who is an attorney or a paralegal under an attorney's supervision]

Enforcement: G.L. c. 222

Citation: Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-053) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-070

Suspension of Tex. Gov't Code 406.016 and related statutes (Apr. 8 and Apr. 27, 2020) permitting appearance before a notary by videoconference for wills, powers of attorney and real estate instruments

Governor Abbott Temporarily Suspends Certain Statutes To Allow For Appearance Before Notary Public Via Videoconference For Real Estate Instruments

Governor Greg Abbott, Texas (State)

Dates: In force from Apr. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 65 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: Tex. Gov't Code ch. 418

Citation: Governor Greg Abbott, Suspension of Tex. Gov't Code 406.016 and related statutes (Apr. 8 and Apr. 27, 2020) permitting appearance before a notary by videoconference for wills, powers of attorney and real estate instruments (Ex. SEC-14-070)

Ex. SEC-14-034

Session Law 2020-3 (COVID-19 Recovery Act), Part IV, s. 4.1 (Emergency Video Notarization) and s. 4.2 (Emergency Video Witnessing)

An Act to Provide Aid to North Carolinians in Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis

North Carolina General Assembly, North Carolina (State)

Dates: In force from May 4, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: CL; OP
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 58 (in force on the last day)

[Part IV, G.S. 10B-25: a notary may perform an emergency video notarization using video conference technology for a principal located in North Carolina...

Enforcement: G.S. ch. 10B

Citation: North Carolina General Assembly, Session Law 2020-3 (COVID-19 Recovery Act), Part IV, s. 4.1 (Emergency Video Notarization) and s. 4.2 (Emergency Video Witnessing) (May 4, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-034) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-015

Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2)

Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services

New York State Department of Health / NY Forward, New York (State)

Dates: In force from May 29, 2020 to June 15, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Functions reached: SH; LS; OP; LE
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 33 (in force on the last day)

Enforcement: EO 202; mandatory 'Responsible Parties' affirmation

Citation: New York State Department of Health / NY Forward, Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2) (May 29, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-015)

Ex. SEC-14-033

Executive Order No. 142

Temporary Prohibitions on Evictions and Extending the Prohibition on Utility Shut-Offs

Governor Roy Cooper, North Carolina (State)

Dates: In force from May 30, 2020 to June 20, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 22

additional twenty-one (21) day moratorium on residential evictions for reason of late payment or nonpayment... [following the Chief Justice's orders postponing eviction proceedings and the June 1, 2020 resumption of court operations]

Enforcement: G.S. 166A-19.30(d); 14-288.20A (Class 2 misdemeanor)

Citation: Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 142 (May 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-033) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-064

Enrolled House Bill 4213

Relating to residential and commercial tenancies during the COVID-19 emergency

Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 First Special Session), Oregon (State)

Dates: In force from June 30, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 1 (in force on the last day)

(a) 'Emergency period' means the period beginning on April 1, 2020, and ending on September 30, 2020... (2) During and after the emergency period and notwithstanding this chapter or ORS chapter 105, a landlord may not, and may not threaten to: (a) Deliver a notice of termination of a rental agreement based on a tenant's nonpayment... [a required notice must state] that eviction for nonpayment is not allowed before September 30, 2020

Enforcement: ORS ch. 90 (tenant remedies; damages)

Citation: Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 First Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4213 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-064) Open the exhibit

Third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-333

General Order 72-6

In re: COVID Public Health Emergency (General Order 72-6)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouses closed to public events and tours; most appearances remote; in force Sept. 16, 2020 - June 30, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15 (in force on the last day)

Orders as follows, effective immediately: 1. Jury trials and bench trials may proceed in accordance with the logistical considerations [necessitated by the pandemic]... 3. Other court appearances may be waived or postponed, or may be conducted by telephone or [videoconference]... [in-person proceedings other than trials] are suspended pending further notice, unless a judge orders otherwise in a specific case.... 3. Pending further notice, the courthouses and law libraries are closed for public events, tours, and [gatherings]... 4. Effective immediately, this General Order supersedes General Order 72-5. ADOPTED: September 16, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-393

USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain closed until further notice' (April 2020); gradual reopening release of May 21, 2020

Army Corps of Engineers begins gradual reopening of recreation areas closed due to coronavirus (May 21, 2020), following district closures of March 2020

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders, United States (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recreation areas, visitor centers and project offices) (Federal)

Dates: In force from May 21, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020 (issued Mar. 17, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Business closure
Functions reached: AM the largest federal provider of outdoor recreation (about 270 million visits a year) closed its campgrounds and visitor centers; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Reopening of closed recreation areas will vary from location to location based on state and local conditions, as well as each project's ability to put in place COVID-19 safety precautions.

Enforcement: 36 C.F.R. part 327 closures

Citation: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders, USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain closed until further notice' (April 2020); gradual reopening release of May 21, 2020 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-393)

Ex. FED-302

Standing Order 20-13

In re: Use of Face Coverings/Masks Due to COVID-19

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Newark, Trenton, Camden) (Court)

Dates: In force from May 22, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, that all persons seeking entry to or [present in the courthouses, including court staff and] the public, are required to wear a face covering or mask when in a community setting, including entering and exiting the courthouse, entering and exiting the Clerk's Office, and in [elevators, hallways] and restrooms; and it is further ORDERED that all persons shall engage in social distancing, which requires that individuals maintain a six-foot distance between each other...

Enforcement: court order; court security

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-285

Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078

In re: Coronavirus Public Emergency - Use of Face Coverings in the Courthouses

Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, United States District Court for the Central District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from June 1, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouse access conditioned on masking for all of 2020 Q3 through 2021 Q3; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

[all persons entering or] occupying, the United States Courthouses or Probation and Pretrial Services Offices in the Central District of California must wear face coverings in all [public] spaces. The face covering must completely conceal the individual's nose [and mouth]...

Enforcement: court order; court security officers

Citation: Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-325

USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4

USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, United States (USCIS domestic offices) (Federal)

Dates: In force from June 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued May 27, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Face-covering requirementCourts and public officesWorkplace rules
Functions reached: HR; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services is preparing some domestic offices to reopen and resume non-emergency public services on or after June 4. On March 18, USCIS temporarily suspended routine in-person [services]... Members of the public must wear facial coverings that cover both the mouth and nose when entering [facilities]...

Enforcement: agency entry conditions

Citation: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4 (Ex. FED-325) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-336

General Order 77

Provisional Modifications to the Jury Plan (COVID-19)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from June 9, 2020 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT jury pools thinned by deferral rights; WF jurors' employers
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

[Any prospective juror] may, upon request, defer or postpone jury service from six months to 12 months.... These provisional modifications to the Jury Plan will remain in effect until [further order]. IT IS SO ORDERED. ADOPTED: June 9, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 77 (June 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-336) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-331

General Order 72-4

In re: Coronavirus Disease Public Health Emergency (General Order 72-4)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from June 24, 2020 to July 23, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT in force June 30 - July 1, 2020
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 23 (in force on the first day)

[civil:] 1. No new jury trial will be conducted through September 30, 2020.... 2. Through September 30, 2020, all civil matters will be decided on the papers, or if the assigned [judge orders, by telephone or videoconference]... [criminal:] 1. Commencing July 1, 2020, a limited number of jury trials are permitted at the court's discretion.... [in-person proceedings other than trials] are suspended pending further notice, unless a judge orders otherwise in a specific case.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-4 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-331) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-316

Fourth Amendment to General Order 20-01

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19 (General Order 20-01, Fourth Amendment)

Chief Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr., United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia (Atlanta, Gainesville, Newnan, Rome) (Court)

Dates: In force from July 4, 2020 to July 31, 2020 (issued July 31, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT Atlanta's federal court: no jury trials Mar. 16 - July 31, 2020 and beyond; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 28

General Order 20-01, dated March 16, 2020, and amended by orders dated March [and April 2020, addressed the exigent circumstances] created by the spread of COVID-19. The Third Amendment to General Order 20-01, entered May 26, 2020, extended the time periods specified in the Order through and including July 3, 2020.... As the adverse conditions giving rise to General Order 20-01 have not sufficiently resolved for the Court to return to normal operations, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that General Order 20-01, as amended, is further amended to extend the time periods specified therein through and including the date of July 31, 2020. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that while there will be no civil or criminal jury [trials during that period]...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr, Fourth Amendment to General Order 20-01 (July 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-316) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-029

No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020)

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation; Second Modification and Extension of No Sail Order and Other Measures Related to Operations, 85 Fed. Reg. 44085 (July 21, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from July 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q3
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 77 (in force on the last day)

[second extension of the No Sail Order through September 30, 2020]

Enforcement: same as FED-027

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-029) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-332

General Order 72-5

In re: Coronavirus Disease Public Health Emergency (General Order 72-5)

Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from July 23, 2020 to Sept. 16, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q3
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the federal court records that a State order capping in-court proceedings at ten people 'necessarily precludes jury trials' (July 2020)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 56

[WHEREAS the State's July 2020 orders limit] permissible in-court criminal proceedings to ten people, which necessarily precludes jury trials;... 1. No new jury trial will be conducted through September 30, 2020. Any jury trial currently scheduled to commence before October 1, 2020, will be postponed or vacated. However, individual judges may offer bench trials by videoconference in lieu of postponement. 2. Through September 30, 2020, all civil matters will be decided on the papers...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-5 (July 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-332) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-022

CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 55292 (Sept. 4, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), United States (every State and territory with documented COVID-19 cases lacking an equal or stronger moratorium) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Sept. 1, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM property management (eviction and possessory actions suspended for covered persons); SV servicing and collections (financial services); CL/CT court and clerk functions (eviction dockets); CB tenant base of real-estate and property-management firms
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 27 (in force on the last day)

Under 42 CFR 70.2, a landlord, owner of a residential property, or other person with a legal right to pursue eviction or possessory action, shall not evict any covered person from any residential property in any jurisdiction to which this Order applies during the effective period of the Order.... This Order does not apply in any State, local, territorial, or tribal area with a moratorium on residential evictions that provides the same or greater level of public-health protection than the requirements listed in this Order.

Enforcement: Criminal: 'a person violating this Order may be subject to a fine of no more than $100,000 if the violation does not result in a death or one year in jail, or both... An organization violating this Order may be subject to a fine of no more than $200,000 per event if the violation does not result in a death or $500,000 per event if the violation results in a death' (18 U.S.C. §§ 3559, 3571; 42…

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-022) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-030

No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020)

No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation; Third Modification and Extension of No Sail Order and Other Measures Related to Operations, 85 Fed. Reg. 62732 (Oct. 5, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Sept. 30, 2020 to Oct. 31, 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Functions reached: TV; GS; CB; SC
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 1 (in force on the last day)

[extends the No Sail Order to the earliest of the PHE's expiration, rescission, or] October 31, 2020.

Enforcement: same as FED-027

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-030) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-289

General Order 20-10 (court operations under COVID-19, March 2020) and its successors General Orders 20-11 through 20-30 (2020) and 21-11 (June 17, 2021)

General Order 20-10: Court Operations (COVID-19), with successors (20-12 Grand Jury; 20-13, 20-15, 20-16, 20-17 Court Operations; 20-18 CARES Act; 20-20 Jury; 20-26 Court Operations; 20-30 CARES Act extension; 21-11)

Chief Judge G. Murray Snow, United States District Court for the District of Arizona (Phoenix, Tucson, Flagstaff, Yuma) (Court)

Dates: In force from June 17, 2021 to June 17, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: Grand juries; courthouse access; CARES Act video proceedings)
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 0

Enforcement: court orders

Citation: Chief Judge G. Murray Snow, General Order 20-10 (court operations under COVID-19, March 2020) and its successors General Orders 20-11 through 20-30 (2020) and 21-11 (June 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-289)

Ex. FED-287

General Order No. 44 (entrance protocols; COVID-19)

General Order 44: Entrance Protocols (Elbert P. Tuttle Courthouse)

United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit (Atlanta) (Court)

Dates: Effective: 2020
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source

Enforcement: court order; court security

Citation: United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, General Order No. 44 (entrance protocols; COVID-19) (Ex. FED-287) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-010

Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus

Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists

Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the CDC orders (each states it runs until the PHE ends), the § 1135 waivers, the CMS interim final rules and the OSHA ETS findings
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

As a result of confirmed cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), on this date and after consultation with public health officials as necessary, I, Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, pursuant to the authority vested in me under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, do hereby determine that a public health emergency exists and has existed since January 27, 2020, nationwide.

Enforcement: Predicate; the enabled instruments carry their own enforcement

Citation: Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-200

Proclamation 9984

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus and Other Appropriate Measures To Address This Risk, 85 Fed. Reg. 6709 (Feb. 5, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound travel from China (business visitors, buyers, engineers); SC supplier engineering and quality visits; MK inbound trade-show attendance; CB foreign customer base
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the People's Republic of China, excluding the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 6. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on February 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3: implemented by the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security; an alien who circumvents the proclamation is a priority for removal (sec. 3(c)); carriers barred from boarding covered aliens under DHS implementing measures

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-180

Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020)

Declaration Under the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Functions reached: context: the federal legal framework under which pharmacies, employers' clinics, and later dental and other practitioners administered tests and vaccines
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

The Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act) authorizes the Secretary of Health and Human Services (the Secretary) to issue a Declaration to provide liability immunity to certain individuals and entities (Covered Persons) against any claim of loss caused by, arising out of, relating to, or resulting from the manufacture, distribution, administration, or use of medical countermeasures (Covered Countermeasures), except for claims involving 'willful misconduct' as defined in the PREP Act.... DATES: The Declaration was effective as of February 4, 2020.

Enforcement: Liability immunity; amended nine times through 2021 (85 Fed. Reg. 21012; 35100; 52136; 79190; 86 Fed. Reg. 7872; 9516; 14462; 41977; 51160)

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-181

Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV

Determination of Public Health Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 7316 (Feb. 7, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Functions reached: context: the earliest federal emergency determination (Feb. 4, 2020); the legal basis of every COVID-19 test EUA
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

On February 4, 2020, the Secretary determined pursuant to his authority under section 564 of the FD&C Act that there is a public health emergency that has a significant potential to affect national security or the health and security of United States citizens living abroad and that involves a novel (new) coronavirus (nCoV) first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in 2019 (2019-nCoV). On the basis of this determination, he also declared that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for detection and/or diagnosis of this novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pursuant to section 564 of the FD&C Act

Enforcement: Framework for FDA emergency use authorizations

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-001

Proclamation 9994

Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak, 85 Fed. Reg. 15337 (Mar. 18, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for every federal health-care instrument (FED-090 to FED-099, FED-160)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

do hereby find and proclaim that the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States constitutes a national emergency, beginning March 1, 2020. Pursuant to this declaration, I direct as follows: Section 1. Emergency Authority. The Secretary of HHS may exercise the authority under section 1135 of the SSA to temporarily waive or modify certain requirements of the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children's Health Insurance programs and of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule throughout the duration of the public health emergency declared in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Enforcement: Predicate only; operates through the instruments it enables (§ 1135 waivers; CMS interim final rules; Stafford Act assistance)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-160

COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021)

COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, United States (Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP providers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care ordersOther
Functions reached: TM telehealth (physician practices, behavioral health); IP surge capacity and 'hospitals without walls' (hospitals); HC/SN home health assessments and supervision (home care); OF credentialing and administration (HR); CB payers
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

CMS is empowered to take proactive steps through 1135 waivers as well as, where applicable, authority granted under section 1812(f) of the Social Security Act (the Act) and rapidly expand the Administration's aggressive efforts against COVID-19. As a result, the following blanket waivers are in effect, with a retroactive effective date of March 1, 2020 through the end of the emergency declaration.... Home Health Agencies (HHAs): Initial Assessments. CMS is waiving the requirements at 42 CFR § 484.55(a) to allow HHAs to perform Medicare-covered initial assessments and determine patients' homebound status remotely or by record review. Waive Onsite Visits for HHA Aide Supervision. CMS is waiving the requirements at 42 CFR § 484.80(h), which require a nurse to conduct an onsite visit every two weeks.

Enforcement: Modifies otherwise mandatory conditions of participation; survey and certification

Citation: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-182

Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices

Emergency Use Declaration, 85 Fed. Reg. 13907 (Mar. 10, 2020)

Secretary of Health and Human Services, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declarationSupply chain
Functions reached: context for SC (respirator supply) in every health care and industrial sector
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

On the basis of this determination, he also declared that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of personal respiratory protective devices during the COVID-19 outbreak, pursuant to section 564 of the FD&C Act, subject to the terms of any authorization issued under that section. DATES: The determination was effective February 4, 2020, and this declaration is effective March 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Framework for the NIOSH-respirator, imported-respirator and decontamination EUAs

Citation: Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-201

Proclamation 9992

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Islamic Republic of Iran), 85 Fed. Reg. 12855 (Mar. 4, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound travel; CB foreign customer base
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the Islamic Republic of Iran during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 6. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 5:00 p.m. eastern standard time on March 2, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3 implementation by State and DHS; removal priority for circumvention

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (18 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-391	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only (Ex. FED-391)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-192	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192)	In force from Apr. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Business closureTelework mandateCapacity limitGathering capTravel and quarantine
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-097	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-097)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Sept. 17, 2020	Business closureGathering capHealth care orders
Ex. FED-027	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027)	In force from Mar. 14, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-390	Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Oct. 22, 2020	Business closure
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-266	Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), OMB Memorandum M-20-18 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-266)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-267	Office of Management and Budget, OMB Memorandum M-20-19 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-267)	In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Telework mandate
Ex. FED-099	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023	Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-340	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-295	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295)	In force from Mar. 29, 2020 to May 10, 2023	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-335	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 75 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-335)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-028	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-028)	In force from Apr. 15, 2020 to July 24, 2020 (issued Apr. 9, 2020)	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-268	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-268)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to June 10, 2021	Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-288	Chief Judge Philip A. Brimmer, General Order 2020-8 (May 6, 2020) (Ex. FED-288)	In force from May 6, 2020 to July 6, 2020	Courts and public offices

123 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Real Estate

Ex. SEC-14-049

AB 3088, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Stats. 2020, ch. 37)

Tenancy: rental payment default: mortgage forbearance: state of emergency: COVID-19

California Legislature (AB 3088; approved by the Governor), California (State)

Dates: In force from Aug. 31, 2020 to Mar. 31, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31 (in force on the last day)

This bill would, until February 1, 2025, enact the COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Tenant Act). The Tenant Act would require that any 3 days' notice that demands payment of COVID-19 rental debt... [the covered period is] the time between March 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021... [prohibiting unlawful detainer for COVID-19 rental debt on a declaration of hardship]

Enforcement: Code Civ. Proc. 1179.01 et seq.; Civ. Code 1942.5, 789.4 (penalties)

Citation: California Legislature (AB 3088; approved by the Governor), AB 3088, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Stats. 2020, ch. 37) (Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-049) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-022

Order of the Governor Related to Foreclosures and Evictions (extension)

Order Related to Foreclosures and Evictions

Governor Tom Wolf, Pennsylvania (State)

Dates: In force from July 10, 2020 to Aug. 31, 2020 (issued July 9, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 53

Extends the stay of the May 7, 2020 order to August 31, 2020

Enforcement: 35 Pa. C.S. 7301

Citation: Governor Tom Wolf, Order of the Governor Related to Foreclosures and Evictions (extension) (July 9, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-022)

Ex. SEC-14-038

Executive Order 2020-49

Continued Postponement of Eviction Enforcement Actions

Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Arizona (State)

Dates: In force from July 23, 2020 to Oct. 31, 2020 (issued July 16, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Confirmed from a secondary source
Days in this quarter: 70 (in force on the last day)

Extends EO 2020-14 to October 31, 2020 with rental-assistance application conditions

Enforcement: A.R.S. 26-317

Citation: Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-49 (July 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-038)

Ex. SEC-14-059

Executive Order 20-211

Emergency Management - COVID-19 - Limited Extension of Mortgage Foreclosure and Eviction Relief

Governor Ron DeSantis, Florida (State)

Dates: In force from Sept. 1, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2020 (issued Aug. 31, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 30 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, Executive Order 20-180 expires on September 1, 2020, unless extended.... Section 1. I hereby extend Executive Order 20-180 until 12:01 a.m. on October 1, 2020.

Enforcement: Fla. Stat. 252.50

Citation: Governor Ron DeSantis, Executive Order 20-211 (Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-059) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-001

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 55292

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Sept. 1, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Workplace rulesOther
Functions reached: PM property management: eviction remedy suspended nationwide; CB landlords and tenants; LE leasing offices (collections, turnover); CM (residential only; commercial excluded)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 27 (in force on the last day)

a landlord, owner of a residential property, or other person with a legal right to pursue eviction or possessory action, shall not evict any covered person from any residential property in any jurisdiction to which this Order applies during the effective period of the Order.... This Order does not apply in any State, local, territorial, or tribal area with a moratorium on residential evictions that provides the same or greater level of public-health protection

Enforcement: 18 U.S.C. 3559, 3571; 42 U.S.C. 271; 42 C.F.R. 70.18: fine up to $100,000 or one year imprisonment (individual); up to $200,000 (organization); Department of Justice

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 55292 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-001) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (40 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-14-048	State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048)	In force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Stay-at-homeBusiness closure
Ex. SEC-14-071	Supreme Court of Virginia, Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-071)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-016	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-069	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (issued Mar. 23, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-076	Governor John Carney, Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-076)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-058	Governor Ron DeSantis, Executive Order 20-94 (Apr. 2, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-058)	In force from Apr. 2, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2020	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-008	Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, DHS, Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 3.0 (Apr. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-008)	In force from Apr. 17, 2020 to May 19, 2020	Business closure
Ex. SEC-14-052	Massachusetts General Court (H.4647), Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-052)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-056	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056)	In force from Apr. 23, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-021	Governor Tom Wolf, Order of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Related to the Dispossession of Property (May 7, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-021)	In force from May 11, 2020 to July 10, 2020 (issued May 7, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-061	Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061)	In force from May 14, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-020	Governor Tom Wolf (Office of the Governor and Department of State), Guidance for Businesses in the Real Estate Industry Permitted to Operate During the COVID-19 Disaster Emergency to Ensure the Safety and Health of Employees and the Public (May 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-020)	In force from May 19, 2020 to July 3, 2020	Business closureCapacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. SEC-14-025	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-134 (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-025)	In force from June 26, 2020 to July 16, 2020	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-044	New York State Legislature (S.8192-B), Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-044)	In force from June 30, 2020; end: covered period runs from Mar. 7, 2020 until the date on which none of the EO 202…	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-046	Governor Gavin Newsom, Executive Order N-28-20 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-046)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-072	Governor Christopher T. Sununu, Emergency Order #4 Pursuant to Executive Order 2020-04 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-072)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to July 1, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-009	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-009)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-086	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-086)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-017	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 106 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-017)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 4, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-029	Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Executive Order 20-06 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-029)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 14, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-024	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-19 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-024)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-012	Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction), Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-012)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 31, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-073	Governor Laura Kelly, Executive Order No. 20-10 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-073)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-037	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-14 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-037)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-055	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-055)	In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-010	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2020-05 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-010)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-031	Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.), Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-031)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-040	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-03-30-04 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-040)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-041	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7Q (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-041)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Feb. 15, 2022	Other
Ex. SEC-14-035	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.31.20.01 (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-035)	In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-039	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-039)	In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-026	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-41 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-026)	In force from Apr. 8, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-042	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7X (Apr. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-042)	In force from Apr. 10, 2020 to July 1, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-019	New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), P.L. 2020, c. 26 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-019)	In force from Apr. 14, 2020 to July 22, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-007	OCC, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, FDIC, Real Estate Appraisals; interim final rule, 85 Fed. Reg. 21312 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-007)	In force from Apr. 17, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Apr. 14, 2020)	Other
Ex. SEC-14-062	Pennsylvania General Assembly (S.B. 841), Act 15 of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-062)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to Oct. 29, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-053	Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-053)	In force from Apr. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-034	North Carolina General Assembly, Session Law 2020-3 (COVID-19 Recovery Act), Part IV, s. 4.1 (Emergency Video Notarization) and s. 4.2 (Emergency Video Witnessing) (May 4, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-034)	In force from May 4, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-015	New York State Department of Health / NY Forward, Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2) (May 29, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-015)	In force from May 29, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. SEC-14-064	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 First Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4213 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-064)	In force from June 30, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Other

Fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-303

Standing Order 20-17

In re: Suspension of In-Person Judicial Proceedings and Modification of Second Extension of Standing Order 2020-12, Due to the Resurgence of COVID-19

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Nov. 25, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the federal court in New Jersey suspended all in-person proceedings for the winter 2020-21 resurgence; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 37 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, on June 25, 2020, New Jersey issued a travel advisory... [which] ballooned to 46 states and U.S. jurisdictions, as of November 17, 2020;... WHEREAS, on November 23, 2020, COVID-19-related hospitalizations in New Jersey [reached their highest level since May]... [ORDERED that all in-person judicial proceedings in the District, including criminal proceedings, are suspended]...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-303) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-339

Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012

In re: Coronavirus COVID-19 Public Emergency (Eighth Amended)

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from Nov. 13, 2020 to Jan. 12, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT the winter 2020-21 re-tightening: all jury trials suspended until further order (Nov. 13, 2020); in force Dec. 31, 2020 and Jan. 1, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 49 (in force on the last day)

it is hereby ORDERED:... 2. All civil and criminal jury trials are suspended until further order of this Court.... 9. All public gatherings are suspended at both the Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse in Chicago and the Stanley J. Roszkowski U.S. Courthouse in Rockford...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-339) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-304

Third Extension of Standing Order 20-12

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19 (Third Extension of Standing Order 2020-12)

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Dec. 17, 2020 to Mar. 12, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, this Court also recently entered the Extension of Standing Order 2020-17, suspending all in-person proceedings in this District, including criminal proceedings, through January 31, 2021, except as is necessary to comply with the provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, [Relief, and Economic Security Act]... [the Court extends Standing Order] 2020-12, due to expire on January 4, 2021, and issues the following: 1. The Court ORDERS that all civil and criminal jury selections and jury trials shall [be continued]... DATED: December 17, 2020

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Third Extension of Standing Order 20-12 (Dec. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-304) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-096

CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020)

QSO-20-13-Hospitals

CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare-participating hospitals) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care orders
Functions reached: ED intake and screening; VS visitation; IC infection control; IP placement and discharge
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Hospital Guidance and Actions - CMS regulations and guidance support hospitals taking appropriate action to address potential and confirmed COVID cases and mitigate transmission including screening, discharge and transfers from the hospital, and visitation.... Hospitals should identify visitors and patients at risk for having COVID-19 infection before or immediately upon arrival to the healthcare facility.

Enforcement: Hospital CoP survey and enforcement (42 C.F.R. § 482.42)

Citation: CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-088

Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020)

Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19

OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, United States (all employers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 9, 2020 to Jan. 29, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q4
Limitations: Workplace rules
Functions reached: EMP context: the federal template (exposure-risk pyramid; engineering, administrative and PPE controls) that State workplace orders incorporated by reference
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

This guidance is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards. The recommendations are advisory in nature, informational in content, and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace.... the Act's General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

Enforcement: None as guidance; general duty clause citations used it as the measure of recognized hazard and feasible abatement

Citation: OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020) (Mar. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-088) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-098

QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs)

QSO-20-18-HHA

CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, United States (Medicare and Medicaid home health agencies) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care orders
Functions reached: HC in-home visits (pre-visit screening); IC infection control; HR/WF staff monitoring
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

This memorandum responds to questions we have received and provides important guidance for all Medicare and Medicaid participating Home Health Agencies (HHAs) in addressing the COVID-19 outbreak and minimizing transmission to other individuals.... HHAs should be monitoring the health status of everyone (patients/residents/visitors/staff/etc.) in the homecare setting for signs or symptoms of COVID-19.... When making a home visit, HHAs should identify patients at risk for having COVID-19 infection before or immediately upon arrival to the home.

Enforcement: HHA CoP survey and certification (42 C.F.R. § 484.70)

Citation: CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-006

Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020)

Letter from President Donald J. Trump on Emergency Determination under the Stafford Act

President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), United States (every State, Tribe, territory and the District of Columbia) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for every State's FEMA Public Assistance Category B measures (the funding behind State and local emergency operations)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Therefore, as an initial step, I hereby determine, under section 501(b) of the Stafford Act, that an emergency exists nationwide. In accordance with this determination, the Federal Emergency Management Agency may provide, as appropriate, assistance pursuant to section 502 and 503 of the Stafford Act for emergency protective measures not authorized under other Federal statutes.

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-202

Proclamation 9993

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Schengen Area), 85 Fed. Reg. 15045 (Mar. 16, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 11, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound European business travel; SC European supplier visits and engineering support; MK European attendance at U.S. trade shows; CB European customers and distributors; TR outbound travel (European reciprocal bans as facts and circumstances)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the Schengen Area during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 5. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 11:59 p.m. eastern daylight time on March 13, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3 implementation by State and DHS; removal priority for circumvention

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9993 (Mar. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-202) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-203

Proclamation 9996

Suspension of Entry as Immigrants and Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting 2019 Novel Coronavirus (United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland), 85 Fed. Reg. 15341 (Mar. 18, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 14, 2020)
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TV inbound UK and Irish business travel; CB UK and Irish customers; MK trade shows
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

Section 1. Suspension and Limitation on Entry. The entry into the United States, as immigrants or nonimmigrants, of all aliens who were physically present within the United Kingdom, excluding overseas territories outside of Europe, or the Republic of Ireland during the 14-day period preceding their entry or attempted entry into the United States is hereby suspended and limited subject to section 2 of this proclamation.... Sec. 5. Effective Date. This proclamation is effective at 11:59 p.m. eastern daylight time on March 16, 2020.

Enforcement: Sec. 3 implementation by State and DHS

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9996 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-203) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-367

Circular 26-20-7

Special Relief for those Potentially Impacted by COVID-19

Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, United States (VA-guaranteed home loans) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q1
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: ML mortgage origination (in-person appointments, appraisals); AP appraisals; SV
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

2. Veterans. If you have an in-person appointment scheduled with your lender, [servicer or appraiser, contact them about alternatives]... 3. Lenders and Servicers. Lenders should have continuity of operation plans in [place]... 4. Appraisers. Appraisers should continue to conduct business as outlined in [VA guidance while observing public health precautions]... 5. Rescission: This Circular is rescinded April 1, 2021.

Enforcement: VA program guidance to participants

Citation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-7 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-367) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (30 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-333	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-027	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027)	In force from Mar. 14, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-390	Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to Oct. 22, 2020	Business closure
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-266	Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), OMB Memorandum M-20-18 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-266)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-267	Office of Management and Budget, OMB Memorandum M-20-19 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-267)	In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Telework mandate
Ex. FED-099	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023	Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-340	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-295	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295)	In force from Mar. 29, 2020 to May 10, 2023	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-335	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 75 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-335)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-268	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-268)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to June 10, 2021	Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-302	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302)	In force from May 22, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-285	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285)	In force from June 1, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-325	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4 (Ex. FED-325)	In force from June 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued May 27, 2020)	Face-covering requirementCourts and public officesWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-336	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 77 (June 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-336)	In force from June 9, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-022	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-022)	In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Sept. 1, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-030	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-030)	In force from Sept. 30, 2020 to Oct. 31, 2020	Business closureTravel and quarantineEvents and venues
Ex. FED-289	Chief Judge G. Murray Snow, General Order 20-10 (court operations under COVID-19, March 2020) and its successors General Orders 20-11 through 20-30 (2020) and 21-11 (June 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-289)	In force from June 17, 2021 to June 17, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-287	United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, General Order No. 44 (entrance protocols; COVID-19) (Ex. FED-287)	Effective: 2020	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine

120 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Real Estate

Ex. SEC-14-043

COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2020, L. 2020, ch. 381

An Act establishing the 'COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2020'

New York State Legislature (S.9114/A.11181), New York (State)

Dates: In force from Dec. 28, 2020 to May 1, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE; CM (small-landlord foreclosure protections)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 4 (in force on the last day)

s. 2. Pending eviction proceedings. Any eviction proceeding pending on the effective date of this act, including eviction proceedings filed on or before March 7, 2020, or commenced within thirty days of the effective date of this act shall be stayed for at least sixty days... [Hardship declaration:] if you provide this form to your landlord, you cannot be evicted until at least May 1, 2021

Enforcement: RPAPL; courts

Citation: New York State Legislature (S.9114/A.11181), COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2020, L. 2020, ch. 381 (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-043) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-065

Enrolled House Bill 4401

Relating to residential tenancies during the COVID-19 emergency; landlord compensation fund

Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 Third Special Session), Oregon (State)

Dates: In force from Dec. 23, 2020 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q42021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 9 (in force on the last day)

SECTION 7. (1) The emergency period and the end of the grace period under this section are extended until June 30, 2021, if: [the tenant delivers a signed declaration of financial hardship]... (B) Every termination notice for nonpayment delivered before June 30, 2021

Enforcement: ORS ch. 90

Citation: Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 Third Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4401 (Dec. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-065) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (31 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-14-048	State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048)	In force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Stay-at-homeBusiness closure
Ex. SEC-14-016	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-069	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (issued Mar. 23, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-076	Governor John Carney, Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-076)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-052	Massachusetts General Court (H.4647), Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-052)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-056	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056)	In force from Apr. 23, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-061	Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061)	In force from May 14, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-044	New York State Legislature (S.8192-B), Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-044)	In force from June 30, 2020; end: covered period runs from Mar. 7, 2020 until the date on which none of the EO 202…	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-049	California Legislature (AB 3088; approved by the Governor), AB 3088, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Stats. 2020, ch. 37) (Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-049)	In force from Aug. 31, 2020 to Mar. 31, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-009	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-009)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-086	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-086)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-017	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 106 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-017)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 4, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-012	Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction), Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-012)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 31, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-073	Governor Laura Kelly, Executive Order No. 20-10 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-073)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-037	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-14 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-037)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-055	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-055)	In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-010	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2020-05 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-010)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-031	Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.), Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-031)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-040	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-03-30-04 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-040)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-041	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7Q (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-041)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Feb. 15, 2022	Other
Ex. SEC-14-035	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.31.20.01 (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-035)	In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-039	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-039)	In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-026	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-41 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-026)	In force from Apr. 8, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-019	New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), P.L. 2020, c. 26 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-019)	In force from Apr. 14, 2020 to July 22, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-007	OCC, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, FDIC, Real Estate Appraisals; interim final rule, 85 Fed. Reg. 21312 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-007)	In force from Apr. 17, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Apr. 14, 2020)	Other
Ex. SEC-14-062	Pennsylvania General Assembly (S.B. 841), Act 15 of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-062)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to Oct. 29, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-053	Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-053)	In force from Apr. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-015	New York State Department of Health / NY Forward, Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2) (May 29, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-015)	In force from May 29, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. SEC-14-064	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 First Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4213 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-064)	In force from June 30, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-038	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-49 (July 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-038)	In force from July 23, 2020 to Oct. 31, 2020 (issued July 16, 2020)	Other
Ex. SEC-14-001	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 55292 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-001)	In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020 (issued Sept. 1, 2020)	Workplace rulesOther

First quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-305

Standing Order 21-02

In re: Further Suspension of In-Person Judicial Proceedings and Limitations of Grand Jury Proceedings Due to COVID-19

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2021 to June 1, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Business closureCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 15 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, in response to the continuing pandemic, on January 19, 2021, the Governor [of New Jersey extended the public health emergency]...; [the Court] remains in Phase Three of its Recovery Guidelines, mandating the wearing of face coverings,... [the suspension of in-person proceedings] remains in effect until March 17, 2021,... [the Court] found it necessary to continue all civil and criminal jury selections and jury trials to March 12, [2021]...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-02 (Mar. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-305) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-270

Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles

COVID-19 Safe Federal Workplace: Agency Model Safety Principles

Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, United States (executive branch; all federal buildings and federal lands) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 24, 2021 to June 10, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Telework mandateCapacity limitFace-covering requirementTravel and quarantineWorkplace rules
Functions reached: OF federal workplaces capped at 25 percent occupancy; CS visitors to federal buildings minimized and screened; PJ on-site contractors masked and screened; TR official travel limited to mission-critical trips; MK federal attendance at meetings and events curtailed
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 67 (in force on the last day)

agencies should immediately require masks and distancing consistent with current CDC guidance in all Federal buildings... Unless it is physically impossible or poses a threat to critical national security interests, generally speaking, occupancy in Federal workplaces should be no more than 25% of normal capacity during periods of significant or high community transmission... No Federal workplace should operate above 25% of normal occupancy standards at any given time during periods of high community prevalence or transmission.

Enforcement: EO 13991 § 2 compliance requirement for employees, on-site contractors and all persons in federal buildings; agency COVID-19 Coordination Teams

Citation: Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Jan. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-270) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-023

CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Jan. 29, 2021)

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions to Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 8020 (Feb. 3, 2021)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 31, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021 (issued Jan. 29, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q1
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; SV; CT; CB tenants
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 60 (in force on the last day)

This Order is effective January 31, 2021 through March 31, 2021.... [extends] an Order under Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act... through March 31, 2021.

Enforcement: same as FED-022

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-023) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-296

Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012

In re: Coronavirus COVID-19 Public Emergency (Tenth Amended)

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Chicago, Rockford) (Court)

Dates: In force from Feb. 12, 2021 to Apr. 5, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Gathering capCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT Chicago's federal court: no jury trials Mar. 17, 2020 - Apr. 5, 2021, in ten successive orders; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 48 (in force on the last day)

it is hereby ORDERED:... 2. All civil and criminal jury trials are suspended until April 5, 2021.... 9. All public gatherings are suspended at both the Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse in Chicago and the Stanley J. Roszkowski U.S. Courthouse in Rockford...

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Feb. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-296) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-306

Standing Order 21-04

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19 (jury trials and grand juries)

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Mar. 11, 2021 to June 1, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT no jury trials in the District of New Jersey from March 2020 to June 1, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 21 (in force on the last day)

WHEREAS, this Court also recently entered the Extension of Standing Order 2021-02, suspending all in-person proceedings in this District, including criminal proceedings, through June 1, 2021... 1. The Court ORDERS that all civil and criminal jury selections and jury trials shall be continued to June 1, 2021. The Court may issue further Orders or Extensions concerning future general continuances of any matters as may be deemed necessary and appropriate.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-04 (Mar. 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-306) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-008

Memorandum of February 2, 2021

Maximizing Assistance From the Federal Emergency Management Agency To Respond to COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 8281 (Feb. 5, 2021)

President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 20, 2020 to Aug. 17, 2021 (issued Feb. 2, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 90 (the whole quarter)

FEMA shall provide a 100 percent Federal cost share for all work eligible for assistance under Public Assistance Category B, pursuant to sections 403 (42 U.S.C. 5170b), 502 (42 U.S.C. 5192), and 503 (42 U.S.C. 5193) of the Stafford Act... performed from January 21, 2021, through September 30, 2021. (b) FEMA shall provide a 100 percent Federal cost share for all work eligible for assistance under Public Assistance Category B... performed from January 20, 2020, through January 20, 2021.

Enforcement: Funding directive

Citation: President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (34 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-333	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-303	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-303)	In force from Nov. 25, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-099	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023	Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-340	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-295	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295)	In force from Mar. 29, 2020 to May 10, 2023	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-335	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 75 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-335)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-268	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-268)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to June 10, 2021	Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-302	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302)	In force from May 22, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-285	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285)	In force from June 1, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-325	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4 (Ex. FED-325)	In force from June 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued May 27, 2020)	Face-covering requirementCourts and public officesWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-336	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 77 (June 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-336)	In force from June 9, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-022	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-022)	In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Sept. 1, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-339	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-339)	In force from Nov. 13, 2020 to Jan. 12, 2021	Gathering capCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-304	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Third Extension of Standing Order 20-12 (Dec. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-304)	In force from Dec. 17, 2020 to Mar. 12, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-289	Chief Judge G. Murray Snow, General Order 20-10 (court operations under COVID-19, March 2020) and its successors General Orders 20-11 through 20-30 (2020) and 21-11 (June 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-289)	In force from June 17, 2021 to June 17, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-287	United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, General Order No. 44 (entrance protocols; COVID-19) (Ex. FED-287)	Effective: 2020	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-098	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-006	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-202	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9993 (Mar. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-202)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 11, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-203	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9996 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-203)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Jan. 26, 2021 (issued Mar. 14, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-367	Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-7 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-367)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Apr. 1, 2021	Other

135 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Real Estate

Ex. SEC-14-050

SB 91, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act extension and State rental assistance (Stats. 2021, ch. 2)

COVID-19 relief: tenancy: federal rental assistance

California Legislature (SB 91), California (State)

Dates: In force from Jan. 29, 2021 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 62 (in force on the last day)

The bill would recast these provisions as the COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act and extend the February 1, 2025, [repeal date]... [protections for] financial obligation of a tenant that came due between March 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021... actions filed between March 4, 2020, and June 30, 2021

Enforcement: Code Civ. Proc. 1179.01 et seq.

Citation: California Legislature (SB 91), SB 91, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act extension and State rental assistance (Stats. 2021, ch. 2) (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-050) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-002

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 8020

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19

CDC, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Jan. 31, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021 (issued Jan. 29, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q1
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 60 (in force on the last day)

This Order is effective January 31, 2021 through March 31, 2021.... extends the Order with modifications through March 31, 2021. The conditions that originally necessitated the original Order continue to exist and, in many jurisdictions, have significantly worsened.

Enforcement: as in 85 Fed. Reg. 55292

Citation: CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 8020 (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-002) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-084

Mortgagee Letter 2021-06

Extension of Re-verification of Employment and Exterior-Only Appraisal Scope of Work Option for FHA Single Family Programs Impacted by COVID-19

HUD, FHA, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Feb. 23, 2021 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: AP; CL; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 37 (in force on the last day)

extend the re-verification of employment guidance in ML 2020-05 and extend the Exterior-Only Appraisal SOW option in ML 2020-37... effective immediately for cases closed on or before June 30, 2021

Enforcement: FHA program requirements

Citation: HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2021-06 (Feb. 23, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-084) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-087

Proclamation 20-19.6

Extending and Amending 20-05 and 20-19, et seq., COVID-19 Eviction Moratorium

Governor Jay Inslee, Washington (State)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2021 to June 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q12021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; LE; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 14 (in force on the last day)

[extending the eviction] related prohibitions statewide until 11:59 p.m. on June 30, 2021, as provided herein... effective immediately and until 11:59 p.m. on June 30, 2021, I hereby prohibit the following activities related to residential dwellings... [including rent increases; notices of unlawful detainer for nonpayment; treating unpaid rent as an enforceable debt without repayment plan offers]

Enforcement: RCW 43.06.220(5)

Citation: Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19.6 (Mar. 18, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-087) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (25 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-14-048	State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048)	In force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Stay-at-homeBusiness closure
Ex. SEC-14-016	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-069	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (issued Mar. 23, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-076	Governor John Carney, Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-076)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-056	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056)	In force from Apr. 23, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-061	Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061)	In force from May 14, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-044	New York State Legislature (S.8192-B), Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-044)	In force from June 30, 2020; end: covered period runs from Mar. 7, 2020 until the date on which none of the EO 202…	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-049	California Legislature (AB 3088; approved by the Governor), AB 3088, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Stats. 2020, ch. 37) (Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-049)	In force from Aug. 31, 2020 to Mar. 31, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-043	New York State Legislature (S.9114/A.11181), COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2020, L. 2020, ch. 381 (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-043)	In force from Dec. 28, 2020 to May 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-009	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-009)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-086	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-086)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-017	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 106 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-017)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 4, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-012	Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction), Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-012)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 31, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-055	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-055)	In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-010	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2020-05 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-010)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-031	Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.), Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-031)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-040	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-03-30-04 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-040)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-041	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7Q (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-041)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Feb. 15, 2022	Other
Ex. SEC-14-035	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.31.20.01 (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-035)	In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-039	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-039)	In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-019	New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), P.L. 2020, c. 26 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-019)	In force from Apr. 14, 2020 to July 22, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-053	Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-053)	In force from Apr. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-015	New York State Department of Health / NY Forward, Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2) (May 29, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-015)	In force from May 29, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. SEC-14-064	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 First Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4213 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-064)	In force from June 30, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020	Other
Ex. SEC-14-065	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 Third Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4401 (Dec. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-065)	In force from Dec. 23, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other

Second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-024

CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Mar. 29, 2021)

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 16731 (Mar. 31, 2021)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 (issued Mar. 29, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q2
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; SV; CT; CB tenants
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

[extends the] Moratoria until June 30, 2021... 2021 through June 30, 2021.

Enforcement: same as FED-022

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Mar. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-024) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-297

Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021)

In re: Plan for the Safe Resumption of Jury Trials and Court Operations (Amended May 26, 2021)

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from May 26, 2021 to Sept. 15, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Functions reached: CT jury trials resumed under a written plan with testing and vaccination conditions; in force July 1 - Sept. 15, 2021; HR federal courthouse workforce vaccination-or-testing condition (a Q3 2021 VAX instrument)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 36 (in force on the last day)

On February 17, 2021, General Order 21-0006 was entered by the Court to address [the resumption of jury trials]... It is, therefore, hereby ORDERED:... 2. Because the testing protocol will be fully effective only if all employees participate, it is also hereby ORDERED that all employees, contractors, and staff of all agencies and court units at the Dirksen and Roszkowski Courthouses participate in this program. Specifically, all employees who report to work at either of these Courthouses will be vaccinated, as defined by the CDC [or tested]...

Enforcement: court order to all court units and agencies in the courthouses

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021) (Ex. FED-297) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-271

OMB Memorandum M-21-25

Integrating Planning for A Safe Increased Return of Federal Employees and Contractors to Physical Workplaces with Post-Reentry Personnel Policies and Work Environment

Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration, United States (executive branch) (Federal)

Dates: In force from June 10, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Telework mandateFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Functions reached: OF federal reentry planned, not executed, in 2021 Q3 (plans due July 19; 30-day notice; the July 27 Delta-wave mask reinstatement followed); CS federal offices remained largely remote through Sept. 30, 2021; PJ contractor reentry
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 21 (in force on the last day)

This memorandum rescinds OMB Memorandum M-20-23, Aligning Federal Agency Operations with the National Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (April 20, 2020)... B. Occupancy in Federal workplaces. The occupancy requirements set forth in M-21-15 are no longer in effect, although other aspects of M-21-15 remain in effect pursuant to current Safer Federal Workforce Task Force guidance... Agencies may establish occupancy limits for... the number of employees or contractors in the physical workplace...

Enforcement: OMB/OPM/GSA directive; Task Force guidance

Citation: Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration, OMB Memorandum M-21-25 (June 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-271) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-301

Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022

In re: Criminal Case Procedures During COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Fifth Amended)

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from June 21, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT criminal proceedings by video through all of 2021 Q3
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 10 (in force on the last day)

[the authorization of video and] teleconferencing in criminal cases will remain in effect until October 4, 2021, unless terminated earlier. If emergency conditions continue to exist on October 4, 2021, [the Court will consider a further extension]... Date: June 21, 2021

Enforcement: court order under CARES Act § 15002

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-301) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-194

Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency

Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 22024 (Apr. 21, 2020)

HHS Office for Civil Rights, United States (HIPAA covered health care providers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Health care ordersOther
Functions reached: TM telehealth (physician practices, behavioral health, dental consultations ('dental consultation or psychological evaluation' named in the notice)); CL clinical intake moved remote; OF
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

As a matter of enforcement discretion, the HHS Office for Civil Rights (OCR) will not impose penalties for noncompliance with the regulatory requirements under the HIPAA rules against covered health care providers in connection with the good faith provision of telehealth during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency.... A covered health care provider that wants to use audio or video communication technology to provide telehealth to patients during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency can use any non-public facing remote communication product that is available to communicate with patients.... This exercise of discretion applies to telehealth provided for any reason, regardless of whether the telehealth service is related to the diagnosis and treatment of health conditions related to COVID-19.

Enforcement: Non-enforcement of HIPAA penalties for good-faith telehealth

Citation: HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-070

Executive Order 13909

Prioritizing and Allocating Health and Medical Resources to Respond to the Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 16227 (Mar. 23, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump, United States (all health and medical resources needed to respond to COVID-19) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Supply chain
Functions reached: SC supply of PPE, respirators, ventilators and testing supplies to every industry (dental, physician practices, hospitals, home care, manufacturing, construction, personal services); DS distribution of medical products (wholesale-distribution); PF production floors of medical manufacturers under rated orders
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

Accordingly, I find that health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID-19, including personal protective equipment and ventilators, meet the criteria specified in section 101(b) of the Act (50 U.S.C. 4511(b)).... Sec. 2. Priorities and Allocation of Medical Resources. (a)... the authority of the President conferred by section 101 of the Act to require performance of contracts or orders (other than contracts of employment) to promote the national defense over performance of any other contracts or orders, to allocate materials, services, and facilities as deemed necessary or appropriate to promote the national defense... is delegated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services with respect to all health and medical resources needed to respond to the spread of COVID-19 within the United States. (b) The Secretary of Health and Human Services may use the authority…

Enforcement: DPA § 101 priority ratings and allocation orders; DPA § 103 (50 U.S.C. § 4513) criminal penalties for willful violation

Citation: President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-034

CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order')

Notice of Order Under Sections 362 and 365 of the Public Health Service Act Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists, 85 Fed. Reg. 17060 (Mar. 26, 2020)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), United States land borders with Canada and Mexico (ports of entry and Border Patrol stations) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Travel and quarantine
Functions reached: TR/TRAV cross-border movement of persons at the land borders (with the DHS land-border notices, FED-B); WF border-region labor markets; CB border-community commerce
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

For simplicity, I shall refer to the persons covered by this order as 'covered aliens.' I suspend the introduction of all covered aliens into the United States for a period of 30 days, starting from the date of this order. I may extend this order if necessary to protect the public health.

Enforcement: 42 U.S.C. § 271; implemented by DHS/CBP expulsions

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (33 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-334	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	In force from May 21, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-333	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	In force from Sept. 16, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-305	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-02 (Mar. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-305)	In force from Mar. 17, 2021 to June 1, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-099	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023	Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-340	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-295	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295)	In force from Mar. 29, 2020 to May 10, 2023	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-335	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 75 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-335)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-268	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-268)	In force from Apr. 20, 2020 to June 10, 2021	Telework mandateWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-302	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302)	In force from May 22, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-285	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285)	In force from June 1, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-325	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4 (Ex. FED-325)	In force from June 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued May 27, 2020)	Face-covering requirementCourts and public officesWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-336	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 77 (June 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-336)	In force from June 9, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-022	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-022)	In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Sept. 1, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-270	Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Jan. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-270)	In force from Jan. 24, 2021 to June 10, 2021	Telework mandateCapacity limitFace-covering requirementTravel and quarantineWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-296	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Feb. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-296)	In force from Feb. 12, 2021 to Apr. 5, 2021	Gathering capCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-306	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-04 (Mar. 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-306)	In force from Mar. 11, 2021 to June 1, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-289	Chief Judge G. Murray Snow, General Order 20-10 (court operations under COVID-19, March 2020) and its successors General Orders 20-11 through 20-30 (2020) and 21-11 (June 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-289)	In force from June 17, 2021 to June 17, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-287	United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, General Order No. 44 (entrance protocols; COVID-19) (Ex. FED-287)	Effective: 2020	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-008	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008)	In force from Jan. 20, 2020 to Aug. 17, 2021 (issued Feb. 2, 2021)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-098	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-006	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration

125 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Real Estate

Ex. SEC-14-051

AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27)

COVID-19 relief: tenancy: federal rental assistance

California Legislature (AB 832), California (State)

Dates: In force from June 28, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 3 (in force on the last day)

[extends the COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act protections for] rental debt... to September 30, 2021, and would repeal only the general prohibition on October 1, 2021... actions filed between March 4, 2020, and September 30, 2021... This bill would enact the COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act

Enforcement: Code Civ. Proc. 1179.01 et seq., 1179.09 et seq.

Citation: California Legislature (AB 832), AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27) (June 28, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-051) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-003

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 16731

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19

CDC, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 (issued Mar. 29, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q2
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 91 (the whole quarter)

This Order is effective April 1, 2021 through June 30, 2021.... The Order is extended through June 30, 2021

Enforcement: as in 85 Fed. Reg. 55292

Citation: CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 16731 (Mar. 29, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-003) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-066

Enrolled Senate Bill 278

Relating to rental assistance; declaring an emergency

Oregon Legislative Assembly (2021 Regular Session), Oregon (State)

Dates: In force from June 24, 2021 to Feb. 28, 2022
Quarters: 2021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 7 (in force on the last day)

(2)(a) If a tenant provides the landlord with documentation that the tenant has applied for rental assistance, a landlord may not: (A) Deliver a termination notice for nonpayment; or (B) Initiate or continue an action for possession based on a termination notice for nonpayment... [for 60 days after the documentation]

Enforcement: ORS ch. 90

Citation: Oregon Legislative Assembly (2021 Regular Session), Enrolled Senate Bill 278 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-066) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (26 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-14-048	State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048)	In force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Stay-at-homeBusiness closure
Ex. SEC-14-016	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-069	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021 (issued Mar. 23, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-076	Governor John Carney, Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-076)	In force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-056	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056)	In force from Apr. 23, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-061	Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061)	In force from May 14, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-044	New York State Legislature (S.8192-B), Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-044)	In force from June 30, 2020; end: covered period runs from Mar. 7, 2020 until the date on which none of the EO 202…	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-043	New York State Legislature (S.9114/A.11181), COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2020, L. 2020, ch. 381 (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-043)	In force from Dec. 28, 2020 to May 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-050	California Legislature (SB 91), SB 91, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act extension and State rental assistance (Stats. 2021, ch. 2) (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-050)	In force from Jan. 29, 2021 to June 30, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-009	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-009)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-086	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-086)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-017	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 106 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-017)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 4, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-012	Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction), Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-012)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 31, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-055	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-055)	In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-010	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2020-05 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-010)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-031	Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.), Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-031)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-040	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-03-30-04 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-040)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-041	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7Q (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-041)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Feb. 15, 2022	Other
Ex. SEC-14-035	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.31.20.01 (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-035)	In force from Mar. 31, 2020 to July 1, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-039	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-039)	In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-019	New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), P.L. 2020, c. 26 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-019)	In force from Apr. 14, 2020 to July 22, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-053	Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-053)	In force from Apr. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-015	New York State Department of Health / NY Forward, Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2) (May 29, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-015)	In force from May 29, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Capacity limitFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. SEC-14-065	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 Third Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4401 (Dec. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-065)	In force from Dec. 23, 2020 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-084	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2021-06 (Feb. 23, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-084)	In force from Feb. 23, 2021 to June 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-087	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19.6 (Mar. 18, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-087)	In force from Mar. 18, 2021 to June 30, 2021	Other

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Federal layer

Ex. FED-025

CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021)

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 34010 (June 28, 2021)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 (issued June 24, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; SV; CT; CB tenants
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31 (in force on the first day)

[extended] until July 31, 2021, for the reasons [stated]... Any evictions for nonpayment of rent [of covered persons remain halted].

Enforcement: same as FED-022

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-025) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-313

Amended Standing Order 2021-07

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19 (Amended; Phase Three relaxations effective July 1, 2021)

Chief Judge James K. Bredar, United States District Court for the District of Maryland (Court)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued June 23, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public offices
Functions reached: CT courthouse entry restrictions and spectator limits continuing from July 1, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

On May 26, 2021, the Court modified Phase Three of its Recovery Plan to relax some of [its restrictions]... [the State of Maryland ended its state of] emergency, effective July 1, 2021. Moreover, local jurisdictions have eliminated indoor mask mandates or will do so by July 1, 2021.... [the Court finds that] vaccination rates, and other relevant criteria warrant additional relaxation of pandemic mitigative restrictions to reflect these improving factors, effective July 1, 2021. It is ORDERED that the following persons shall not enter any U.S. Courthouse or U.S. [Probation Office: persons with COVID-19 symptoms, diagnosis or exposure]... Spectators will not be permitted into the courtroom during individual voir dire examination of prospective jurors and other in camera proceedings.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Amended Standing Order 2021-07 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-313) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-337

General Order 78

In re: Update to Court Operations in Light of California's Reopening

Chief Judge Richard Seeborg, United States District Court for the Northern District of California (Court)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2021 to Oct. 15, 2021 (issued June 23, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesWorkplace rules
Functions reached: CT the N.D. Cal. Q3 2021 instrument: general-access restrictions abrogated July 1, 2021, but safety protocols, remote criminal proceedings and suspended paper requirements continued
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

WHEREAS, effective June 15, 2021, the State of California reopened its economy with limited [restrictions]... General Order No. 73 (Continuing Temporary Restrictions on Courthouse Access due to COVID-19 [and the General Order 72 series]) are abrogated, effective July 1, 2021. The Court additionally ORDERS as follows, effective July 1, 2021: Courthouse Access: 1. All courthouse visitors must follow any safety protocols announced on the Court's website... [initial appearances and detention hearings to proceed by] telephone or by videoconference until further order of the Court. New arrestees shall be booked [remotely]... 3. Other court appearances may be waived or postponed, or may be conducted by telephone or [videoconference]... [courtesy-copy requirements] remain suspended until further notice.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Richard Seeborg, General Order 78 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-337) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-299

Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses

In re: Coronavirus COVID-19 Public Emergency - Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses (Third Amended, July 30, 2021)

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from July 30, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT; CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 63 (in force on the last day)

In response to revised CDC guidance, the court hereby amends its order regarding face coverings as follows. Mask Requirements: When required, as set forth in this order, a face covering or mask must always completely [cover the nose and mouth]... A visitor who seeks entry into the courthouse without a mask will be offered a free disposable mask at the security [screening station].

Enforcement: court order; court security officers

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-299) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-026

CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19 To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 43244 (Aug. 6, 2021)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, United States (every county or territory experiencing substantial or high community transmission) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Aug. 3, 2021 to Oct. 3, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; SV; CT; CB tenants
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 59 (in force on the last day)

a landlord, owner of a residential property, or other person with a legal right to pursue eviction or possessory action, shall not evict any covered person from any residential property in any county or U.S. territory while the county or territory is experiencing substantial or high levels of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.... This Order will expire on October 3, 2021, but is subject to further extension, modification, or rescission based on public health circumstances.

Enforcement: same as FED-022

Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19 (Aug. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-026) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-344

Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg. 34848 (June 30, 2021)

Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under RESPA, Regulation X

Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, United States (mortgage servicers) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Aug. 31, 2021 to Dec. 31, 2021 (issued June 25, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: SV foreclosure referrals barred absent the procedural safeguards from Aug. 31 through Dec. 31, 2021 (a Q3 2021 instrument); ML
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31 (in force on the last day)

SUMMARY: The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (Bureau) is issuing this final rule to amend Regulation X to assist mortgage borrowers affected by the COVID-19 emergency. The final rule establishes temporary procedural safeguards to help ensure that borrowers have a meaningful opportunity to be reviewed for loss mitigation before the servicer can make the first notice or filing required for foreclosure on certain mortgages. In addition, the final rule would temporarily permit mortgage servicers to offer certain loan modifications made available to borrowers experiencing a COVID-19-related hardship based on the evaluation of an incomplete application.... DATES: This final rule is effective on August 31, 2021.

Enforcement: Regulation X; CFPB supervision and enforcement; private right of action under RESPA § 6(f)

Citation: Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg. 34848 (June 30, 2021) (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-344) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-307

Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04

In re: Court Operations Under the Exigent Circumstances Created by COVID-19 (Updated Amended, Sept. 3, 2021)

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Sept. 3, 2021 to Dec. 29, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Capacity limitFace-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Functions reached: CT jury selections capped at one per vicinage; masks for all entrants regardless of vaccination status; temperature screening (Sept. 2021); CS
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 28 (in force on the last day)

[WHEREAS the Delta] and other variants, and on July 27, 2021, the CDC recommended that all persons, including those fully vaccinated against COVID-19, wear a mask in public indoor settings, in areas of [substantial or high transmission]... [the Court has required] full vaccination of its employees, while continuing its protocols of temperature screening and hand sanitizing by all entrants to the District's courthouses, and mask wearing in all public areas of Court facilities by entrants and occupants thereof, regardless of vaccination status;... 1. No more than one jury selection, either civil or criminal, shall occur in each vicinage of this Court at one time... 2. Multiple, simultaneous jury trials may be conducted in each of this Court's vicinages, but the number of simultaneous criminal jury trials involving detainees in each [vicinage is limited]... DATED: September 3, 2021

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04 (Sept. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-307) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-308

Standing Order 21-08

In re: COVID-19 Vaccination and Testing Requirements of Visitors to Court Facilities and of Federal Detainees in the District of New Jersey

Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, United States District Court for the District of New Jersey (Court)

Dates: In force from Sept. 13, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesVaccination or testing
Functions reached: CT courthouse entry conditioned on vaccination proof or testing from Sept. 13, 2021; CS attorneys, witnesses, vendors
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 18 (in force on the last day)

The CDC's guidance, on July 27, 2021, advising all persons, including those fully vaccinated, to wear a mask in public indoor settings, in areas of substantial or high [transmission];... President Biden's announcement, on August 6, 2021, of testing and other requirements of Executive Branch employees and onsite federal contractors who are not fully vaccinated;... The mandate, on August 23, 2021, by New Jersey Governor, Phil Murphy, that all state [employees and workers in certain settings] be fully vaccinated by October 18, 2021, or submit to regular COVID-19 testing;... President Biden's Executive Order of September 9, 2021, removing the testing option [for federal employees]... [ORDERED that visitors to court facilities provide proof of full vaccination or a negative COVID-19 test]...

Enforcement: court order; court security officers

Citation: Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-08 (Sept. 13, 2021) (Ex. FED-308) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-298

Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021)

In re: Amended Plan for the Safe Resumption of Jury Trials and Court Operations

Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Court)

Dates: In force from Sept. 20, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Sept. 15, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Face-covering requirementCourts and public officesVaccination or testing
Functions reached: CT; HR
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 11 (in force on the last day)

Due to the continued significant health risks generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Court has been required to restrict certain aspects of its operations, such as jury trials.... This Amended General Order supersedes the February 17, 2021 General Order in its entirety. It is, therefore, hereby ORDERED that effective Monday, September 20, 2021:... 4. Any individual whose participation in the courtroom during a jury trial will exceed two [hours must be vaccinated or tested]... 8. This Order does not supersede the requirement to wear a face mask within the Courthouse.

Enforcement: court order

Citation: Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-298) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-132

FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic)

New York; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20702 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (New York) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [New York] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [New York].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-104

FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic)

California; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20703 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (California) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [California] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [California].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104) Open the exhibit

Ex. FED-147

FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic)

Washington; Major Disaster and Related Determinations, 85 Fed. Reg. 20704 (Apr. 14, 2020)

President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), United States (Washington) (Federal)

Dates: In force from Mar. 22, 2020 to May 11, 2023
Quarters: 2020 Q22020 Q32020 Q42021 Q12021 Q22021 Q3
Limitations: Emergency declaration
Functions reached: predicate for the State layer (funds the emergency protective measures State and local orders required)
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

I have determined that the emergency conditions in [Washington] resulting from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic beginning on January 20, 2020, and continuing, are of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant a major disaster declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. (the 'Stafford Act'). Therefore, I declare that such a major disaster exists in [Washington].... You are authorized to provide assistance for emergency protective measures (Category B), including direct Federal assistance, under the Public Assistance program [statewide]. (Standard text of the COVID-19 major disaster letters as published by FEMA; the State name and any Individual Assistance or Hazard Mitigation authorizations vary; quote from the exhibit.)

Enforcement: Predicate and funding instrument; Public Assistance Category B at 75 percent, raised to 100 percent federal share for work from January 20, 2020 (FED-007 to FED-009, FED-151)

Citation: President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (28 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. FED-290	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	In force from Mar. 12, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Business closureCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-311	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	In force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-292	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to July 19, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-099	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	In force from Mar. 23, 2020 to May 1, 2023	Health care ordersCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-340	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)	In force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-295	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295)	In force from Mar. 29, 2020 to May 10, 2023	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-302	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302)	In force from May 22, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-285	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285)	In force from June 1, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2021	Face-covering requirementCourts and public offices
Ex. FED-325	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4 (Ex. FED-325)	In force from June 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued May 27, 2020)	Face-covering requirementCourts and public officesWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-022	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-022)	In force from Sept. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued Sept. 1, 2020)	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. FED-297	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021) (Ex. FED-297)	In force from May 26, 2021 to Sept. 15, 2021	Courts and public officesWorkplace rulesVaccination or testing
Ex. FED-271	Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration, OMB Memorandum M-21-25 (June 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-271)	In force from June 10, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021	Telework mandateFace-covering requirementWorkplace rules
Ex. FED-301	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-301)	In force from June 21, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public offices
Ex. FED-008	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008)	In force from Jan. 20, 2020 to Aug. 17, 2021 (issued Feb. 2, 2021)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-010	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	In force from Jan. 27, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-200	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	In force from Feb. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Jan. 31, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-180	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Oct. 1, 2024 (issued Mar. 10, 2020)	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-181	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	In force from Feb. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationHealth care orders
Ex. FED-001	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-160	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	In force from Mar. 1, 2020 to May 11, 2023 (issued Mar. 13, 2020)	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-182	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Emergency declarationSupply chain
Ex. FED-201	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	In force from Mar. 2, 2020 to Nov. 8, 2021 (issued Feb. 29, 2020)	Travel and quarantine
Ex. FED-096	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	In force from Mar. 4, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-098	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	In force from Mar. 10, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Health care orders
Ex. FED-006	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	In force from Mar. 13, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Emergency declaration
Ex. FED-194	HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)	In force from Mar. 17, 2020 to May 11, 2023	Health care ordersOther
Ex. FED-070	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Supply chain
Ex. FED-034	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034)	In force from Mar. 20, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Travel and quarantine

127 further federal instruments were in force in this quarter and are listed in the Library's federal layer at covidproject.com/federal; this report shows the 40 most relevant to this selection.

Regulators of Real Estate

Ex. SEC-14-045

L. 2021, ch. 417 (extension of the COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act and the COVID-19 Emergency Protect Our Small Businesses Act)

An Act to amend... chapter 381 of the laws of 2020... in relation to extending the effectiveness thereof

New York State Legislature (S.50001, Extraordinary Session), New York (State)

Dates: In force from Sept. 2, 2021 to Jan. 15, 2022
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Courts and public officesOther
Functions reached: PM; CM; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 29 (in force on the last day)

[extends the hardship-declaration stays for residential and commercial tenants and small-landlord foreclosures] to January 15, 2022; adds a procedure for landlords to challenge a hardship declaration in good faith

Enforcement: courts

Citation: New York State Legislature (S.50001, Extraordinary Session), L. 2021, ch. 417 (extension of the COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act and the COVID-19 Emergency Protect Our Small Businesses Act) (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-045) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-004

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 34010

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19

CDC, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 (issued June 24, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31 (in force on the first day)

This Order is effective July 1, 2021, through July 31, 2021.... The Order is extended through July 31, 2021... intended to be a final 30 day-period

Enforcement: as in 85 Fed. Reg. 55292

Citation: CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 34010 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-004) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-011

Mortgagee Letter 2021-15

Extension of the Foreclosure and Eviction Moratorium in Connection with the Presidentially-Declared COVID-19 National Emergency

HUD, FHA, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 (issued June 25, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM: evictions from FHA-insured properties halted to Sept. 30, 2021; CL REO; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31 (in force on the first day)

extension to the foreclosure and eviction moratorium originally issued in ML 2020-04... HUD initially imposed a moratorium beginning on March 18, 2020... extended the moratorium six times... HUD is issuing an additional extension to the moratorium for all FHA-insured Single Family mortgages, excluding vacant and abandoned properties

Enforcement: FHA program requirements

Citation: HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2021-15 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-011) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-013

FHFA news release, June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums

FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums

Federal Housing Finance Agency, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2021 to July 31, 2021 (issued June 24, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CL REO closings; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 31 (in force on the first day)

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the Enterprises) will extend their moratoriums on single-family foreclosures and real estate owned (REO) evictions until July 31, 2021. The foreclosure moratorium applies to Enterprise-backed, single-family mortgages only. The REO eviction moratorium applies to properties that have been acquired by an Enterprise through foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure transactions. [REO eviction moratorium extended to September 30, 2021 in the same release]

Enforcement: Servicing Guide requirements

Citation: Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release, June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (Ex. SEC-14-013) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-088

Proclamation 21-09

Tenancy Preservation - A Bridge to E2SSB 5160

Governor Jay Inslee, Washington (State)

Dates: In force from July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021 (issued June 24, 2021)
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; LE; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 92 (the whole quarter)

[Proclamations 20-05 and 20-19 et seq. are amended to] temporarily impose certain prohibitions and shall continue to preserve residential tenancy until 11:59 p.m. on September 30, 2021, as provided herein... from July 1, 2021, until 11:59 p.m. on September 30, 2021, I hereby prohibit [landlords from serving or enforcing an unlawful detainer] complaint, notice of termination of rental, or notice to comply or vacate until both (1) a [rental assistance program and (2) an eviction resolution pilot program are operational in the county]... It is the intent of this order to bridge the operational gap between the eviction moratorium [and E2SSB 5160]

Enforcement: RCW 43.06.220(5)

Citation: Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 21-09 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-088) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-005

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Levels of Community Transmission of COVID-19 To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 43244

Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission

CDC, HHS, United States (Federal)

Dates: In force from Aug. 3, 2021 to Oct. 3, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 59 (in force on the last day)

This Order is effective August 3, 2021 through October 3, 2021.... a landlord, owner of a residential property, or other person with a legal right to pursue eviction or possessory action, shall not evict any covered person from any residential property in any county or U.S. territory while the county or territory is experiencing substantial or high levels of community transmission

Enforcement: as in 85 Fed. Reg. 55292

Citation: CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Levels of Community Transmission of COVID-19 To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 43244 (Aug. 3, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-005) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-018

Executive Order No. 249

Modifying and phasing out the eviction moratorium of EO 106

Governor Philip D. Murphy, New Jersey (State)

Dates: In force from Aug. 4, 2021 to Aug. 31, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; CB; LE
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 28

the moratorium on removals... established by Executive Order No. 106 (2020) shall expire on August 31, 2021, for any [household with income above 80 percent of area median income]... shall expire on December 31, 2021, for any [household at or below 80 percent]... [relating to] rent that came due beginning March 1, 2020 and ending August 31, 2021... beginning September 1, 2021 and ending December 31, 2021

Enforcement: as in EO 106

Citation: Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 249 (Aug. 4, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-018) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-006

Alabama Association of Realtors v. Department of Health and Human Services, No. 21A23, 594 U.S. ___ (per curiam)

On application to vacate stay

Supreme Court of the United States, United States (Court)

Dates: In force from Aug. 26, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM: ends the CDC layer on Aug. 26, 2021
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 36 (in force on the last day)

The application to vacate stay presented to THE CHIEF JUSTICE and by him referred to the Court is granted.... It is indisputable that the public has a strong interest in combating the spread of the COVID-19 Delta variant. But our system does not permit agencies to act unlawfully even in pursuit of desirable ends.

Enforcement: n/a

Citation: Supreme Court of the United States, Alabama Association of Realtors v. Department of Health and Human Services, No. 21A23, 594 U.S. ___ (per curiam) (Aug. 26, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-006) Open the exhibit

Ex. SEC-14-089

Proclamation 21-09.1

Amending Proclamations 20-05 and 21-09, Tenancy Preservation - A Bridge to E2SSB 5160

Governor Jay Inslee, Washington (State)

Dates: In force from Sept. 24, 2021 to Oct. 31, 2021
Quarters: 2021 Q3
Limitations: Other
Functions reached: PM; LE; CB
Grade: Primary source read
Days in this quarter: 7 (in force on the last day)

[Proclamations 20-05, 20-19 et] seq. and 21-09, are hereby amended to temporarily impose certain prohibitions and shall continue to preserve residential tenancy until 11:59 p.m. on October 31, 2021, as provided herein... through 11:59 p.m. on October 31, 2021, I hereby prohibit [the same activities]... FUTURE RENT OWED (August 1, 2021 through October 31, 2021)

Enforcement: RCW 43.06.220(5)

Citation: Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 21-09.1 (Sept. 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-089) Open the exhibit

Continuing in force from an earlier quarter of this report (12 instruments):

Exhibit	Citation	Dates	Limitations
Ex. SEC-14-056	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056)	In force from Apr. 23, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-061	Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061)	In force from May 14, 2020 to June 15, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-051	California Legislature (AB 832), AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27) (June 28, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-051)	In force from June 28, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021	Courts and public officesOther
Ex. SEC-14-009	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-009)	In force from Mar. 18, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-017	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 106 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-017)	In force from Mar. 19, 2020 to Aug. 4, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-055	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-055)	In force from Mar. 26, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-040	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-03-30-04 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-040)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-041	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7Q (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-041)	In force from Mar. 30, 2020 to Feb. 15, 2022	Other
Ex. SEC-14-039	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-039)	In force from Apr. 3, 2020 to Aug. 15, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-019	New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), P.L. 2020, c. 26 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-019)	In force from Apr. 14, 2020 to July 22, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-053	Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-053)	In force from Apr. 27, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2021	Other
Ex. SEC-14-066	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2021 Regular Session), Enrolled Senate Bill 278 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-066)	In force from June 24, 2021 to Feb. 28, 2022	Other

Third quarter of 2021: the instruments in force, Real Estate (nationally)

In force during the third quarter of 2021 (an order in force on any day of the quarter is an order in force during it):

SEC-14-004 (CDC order, July 1-31, 2021)
SEC-14-005 (CDC order for counties with substantial or high transmission, Aug. 3-26, 2021)
SEC-14-011 (HUD ML 2021-15: FHA eviction moratorium to Sept. 30, 2021; foreclosure to July 31)
SEC-14-013 (FHFA: REO eviction moratorium to Sept. 30, 2021; foreclosure to July 31)
SEC-14-018 (NJ EO 106 as modified by EO 249, Aug. 4, 2021)
SEC-14-017 (NJ EO 106, in force through Aug. 31 / Dec. 31, 2021)
SEC-14-045 (NY ch. 417 of 2021, Sept. 2, 2021 to Jan. 15, 2022) and NY ch. 104 of 2021 (May 4, 2021, to Aug. 31, 2021; cite by name)
SEC-14-051 (CA AB 832 to Sept. 30, 2021)
SEC-14-088 (WA Proclamation 21-09, July 1-Sept. 30, 2021)
SEC-14-089 (WA Proclamation 21-09.1, to Oct. 31, 2021)
SEC-14-066 (OR SB 278, 60-day safe harbor from June 24, 2021)
SEC-14-055 (IL EO 2020-14 remote notarization, re-issued with each 30-day disaster proclamation through 2021)
IL eviction moratorium EOs (EO 2021-19 through 2021-23; ended Oct. 3, 2021; cite by name)
MN Laws 2021, 1st Spec. Sess., ch. 8, art. 5 (June 29, 2021; eviction phase-out to June 1, 2022; cite by name)
NM Supreme Court Order No. 20-8500-008 and successors (stay of writs of restitution for inability to pay; cite by name)
DC eviction moratorium (COVID-19 Response Emergency Amendment Act and successors; phased from Oct. 12, 2021; cite by name)
NV AB 486 (2021) eviction mediation stays (cite by name)
MA ch. 20 of 2021 (virtual notarization to Dec. 15, 2021; cite by name)
NC S.L. 2021-3 (emergency video notarization to Dec. 31, 2021; cite by name)
CFPB Reg. X amendments, 86 Fed. Reg. 34848 (June 30, 2021), effective Aug. 31, 2021 (FED-B exhibit)
Local Delta-wave mask and vaccination-proof orders reaching offices, showings and closings (State and metro exhibits: LA County July 17; Bay Area Aug. 3; NV July 30; LA Aug. 4; OR Aug. 13; WA Aug. 23; IL Aug. 30; NYC Key to NYC Aug. 17; Chicago Aug. 20; New Orleans Aug. 16)
SEC-14-006 (Supreme Court vacatur, Aug. 26, 2021: the order that ended the CDC layer, itself a judicial act in the quarter)

6. The industry's regime in the States

No State was selected. The industry's State-by-State regime table is on the industry page at covidproject.com/industries/real-estate.

7. Group meetings, trade shows and seasons the industry lost

The organizers' own notices of the trade shows, conventions, seasons and tournaments this industry lost in the quarters selected, with the reason each organizer gave. A cancelled meeting is a limitation on group meetings in the statute's words, and it reached the industry's customer base and its sales calendar.

Date	Organizer	Event	What the notice said	Exhibit
Mar. 13, 2020	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)	ICSC RECon (and ICSC's December deal-making event)	over rapidly escalating concerns about COVID-19 (coronavirus) (Mar. 13, 2020); due to concerns about COVID-19 (Apr. 23, 2020)	Ex. SEC-14-GM-006
Mar. 18, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	REALTORS Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo	Due to recent restrictions and recommendations implemented by the federal and Washington, D.C. governments, the National Association of Realtors announced Wednesday that it will deliver previously-planned programming and committee meetings virtually. With the Centers for Disease Control issuing guidance limiting…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-008
Mar. 19, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	REALTORS Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo	Due to recent restrictions and recommendations implemented by the federal and Washington, D.C. governments, the National Association of Realtors announced Wednesday that it will deliver previously-planned programming and committee meetings virtually. With the Centers for Disease Control issuing guidance limiting…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-001
Apr. 9, 2020	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors	Real estate licensing examinations (Pearson VUE and PSI test centers)	Due to increasing concern for the health and safety of our candidates and our employees and in response to government guidance and difficulty procuring the critical hygienic products that keep our test centers safe, we have temporarily closed our U.S.-based Pearson VUE-owned and operated Pearson Professional Centers…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-023
Apr. 23, 2020	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)	ICSC RECon (and ICSC's December deal-making event)	over rapidly escalating concerns about COVID-19 (coronavirus) (Mar. 13, 2020); due to concerns about COVID-19 (Apr. 23, 2020)	Ex. SEC-14-GM-007
Apr. 27, 2020	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors	Real estate licensing examinations (Pearson VUE and PSI test centers)	Due to increasing concern for the health and safety of our candidates and our employees and in response to government guidance and difficulty procuring the critical hygienic products that keep our test centers safe, we have temporarily closed our U.S.-based Pearson VUE-owned and operated Pearson Professional Centers…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-009
May 11, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	NAR Leadership Summit	In order to prioritize the health and safety of our members, staff and sponsors (NAR, June 24, 2020, as reported)	Ex. SEC-14-GM-014
May 12, 2020	National Apartment Association (NAA)	Apartmentalize (annual conference and NAA Exposition)	Our main goal is to ensure a safe experience for all event attendees (May 2020). With the ongoing circumstances related to COVID-19, NAA has made a difficult decision to cancel the in-person Apartmentalize event in Dallas and move to an entirely digital conference. While our preference would have been to convene in…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-011
May 12, 2020	Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) International	BOMA International Conference & Expo	Update: The June 27-30 event has been cancelled due to ongoing concerns about COVID-19. While the Philadelphia event is cancelled, our relationships, conversations, learning and connecting are not!	Ex. SEC-14-GM-018
May 18, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	REALTORS Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo	Due to recent restrictions and recommendations implemented by the federal and Washington, D.C. governments, the National Association of Realtors announced Wednesday that it will deliver previously-planned programming and committee meetings virtually. With the Centers for Disease Control issuing guidance limiting…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-002
May 29, 2020	State real estate commissions; education providers	Pre-licensing and continuing-education classroom courses; license renewals; inspector ride-along courses	Due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, TREC, based on approval by Governor Greg Abbott, is waiving all renewal and application deadlines until July 31, 2020; classroom courses that have since been canceled; In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, TREC understands that some inspector applicants may find it…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-019
June 3, 2020	Inman	Inman Connect (Inman Connect Las Vegas; Inman Connect Now)	HousingWire, 'Real estate CEOs talk about digitizing the industry' (June 3, 2020): 'the second day of Inman Connect Now'; 'Inman's first all-digital conference'	Ex. SEC-14-GM-016
June 24, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	REALTORS Conference & Expo	While positive indicators begin to show our economy is rebounding and treatment options for COVID-19 are proving more effective, so much remains unknown about this virus and the circumstances we will face as a nation come this fall. In order to prioritize the health and safety of our members, staff and sponsors, NAR…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-003
June 24, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	REALTORS Conference & Expo	While positive indicators begin to show our economy is rebounding and treatment options for COVID-19 are proving more effective, so much remains unknown about this virus and the circumstances we will face as a nation come this fall. In order to prioritize the health and safety of our members, staff and sponsors, NAR…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-004
June 28, 2020	Appraisal Institute	Appraisal Institute Annual Conference (with the Joint Region Meeting and Board meeting)	Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the Appraisal Institute has taken the unfortunate but necessary step of canceling its 2020 Annual Conference, which had been scheduled for Orlando, Florida, in August	Ex. SEC-14-GM-022
July 21, 2020	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors	Real estate licensing examinations (Pearson VUE and PSI test centers)	Due to increasing concern for the health and safety of our candidates and our employees and in response to government guidance and difficulty procuring the critical hygienic products that keep our test centers safe, we have temporarily closed our U.S.-based Pearson VUE-owned and operated Pearson Professional Centers…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-010
Aug. 6, 2020	American Land Title Association (ALTA)	ALTA ONE	Virtual ALTA ONE Registration is NOW OPEN!... WHEN October 6-8, 2020 WHERE From Couches to Conference Rooms (no reason stated on the page)	Ex. SEC-14-GM-020
Sept. 8, 2020	National Apartment Association (NAA)	Apartmentalize (annual conference and NAA Exposition)	Our main goal is to ensure a safe experience for all event attendees (May 2020). With the ongoing circumstances related to COVID-19, NAA has made a difficult decision to cancel the in-person Apartmentalize event in Dallas and move to an entirely digital conference. While our preference would have been to convene in…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-017
Sept. 10, 2020	franchisors	Franchisor national conventions: JPAR UNCONVENTIONAL (verified exemplar); Keller Williams Family Reunion and Mega Camp, RE/MAX R4, Coldwell Banker Gen Blue, Century 21 One21, eXp EXPCON, Berkshire Hathaway HomeServices Sales Convention (not verified)	RISMedia, 'JPAR Goes Unconventional in Convention for Agents Nationwide' (Sept. 10, 2020): two-day virtual franchisor convention	Ex. SEC-14-GM-013
Dec. 2, 2020	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)	ICSC RECon (and ICSC's December deal-making event)	over rapidly escalating concerns about COVID-19 (coronavirus) (Mar. 13, 2020); due to concerns about COVID-19 (Apr. 23, 2020)	Ex. SEC-14-GM-015
Jan. 18, 2021	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	REALTORS Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo	Due to recent restrictions and recommendations implemented by the federal and Washington, D.C. governments, the National Association of Realtors announced Wednesday that it will deliver previously-planned programming and committee meetings virtually. With the Centers for Disease Control issuing guidance limiting…	Ex. SEC-14-GM-005
Feb. 3, 2021	Virginia REALTORS	Virginia REALTORS Convention (centennial)	Rather than cancel the event altogether, we decided to host it virtually	Ex. SEC-14-GM-012
Sept. 22, 2021	American Land Title Association (ALTA)	ALTA ONE	Virtual ALTA ONE Registration is NOW OPEN!... WHEN October 6-8, 2020 WHERE From Couches to Conference Rooms (no reason stated on the page)	Ex. SEC-14-GM-021

8. Partial suspension, element by element, for this business

This section applies the five-step test of section 3 to a business of the industry Real Estate with the instruments this report found for the quarters selected and no others: the order; the function of the business it reached; the change it compelled, in its own words; the days of the quarter on which it was in force; and the statute's answer. Where the Library holds only federal-layer and standing-duty instruments for a quarter, the section says so and applies the test to those instruments.

Second quarter of 2020 (Apr. 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020; orders from Mar. 13, 2020)

Step one, the orders. In the second quarter of 2020 the Library holds 237 instruments in force for this selection: 58 instruments from the regulators of Real Estate (Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-057); Amy Acton, M.D., Director, Ohio Department of Health, Director's Stay at Home Order (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-027); Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-20 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-068); and 55 more) and 179 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-190); United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer), Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-279); and 176 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Real Estate industry, as the Library records them: showings and open houses (SH; Ex. SEC-14-057, Ex. SEC-14-027, Ex. SEC-14-068, Ex. SEC-14-028 and 14 more); listings, marketing and photography (LS; Ex. SEC-14-014, Ex. SEC-14-023, Ex. SEC-14-074, Ex. SEC-14-020 and 1 more); closings, notaries, recorders and title (CL; Ex. SEC-14-057, Ex. SEC-14-027, Ex. SEC-14-068, Ex. SEC-14-028 and 30 more); property management (PM; Ex. SEC-14-030, Ex. SEC-14-071, Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076 and 22 more); leasing offices (LE; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-008, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-021 and 4 more); appraisals and inspections (AP; Ex. SEC-14-057, Ex. SEC-14-027, Ex. SEC-14-068, Ex. SEC-14-028 and 15 more); commercial leasing and tenant closures (CM; Ex. SEC-14-052, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-046 and 2 more); hiring, licensing and training (HR; Ex. SEC-14-031); office, administration and telework (OP; Ex. SEC-14-057, Ex. SEC-14-027, Ex. SEC-14-068, Ex. SEC-14-028 and 20 more); workforce availability (WF; Ex. SEC-14-057, Ex. SEC-14-027, Ex. SEC-14-068, Ex. SEC-14-028 and 2 more); the client base: buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, lenders (CB; Ex. SEC-14-057, Ex. SEC-14-027, Ex. SEC-14-068, Ex. SEC-14-028 and 32 more).

Step three, the change compelled. Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-057) ordered: "Section 1... 12. Essential Businesses and Operations... r. Professional services. Professional services, such as legal services, accounting services, insurance services, real estate services (including appraisal and title services)" Enforcement: 20 ILCS 3305/19; Illinois State Police Amy Acton, M.D., Director, Ohio Department of Health, Director's Stay at Home Order (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-027) ordered: "12. Essential Businesses and Operations... u. Professional services. Professional services, such as legal services, accounting services, insurance services, real estate services (including appraisal and title services);... 18.... a. Allow as many employees as possible to work from home by…" Enforcement: R.C. 3701.352, 3701.99 (misdemeanor of the second degree) Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-20 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-068) ordered: "6.... hh. Real Estate Transactions. This category is limited to workers who facilitate and finance real estate transactions and real estate services, including appraisers and title services." Enforcement: Minn. Stat. 12.45 (misdemeanor) The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Mar. 13, 2020 to June 30, 2020, 110 days. Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8) (Ex. SEC-14-057) was in force from Mar. 21, 2020 to Apr. 7, 2020, 18 of the quarter's 110 days; Director's Stay at Home Order (Ex. SEC-14-027) was in force from Mar. 23, 2020 to Apr. 6, 2020, 15 of the quarter's 110 days; Emergency Executive Order 20-20 (Ex. SEC-14-068) was in force from Mar. 27, 2020 to Apr. 10, 2020, 15 of the quarter's 110 days. Of the 58 instruments in the quarter's record, 0 were in force on its first day, 42 on its last day and 0 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Real Estate industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the second quarter of 2020 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Third quarter of 2020 (July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020)

Step one, the orders. In the third quarter of 2020 the Library holds 208 instruments in force for this selection: 45 instruments from the regulators of Real Estate (State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048); Supreme Court of Virginia, Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-071); Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016); and 42 more) and 163 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only (Ex. FED-391); The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192); and 160 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Real Estate industry, as the Library records them: showings and open houses (SH; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-008, Ex. SEC-14-020, Ex. SEC-14-015); listings, marketing and photography (LS; Ex. SEC-14-020, Ex. SEC-14-015); closings, notaries, recorders and title (CL; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-071, Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-008 and 15 more); property management (PM; Ex. SEC-14-071, Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-058 and 23 more); leasing offices (LE; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-008, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-021 and 6 more); appraisals and inspections (AP; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-008, Ex. SEC-14-020, Ex. SEC-14-012 and 2 more); commercial leasing and tenant closures (CM; Ex. SEC-14-052, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-046 and 2 more); hiring, licensing and training (HR; Ex. SEC-14-031); office, administration and telework (OP; Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-020, Ex. SEC-14-055, Ex. SEC-14-040 and 8 more); the client base: buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, lenders (CB; Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-058, Ex. SEC-14-052 and 25 more).

Step three, the change compelled. State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) ordered: "Residential and commercial real estate services, including settlement services" Enforcement: Gov't Code 8665 Supreme Court of Virginia, Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-071) ordered: "All non-essential, non-emergency court proceedings in all circuit and district courts are suspended" Enforcement: courts Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016) ordered: "Any notarial act that is required under New York State law is authorized to be performed utilizing audio-video technology provided that [conditions]" Enforcement: Exec. Law 29-a The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from July 1, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020, 92 days. Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) was in force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency (Ex. SEC-14-071) was in force from Mar. 16, 2020 to Sept. 30, 2020, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Executive Order 202.7 (Ex. SEC-14-016) was in force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days. Of the 45 instruments in the quarter's record, 39 were in force on its first day, 36 on its last day and 32 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Real Estate industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the third quarter of 2020 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Fourth quarter of 2020 (Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020)

Step one, the orders. In the fourth quarter of 2020 the Library holds 193 instruments in force for this selection: 33 instruments from the regulators of Real Estate (State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048); Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016); Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069); and 30 more) and 160 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334); Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333); and 157 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Real Estate industry, as the Library records them: showings and open houses (SH; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-015); listings, marketing and photography (LS; Ex. SEC-14-015); closings, notaries, recorders and title (CL; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-009, Ex. SEC-14-012 and 11 more); property management (PM; Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-052, Ex. SEC-14-056 and 14 more); leasing offices (LE; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-049, Ex. SEC-14-043 and 4 more); appraisals and inspections (AP; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-012, Ex. SEC-14-010, Ex. SEC-14-007); commercial leasing and tenant closures (CM; Ex. SEC-14-052, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-043 and 2 more); hiring, licensing and training (HR; Ex. SEC-14-031); office, administration and telework (OP; Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-055, Ex. SEC-14-040, Ex. SEC-14-041 and 6 more); the client base: buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, lenders (CB; Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-052, Ex. SEC-14-056 and 17 more).

Step three, the change compelled. State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) ordered: "Residential and commercial real estate services, including settlement services" Enforcement: Gov't Code 8665 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016) ordered: "Any notarial act that is required under New York State law is authorized to be performed utilizing audio-video technology provided that [conditions]" Enforcement: Exec. Law 29-a Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069) ordered: "1. Beginning no later than March 24, 2020 at 5:00 pm, and continuing for the duration of the peacetime emergency... [a property owner's ability to file an eviction action under] Minnesota Statutes 2019, section 504B.285 or 504B.291 is suspended. This suspension will [also reach notices to terminate…" Enforcement: Minn. Stat. 12.45 The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Oct. 1, 2020 to Dec. 31, 2020, 92 days. Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) was in force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Executive Order 202.7 (Ex. SEC-14-016) was in force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Ex. SEC-14-069) was in force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days. Of the 33 instruments in the quarter's record, 30 were in force on its first day, 29 on its last day and 27 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Real Estate industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the fourth quarter of 2020 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

First quarter of 2021 (Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021)

Step one, the orders. In the first quarter of 2021 the Library holds 204 instruments in force for this selection: 29 instruments from the regulators of Real Estate (State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048); Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016); Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069); and 26 more) and 175 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334); Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333); and 172 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Real Estate industry, as the Library records them: showings and open houses (SH; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-015); listings, marketing and photography (LS; Ex. SEC-14-015); closings, notaries, recorders and title (CL; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-009, Ex. SEC-14-012 and 9 more); property management (PM; Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061 and 12 more); leasing offices (LE; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-049, Ex. SEC-14-043 and 5 more); appraisals and inspections (AP; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-012, Ex. SEC-14-010, Ex. SEC-14-084); commercial leasing and tenant closures (CM; Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-043, Ex. SEC-14-064); hiring, licensing and training (HR; Ex. SEC-14-031); office, administration and telework (OP; Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-055, Ex. SEC-14-040, Ex. SEC-14-041 and 4 more); the client base: buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, lenders (CB; Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061 and 15 more).

Step three, the change compelled. State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) ordered: "Residential and commercial real estate services, including settlement services" Enforcement: Gov't Code 8665 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016) ordered: "Any notarial act that is required under New York State law is authorized to be performed utilizing audio-video technology provided that [conditions]" Enforcement: Exec. Law 29-a Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069) ordered: "1. Beginning no later than March 24, 2020 at 5:00 pm, and continuing for the duration of the peacetime emergency... [a property owner's ability to file an eviction action under] Minnesota Statutes 2019, section 504B.285 or 504B.291 is suspended. This suspension will [also reach notices to terminate…" Enforcement: Minn. Stat. 12.45 The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Jan. 1, 2021 to Mar. 31, 2021, 90 days. Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) was in force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021, 90 of the quarter's 90 days; Executive Order 202.7 (Ex. SEC-14-016) was in force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021, 90 of the quarter's 90 days; Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Ex. SEC-14-069) was in force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021, 90 of the quarter's 90 days. Of the 29 instruments in the quarter's record, 23 were in force on its first day, 27 on its last day and 23 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Real Estate industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the first quarter of 2021 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Second quarter of 2021 (Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021)

Step one, the orders. In the second quarter of 2021 the Library holds 194 instruments in force for this selection: 29 instruments from the regulators of Real Estate (State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048); Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016); Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069); and 26 more) and 165 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334); Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333); and 162 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Real Estate industry, as the Library records them: showings and open houses (SH; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-015); listings, marketing and photography (LS; Ex. SEC-14-015); closings, notaries, recorders and title (CL; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-009, Ex. SEC-14-012 and 9 more); property management (PM; Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061 and 12 more); leasing offices (LE; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-043, Ex. SEC-14-051 and 5 more); appraisals and inspections (AP; Ex. SEC-14-048, Ex. SEC-14-012, Ex. SEC-14-010, Ex. SEC-14-084); commercial leasing and tenant closures (CM; Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-043); hiring, licensing and training (HR; Ex. SEC-14-031); office, administration and telework (OP; Ex. SEC-14-016, Ex. SEC-14-055, Ex. SEC-14-040, Ex. SEC-14-041 and 4 more); the client base: buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, lenders (CB; Ex. SEC-14-069, Ex. SEC-14-076, Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061 and 15 more).

Step three, the change compelled. State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) ordered: "Residential and commercial real estate services, including settlement services" Enforcement: Gov't Code 8665 Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016) ordered: "Any notarial act that is required under New York State law is authorized to be performed utilizing audio-video technology provided that [conditions]" Enforcement: Exec. Law 29-a Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069) ordered: "1. Beginning no later than March 24, 2020 at 5:00 pm, and continuing for the duration of the peacetime emergency... [a property owner's ability to file an eviction action under] Minnesota Statutes 2019, section 504B.285 or 504B.291 is suspended. This suspension will [also reach notices to terminate…" Enforcement: Minn. Stat. 12.45 The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from Apr. 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021, 91 days. Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048) was in force from Apr. 28, 2020 to June 15, 2021, 76 of the quarter's 91 days; Executive Order 202.7 (Ex. SEC-14-016) was in force from Mar. 19, 2020 to June 24, 2021, 85 of the quarter's 91 days; Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Ex. SEC-14-069) was in force from Mar. 24, 2020 to July 1, 2021, 91 of the quarter's 91 days. Of the 29 instruments in the quarter's record, 26 were in force on its first day, 22 on its last day and 20 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Real Estate industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the second quarter of 2021 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

Third quarter of 2021 (July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021)

Step one, the orders. In the third quarter of 2021 the Library holds 188 instruments in force for this selection: 21 instruments from the regulators of Real Estate (Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056); Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061); California Legislature (AB 832), AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27) (June 28, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-051); and 18 more) and 167 federal instruments (Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290); Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311); Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292); and 164 more). Each is an order, proclamation, rule or decree of a governmental authority with jurisdiction over the place or the trade, and each is listed in section 5 with its exhibit.

Step two, the function reached. The instruments reached these functions of business of the Real Estate industry, as the Library records them: closings, notaries, recorders and title (CL; Ex. SEC-14-009, Ex. SEC-14-055, Ex. SEC-14-040, Ex. SEC-14-041 and 4 more); property management (PM; Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-051, Ex. SEC-14-045 and 12 more); leasing offices (LE; Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-051, Ex. SEC-14-017, Ex. SEC-14-004 and 4 more); commercial leasing and tenant closures (CM; Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-045); office, administration and telework (OP; Ex. SEC-14-055, Ex. SEC-14-040, Ex. SEC-14-041, Ex. SEC-14-019 and 1 more); the client base: buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, lenders (CB; Ex. SEC-14-056, Ex. SEC-14-061, Ex. SEC-14-051, Ex. SEC-14-045 and 11 more).

Step three, the change compelled. Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056) ordered: "Section 2.... no provider of a residential property may commence a residential eviction action... unless a tenant poses a direct threat to the health and safety of other tenants, an immediate and severe risk to property, or a violation of any applicable building code, health ordinance, or similar…" Enforcement: 20 ILCS 3305/19 Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061) ordered: "Sec. 1. LANDLORDS AND TENANTS; HOUSING LENDERS;... 'Emergency period' [runs from] the Governor's declaration of a state of emergency on March 13, 2020, arising from COVID-19, and ending 30 days after the Governor terminates the state of emergency... (c) Pending foreclosure and ejectment actions. (1)…" Enforcement: courts; 12 V.S.A. ch. 169; 9 V.S.A. ch. 137 California Legislature (AB 832), AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27) (June 28, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-051) ordered: "[extends the COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act protections for] rental debt... to September 30, 2021, and would repeal only the general prohibition on October 1, 2021... actions filed between March 4, 2020, and September 30, 2021... This bill would enact the COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act" Enforcement: Code Civ. Proc. 1179.01 et seq., 1179.09 et seq. The operative words of every other instrument of the quarter are quoted in section 5.

Step four, the quarter. The quarter's record runs from July 1, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 92 days. Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Ex. SEC-14-056) was in force from Apr. 23, 2020 to Aug. 1, 2021, 32 of the quarter's 92 days; AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27) (Ex. SEC-14-051) was in force from June 28, 2021 to Sept. 30, 2021, 92 of the quarter's 92 days; L. 2021, ch. 417 (extension of the COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention… (Ex. SEC-14-045) was in force from Sept. 2, 2021 to Jan. 15, 2022, 29 of the quarter's 92 days. Of the 21 instruments in the quarter's record, 15 were in force on its first day, 11 on its last day and 7 on every day of the quarter.

Step five, the statute's answer. Each function named in step two is a portion of the operation of a business of the Real Estate industry; each change compelled in step three is a delay, interruption or termination of that portion; and but for the orders, no law required it. On the definitions the United States agreed to and the court adopted in Tri-State, the operation was partially suspended during the third quarter of 2021 due to orders from an appropriate governmental authority limiting commerce, travel or group meetings due to COVID-19. The statute asks nothing further: not whether the business was essential or stayed open, not whether it could telework, not whose customers the orders addressed, and not for a percentage.

9. The Service's sentences, answered for Real Estate

The Service's letters and examination reports rest on fourteen grounds. Each is answered below from the statute's text, from Tri-State, from the instruments with their exhibit identifiers, and from the United States' own representations. None survives the public record for the real estate industry.

Each sentence below is stated in the Service's general vocabulary and answered from the industry analysis; the full answer, with its footnotes, is on the ground page linked beneath it.

Sentence 1: 1. No orders in effect

"There were no government orders related to COVID-19 in effect during the quarter which could have fully or partially suspended your trade or business."

For every quarter, the six-quarters section above lists the orders in force on the quarter's first and last day, by issuer, date and terms, with exhibit identifiers, and the tables on this page tabulate them. For the third quarter of 2021 alone the list runs to the CDC's eviction order in force July 1 through July 31 and August 3 through 26, 2021, addressed to every landlord in the country with criminal penalties; the FHA, FHFA, VA and USDA eviction moratoria to September 30, 2021; the CFPB's Regulation X safeguards from August 31; the eviction statutes, proclamations, procedures and court stays of sixteen jurisdictions and the territories; the remote-notarization instruments of ten States; the local eviction and court instruments of a dozen metros; the face-covering, vaccination-proof and access orders of the States, the District and the metropolitan areas named in subpart (B) of the third quarter of 2021, the workplace infection-prevention and exposure-control requirements of the Delta quarter; the State emergencies, general orders and counter-orders; the courts' orders in more than twenty States; and the federal conveyance, workplace, contractor, entry and border orders. A form sentence that no orders were in effect is not the "case-by-case" determination the United States described to the District Court. The sentence describes a quarter that did not occur, and the Service's records, whatever they contain, do not contain the Federal Register.

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Sentence 2: 2. Designated essential and remained open

"The employer operated an essential business and remained open."

The word "essential" is not in the statute. The designation "real estate services (including appraisal and title services)" in the Illinois-list orders was the premise of the conditions those orders imposed, never an exemption from them: six-foot distancing, telework "to the fullest extent possible," gathering caps of ten that made every open house unlawful, and customers who could leave home only for enumerated purposes. The Notice itself provides that an employer so designated "may be considered to have a partial suspension of operations if, under the facts and circumstances, more than a nominal portion of its business operations are suspended by a governmental order," and its own last sentence in the same answer treats a compelled closure "for a period of time during normal working hours" as a partial suspension; the United States told the District Court that an employer "could be considered to have a partial suspension due to the governmental order if it was required to suspend certain operations for certain purposes." Minnesota confined the designation to "workers who facilitate and finance real estate transactions"; Mecklenburg County confined it to "appraisal and title services"; New Mexico granted it "limited to minimized operations and staff" under a prohibition of every gathering of five or more; Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Delaware and Washington withheld it altogether for the first six to nine weeks. An employer that "remained open" under an order that fixed how many persons could enter a house it was showing, and barred it from evicting the tenant who did not pay, was partially suspended by that order. The designation was a permission to operate under the orders, not an exemption from them.

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Sentence 3: 3. Orders directed to the public

"Stay-at-home orders directed to the public are not considered; only orders directed at business operations count."

The statute says nothing of the source or addressee of the order; it asks whether the order limited "commerce, travel, or group meetings." The Notice's own list of qualifying orders includes "A State's emergency proclamation that residents must shelter in place" and "An order from a local official imposing a curfew on residents," both addressed to the public, and the United States quoted that list to the District Court as the statute's meaning and told the Ninth Circuit that a business "may be suspended 'due to' a government order addressing a third party." The orders that reached this industry were, moreover, directed at its business operations in terms: "No in-person open houses are permitted"; "Limit in-person activities to no more than the real estate professional and two people inside a property"; "[r]eal estate services shall be conducted remotely for all transactions"; "a landlord, owner of a residential property, or other person with a legal right to pursue eviction ... shall not evict." The position rewrites the statute and misdescribes the orders.

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Sentence 4: 4. Comparable operations through telework

"The employer could have continued comparable operations through telework."

"Comparable operations" and "telework" are not in the statute; Tri-State defines a partial suspension as a temporary delay, interruption or termination of a portion of the business, and a brokerage whose showings, open houses, photography and closings were prohibited or confined had those portions terminated or interrupted for the duration of the orders whatever its agents did from home. The Notice's own words confirm it. Q&A-15 provides that where "the closure of the workplace causes the employer to suspend business operations for certain purposes, but not others, it may be considered to have a partial suspension of operations due to the governmental order," and its Example 2 treats an employer whose customers cannot all be served remotely and whose employees "cannot access specific equipment or tools" as partially suspended; Q&A-16 provides that where the physical work space is so critical that central tasks cannot be performed remotely "this factor alone indicates that the employer is not able to continue comparable operations"; Q&A-17 provides that a compelled modification with more than a nominal effect is a partial suspension. A showing is conducted in a stranger's living room; an open house is a gathering; an appraisal is an interior inspection; a notarial acknowledgment was, until the emergency instruments rewrote it, a physical-presence act; an eviction is a courtroom proceeding; a leasing tour is a walk through a vacant unit. None is performed by telework, and the orders reached each of them. The comparable-operations sentence with which Q&A-15 opens is not in the statute, has no force of law by the United States' own account, and is not applied here. The position substitutes a word Congress did not write for the one it did.

Read the full answer to sentence 4 and the record behind it →

Sentence 5: 5. Orders affected customers, not the employer (Q&A-13)

"The orders affected the employer's customers, not the employer."

The eviction orders were addressed to the landlord and property manager by name; the showing rules were addressed to "workers in the real-estate industry, including agents, appraisers, brokers, inspectors, surveyors, and registers of deeds"; the notarial instruments changed the act the title agent performs; the face-covering and exposure-control orders were addressed to every business operating an indoor public setting. Where an order did address the customer, it limited the industry's commerce in terms: a stay-at-home order that confined a buyer to her home was the order that made showing a house to her unlawful, and a stay-at-home order on the customer base is on the Notice's own list of qualifying orders. Q&A-13 excludes only a suspension claimed "because its customers are subject to a government order," and its own example describes the order as one that "limits travel"; the United States told the Ninth Circuit that an order "addressing a third party" suffices, and Q&A-12 honors third-party orders on suppliers. The customer exclusion was confined in April 2020 to an essential employer "not required to close its physical locations" claiming a suspension "for the sole reason" of its customers' order; the Notice extended it to every employer and to any "reduction in demand" on March 1, 2021, after every 2020 quarter had closed, in a document the United States has represented has no force of law. The position cannot be reconciled with the Notice it invokes.

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Sentence 6: 6. The measures were voluntary (Q&A-14)

"The employer's measures were voluntary."

"Voluntary" is not in the statute; "due to" is, and it means but-for causation. Q&A-14 by its own terms reaches only a suspension "not due to a governmental order." A brokerage that held no open house in April 2020 did so because every State's gathering cap made the open house unlawful; a property manager that filed no eviction between September 4, 2020 and July 31, 2021, or between August 3 and August 26, 2021, did so because a federal order with criminal penalties forbade it; a title agency that closed by two-way audio-video did so because the emergency instrument was the only lawful way to acknowledge the deed while the notary's desk was closed; an appraiser who delivered an exterior-only report did so because the lender's federal regulator prescribed it. Tri-State accepted the hospital's allegation that the protocols its proclamation required "were not voluntary," held that it "was required to make these changes to ensure compliance with the Proclamation," and held that on the United States' contrary theory "there are not many businesses or any business that would be eligible under the ERC at all." The word describes nothing that happened in this industry.

Nor does the premise of the ground survive the standing duties set out in the layers section. Q&A-14 reaches only a suspension "not due to a governmental order," and the United States and the District Court have defined the excluded employer as one that "chooses not to" continue comparable operations and was "not being ordered to do so." No employer in this industry answered that description in any of the six quarters. The reopening orders permitted it to operate only on conditions with the force of law: appointment-only showings, party caps, occupancy limits, screening, distancing and face coverings. The standing statutes commanded the same conduct independently: Texas's communicable-disease act ("Each person shall act responsibly to prevent and control communicable disease"), its emergency act's penalty and its safe-workplace statute, the equivalents of the other principal States, and the general duty clause over all of them, enforced by citation from September 2020. The legislatures then fixed the standard of care as compliance with governmental standards, guidance and protocols, in Texas for every action commenced on or after March 13, 2020, in Arizona from March 10, 2020 and in Michigan from March 1, 2020. The safe-workplace statute had no COVID-19 content until the health authorities said what a safe workplace required; the measures were taken because those directives defined the duty and would not have been taken without them. "Due to" is but-for causation, and the causation here runs from the command to the measure without an intervening choice. The Notice's own words confirm it: a modification "required by a governmental order as a condition of reopening a physical space for business or service to the public," including "requiring services to be performed only on an appointment basis," is a partial suspension due to the order. An owner's description of that compliance as a choice is not an element of the statutory test and not evidence of the counterfactual. A statute that commands conduct is an order from an appropriate governmental authority, and the Service's premise fails wherever a command reached the employer, which in this record is everywhere.

Read the full answer to sentence 6 and the record behind it →

Sentence 7: 7. Not more than nominal (the ten percent figure)

"The portion of the business affected was not more than nominal."

The ten percent figure is, by the United States' own account, "not an eligibility requirement," "[e]ffectively ... a safe harbor," "a quintessential safe harbor," "a safe harbor rather than a hard floor," and, in Tri-State, "a method for the test to be met not as a requirement to meet the test"; the District Court held it "not an exclusionary cut-off point" and "subject to rebuttal." Congress placed its numerical thresholds in the gross-receipts prong alone. The figure first appeared on March 1, 2021, in a document the United States has represented has no force of law, after the FAQs of April 29, 2020 had stated no nominal test and no percentage. The Service administers the figure as a definition ("[t]he IRS considers 'more than nominal' to be at least 10% of your business") while the United States describes it to the courts as a safe harbor, and this analysis holds the United States to the account it gave the courts. No proposition on this page depends on the figure. As a matter of the orders' own terms, the showing function is the origin of every commission a brokerage earns; the eviction remedy is the enforcement mechanism of every lease a property manager administers; the closing is the event at which every title fee is earned; the interior inspection is the appraiser's product. Each is the operation of the employer that performs it, and each was terminated, interrupted or delayed by order. A safe harbor the showing exceeds many times over cannot be the floor beneath which the showing fails.

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Sentence 8: 8. Modifications had only a nominal effect (Q&A-18)

"The required modifications (masks, gloves, spacing, screening) had only a nominal effect."

The statute has no nominal-effect requirement; a partial suspension is "a temporary delay, interruption, or termination of a portion an employer's business," and "portion" is not "significant." Q&A-18's own first paragraph lists "requiring services to be performed only on an appointment basis (for businesses that previously offered walk-in service)" and "requiring employees and customers to wear face coverings" among the modifications "required by a governmental order as a condition of reopening a physical space for business or service to the public," and Q&A-17's Example 2 holds that an employer that "resumed all categories of its business operations" remains partially suspended while a spacing order is in force. The modifications the orders imposed on this industry were not gloves at a checkout: they were the prohibition of the open house, the four-person and three-person showing, the vacant-unit rule, the remote acknowledgment, the exterior-only appraisal, the barred eviction, the closed recorder's counter and, in the Delta quarter, the face covering on every participant in every showing, closing and leasing tour, an airborne-transmission control imposed on every indoor workplace and public setting, and Honolulu's direction that real estate be conducted "by remote/electronic means whenever possible." The United States told the District Court that "employees having to wear face masks may impact business operations." Q&A-18's categorical sentence that mask mandates "will not result in more than a nominal effect" is a factual conclusion stated as a rule, with no record, in a document without the force of law; the facts of this industry are the orders' own terms.

Read the full answer to sentence 8 and the record behind it →

Sentence 9: 9. A declaration of emergency is not an order (Q&A-10)

"A declaration of emergency is not an order."

This analysis relies on no bare declaration as an order. Every State emergency cited in the six-quarters section is cited for the limitation it imposed or carried: Texas' declaration was the predicate of GA-38 and of the Supreme Court of Texas' emergency orders; Georgia's Economic Recovery emergency carried sector duties; Pennsylvania's Act 21 extended the Commonwealth's regulatory suspensions to September 30, 2021; Maryland's Order 21-06-15-01 continued the eviction and notarization orders to August 15, 2021; Hawaii's proclamations carried the traveler quarantine and the eviction suspension; Delaware's Sixth Modification stayed evictions "until the state of emergency is terminated." The Notice's own sentence excludes a declaration only "if it does not limit commerce, travel, or group meetings in any manner." The declarations of this record limited them in every manner the statute names.

Read the full answer to sentence 9 and the record behind it →

Sentence 10: 10. Supplier not closed by order (AM 2023-005)

"The supplier was not itself closed by order; supply-chain effects are too attenuated."

AM 2023-005 says of itself that it "may not be used or cited as precedent," and Tri-State refused to give a Chief Counsel memorandum any weight for that reason. Q&A-12 says an employer "may be considered to have a full or partial suspension of operations due to a governmental order" when its "suppliers are unable to make deliveries of critical goods or materials due to a governmental order that causes the supplier to suspend its operations"; the words "narrow," "limited" and "exception" appear nowhere in it, and the United States told the Ninth Circuit that the rule "never even mentions a 'physical[ ] clos[ure]' order against the supplier." This industry's suppliers were closed by order in terms: the recorder's counter, the notary's physical presence, the courtroom that issues the warrant of removal, the borrower's interior, the tenant's restaurant. Each closure is an exhibit, not an inference. Where the Chief Counsel memorandum's "residual delays" sentence is invoked against a later quarter, the statute asks whether the operation was suspended "during the calendar quarter due to" orders, the suspension the orders caused continued because of them for the period the orders' own steps took, and orders were in force in every quarter through September 30, 2021. AM 2023-005's scenarios stipulate a jurisdiction that "lifted all orders related to COVID in May 2020"; no State in the Library fits them.

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Sentence 11: 11. Orders had lifted before the quarter began

"The orders had lifted before the quarter began; any effect was a lingering effect."

For every quarter, the six-quarters section lists the orders in force on the quarter's first day and its last. For the third quarter of 2021 the CDC's order of June 24, 2021 took effect July 1 and ran through July 31; its order of August 3 ran to August 26; the FHA and FHFA eviction moratoria expired September 30; New York's chapter 417, Washington's Proclamation 21-09.1, New Jersey's Executive Order 249, Illinois' Executive Order 2021-20, Oregon's indoor face-covering rule, New Mexico's order, Washington's Order 20-03.4, Nevada's Directive 047, Louisiana's Proclamation 137, the Bay Area's orders, Los Angeles County's order and the Key to NYC order were each issued inside the quarter. The clause asks whether the operation was "suspended during the calendar quarter," not whether an order was issued in it; Tri-State defines suspension to include a "delay"; Q&A-22 makes a suspension during any portion of a quarter eligibility for the whole quarter; and the interconnected-economy section states the restoration arithmetic from the orders' own step dates. This analysis never says an expired order suspended anyone by its own force; it says the suspension the orders caused continued because of them, and it lists the orders in force. The premise of the ground, that the orders had lifted, is contradicted by the Federal Register for every day of the quarter through September 30, 2021.

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Sentence 12: 12. No decline in gross receipts

"The employer did not experience the required decline in gross receipts."

The gross-receipts prong is an alternative route to eligibility, not a condition of the suspension prong. Tri-State held that the existence of the gross-receipts test shows "an employer may be economically affected without any partial or full suspension," which "does not make the Gross Receipts Test superfluous with the plain language interpretation of 'partial suspension' but instead logical within the scope of the act," and held the prongs independent "by Defendant's admission." Congress wrote a numerical threshold into clause (II) and none into clause (I), and "where Congress includes particular language in one section of a statute but omits it in another section of the same Act, it is generally presumed that Congress acts intentionally and purposely." This analysis does not rely on the gross-receipts prong, and a letter that measures a suspension claim by a receipts decline answers a question the claim did not ask.

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Sentence 13: 13. Guidance, not orders

"The instruments relied on are guidance, recommendations or best practices, not orders."

Every instrument in the six-quarters section is an order, proclamation, statute, rule, regulation or court order with a stated enforcement mechanism: criminal penalties under 42 U.S.C. § 271 for the CDC orders; misdemeanor liability under the State emergency acts for the stay-at-home, gathering and face-covering orders; license suspension and daily penalties under Clark County Code 3.04.065; fines of up to $2,000 per violation under Philadelphia's regulation; contempt and the withholding of warrants and judgments under the court orders; FHA's mortgagee sanctions and the Enterprises' contracts under the moratoria; the CFPB's enforcement authority under Regulation X. The Notice's own Q&A-10 counts orders "without regard to the level of enforcement." Where this analysis names a real estate commission's guidance, the order relied on is the Governor's or health officer's order the guidance applied, and where a Michigan or Pennsylvania instrument is labeled "guidance," its text is mandatory ("must be performed by appointment"; "so long as they strictly adhere to the requirements") and it issued under an executive order carrying penalties. The Court of Federal Claims itself has held that health-department guidance issued under compulsory authority "qualifies as an 'order.'" The ground mislabels the record.

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Sentence 14: 14. The ordinary meaning of "order"

"'Order' must be given its ordinary meaning."

Agreed, and applied. An order is "An authoritative indication to be obeyed; a command or direction"; the Service's own Chief Counsel memorandum defines it as "a command or mandate delivered by a government official." Every instrument in the six-quarters section is a command of a governmental official or body, addressed to persons within its power, with a sanction for disobedience. "Commerce" is "the exchange or buying and selling of commodities on a large scale involving transportation from place to place," and in Chief Justice Marshall's words "it is intercourse"; "travel" is "to go on or as if on a trip or tour"; a "meeting" is "an act or process of coming together." An order that forbids a stranger to enter a house for sale, closes the counter at which a deed is recorded, bars a landlord from removing a tenant, or requires every person in a leasing office to wear a face covering as an airborne-transmission control limits commerce, travel and group meetings in the ordinary meaning of each word. The ordinary meaning is the statute's meaning, and it is the meaning this analysis applies.

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10. Exhibit list

Every instrument cited in this report, by exhibit identifier: 354 records, of which The COVID Project holds the document for 333. The record URL opens the instrument's page in the Library; the exhibit URL opens the document itself where it is held.

Exhibit	Instrument	Issuer	Date	Citation	Record URL	Exhibit file
Ex. DUT-FED-001	29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause)	Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593)	standing	Congress (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, § 5, Pub. L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593), 29 U.S.C. 654 (OSH Act § 5, the general duty clause) (standing) (Ex. DUT-FED-001)	/library/DUT-FED-001	/exhibit/DUT-FED-001
Ex. FED-001	Proclamation 9994	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 13, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9994 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-001)	/library/FED-001	/exhibit/FED-001
Ex. FED-002	Notice of February 24, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Feb. 24, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Notice of February 24, 2021 (Feb. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-002)	/library/FED-002	/exhibit/FED-002
Ex. FED-006	Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per…	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator)	Mar. 13, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (letter to the Secretaries of Homeland Security, the Treasury and HHS and the FEMA Administrator), Emergency determination of March 13, 2020 under Stafford Act § 501(b) (nationwide emergency; implemented by FEMA as EM-3428 through EM-3580 series, one per State and territory, all dated March 13, 2020) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-006)	/library/FED-006	/exhibit/FED-006
Ex. FED-007	Memorandum of January 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security)	Jan. 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security), Memorandum of January 21, 2021 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-007)	/library/FED-007	/exhibit/FED-007
Ex. FED-008	Memorandum of February 2, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator)	Feb. 2, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (memorandum to the Secretary of Homeland Security and the FEMA Administrator), Memorandum of February 2, 2021 (Feb. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-008)	/library/FED-008	/exhibit/FED-008
Ex. FED-009	Memorandum of August 17, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Aug. 17, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Memorandum of August 17, 2021 (Aug. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-009)	/library/FED-009	/exhibit/FED-009
Ex. FED-010	Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services	Jan. 31, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists Nationwide as the Result of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-010)	/library/FED-010	/exhibit/FED-010
Ex. FED-011	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 21, 2020)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	Apr. 21, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 21, 2020) (Apr. 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-011)	/library/FED-011	/exhibit/FED-011
Ex. FED-012	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 23, 2020)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	July 23, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-012)	/library/FED-012	/exhibit/FED-012
Ex. FED-013	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (October 2, 2020)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	Oct. 2, 2020	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (October 2, 2020) (Oct. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-013)	/library/FED-013	/exhibit/FED-013
Ex. FED-014	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (January 7, 2021)	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS	Jan. 7, 2021	Alex M. Azar II, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (January 7, 2021) (Jan. 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-014)	/library/FED-014	/exhibit/FED-014
Ex. FED-015	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 15, 2021)	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS	Apr. 15, 2021	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (April 15, 2021) (Apr. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-015)	/library/FED-015	/exhibit/FED-015
Ex. FED-016	Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 19, 2021)	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS	July 19, 2021	Xavier Becerra, Secretary of HHS, Renewal of Determination that a Public Health Emergency Exists (July 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-016)	/library/FED-016	/exhibit/FED-016
Ex. FED-020	CDC Order, Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 (Feb. 3, 2021; effective Feb. 1, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (order signed by the CDC Director Jan. 29, 2021)	Jan. 29, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (order signed by the CDC Director Jan. 29, 2021), CDC Order, Requirement for Persons To Wear Masks While on Conveyances and at Transportation Hubs, 86 Fed. Reg. 8025 (Feb. 3, 2021; effective Feb. 1, 2021) (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-020)	/library/FED-020	/exhibit/FED-020
Ex. FED-022	CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020)	Sept. 1, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed by the CDC Director Sept. 1, 2020), CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-022)	/library/FED-022	/exhibit/FED-022
Ex. FED-023	CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Jan. 29, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Jan. 29, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-023)	/library/FED-023	/exhibit/FED-023
Ex. FED-024	CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Mar. 29, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Mar. 29, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (Mar. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-024)	/library/FED-024	/exhibit/FED-024
Ex. FED-025	CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	June 24, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order extending the Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (June 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-025)	/library/FED-025	/exhibit/FED-025
Ex. FED-026	CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Aug. 3, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Transmission of COVID-19 (Aug. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-026)	/library/FED-026	/exhibit/FED-026
Ex. FED-027	CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director)	Mar. 14, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC No Sail Order and Suspension of Further Embarkation (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-027)	/library/FED-027	/exhibit/FED-027
Ex. FED-028	No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Apr. 9, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Notice of Modification and Extension (Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-028)	/library/FED-028	/exhibit/FED-028
Ex. FED-029	No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	July 16, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Second Modification and Extension (July 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-029)	/library/FED-029	/exhibit/FED-029
Ex. FED-030	No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Sept. 30, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, No Sail Order; Third Modification and Extension (Sept. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-030)	/library/FED-030	/exhibit/FED-030
Ex. FED-031	CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Oct. 30, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Framework for Conditional Sailing Order (Oct. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-031)	/library/FED-031	/exhibit/FED-031
Ex. FED-032	Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	May 5, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Notice: Conditional Sailing Order Technical Instructions and Operations Manual (May 5, 2021) (Ex. FED-032)	/library/FED-032	/exhibit/FED-032
Ex. FED-034	CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order')	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director)	Mar. 20, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (CDC Director), CDC Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons From Countries Where a Communicable Disease Exists (the 'Title 42 order') (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-034)	/library/FED-034	/exhibit/FED-034
Ex. FED-036	Amendment and Extension of Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons (May 19, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	May 19, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Amendment and Extension of Order Suspending Introduction of Certain Persons (May 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-036)	/library/FED-036	/exhibit/FED-036
Ex. FED-037	CDC Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons From Countries Where a Quarantinable Communicable Disease Exists (Oct. 13, 2020)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Oct. 13, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons From Countries Where a Quarantinable Communicable Disease Exists (Oct. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-037)	/library/FED-037	/exhibit/FED-037
Ex. FED-038	Public Health Reassessment and Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons (Aug. 2, 2021)	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Aug. 2, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Public Health Reassessment and Order Suspending the Right To Introduce Certain Persons (Aug. 2, 2021) (Ex. FED-038)	/library/FED-038	/exhibit/FED-038
Ex. FED-039	Interim Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Mar. 20, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Interim Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign Countries or Places for Public Health Purposes (42 C.F.R. § 71.40) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-039)	/library/FED-039	/exhibit/FED-039
Ex. FED-040	CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result for All Airline Passengers Arriving Into the United States From the United Kingdom	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Dec. 25, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result for All Airline Passengers Arriving Into the United States From the United Kingdom (Dec. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-040)	/library/FED-040	/exhibit/FED-040
Ex. FED-041	CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery for All Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving Into…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Jan. 12, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, CDC Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery for All Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving Into the United States From Any Foreign Country (Jan. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-041)	/library/FED-041	/exhibit/FED-041
Ex. FED-042	CDC Amended Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery From COVID-19 for All Airline or Other Aircraft…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed Jan. 25, 2021 by the Acting CDC Chief of Staff; dated Jan. 26, 2021)	Jan. 25, 2021	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS (signed Jan. 25, 2021 by the Acting CDC Chief of Staff; dated Jan. 26, 2021), CDC Amended Order: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery From COVID-19 for All Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving Into the United States From Any Foreign Country (Jan. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-042)	/library/FED-042	/exhibit/FED-042
Ex. FED-048	Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of the Right To Introduce and Prohibition of Introduction of Persons Into United…	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Sept. 11, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Final Rule, Control of Communicable Diseases; Foreign Quarantine: Suspension of the Right To Introduce and Prohibition of Introduction of Persons Into United States From Designated Foreign Countries or Places for Public Health Purposes (42 C.F.R. § 71.40) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-048)	/library/FED-048	/exhibit/FED-048
Ex. FED-050	TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD…	Transportation Security Administration, DHS (Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Administrator)	Jan. 31, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS (Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Administrator), TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD 1542-21-01 (airports) (Jan. 31, 2021); ratification 86 Fed. Reg. 26825 (Ex. FED-050)	/library/FED-050	/exhibit/FED-050
Ex. FED-051	Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01A, Security Measures - Mask Requirements	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Apr. 30, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01A, Security Measures - Mask Requirements (Apr. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-051)	/library/FED-051	/exhibit/FED-051
Ex. FED-052	Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01B, Security Measures - Mask Requirements	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Aug. 20, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Security Directive SD 1582/84-21-01B, Security Measures - Mask Requirements (Aug. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-052)	/library/FED-052	/exhibit/FED-052
Ex. FED-053	TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD…	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Jan. 31, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, TSA Security Directives SD 1582/84-21-01, -01A, -01B (surface transportation; Jan. 31, Apr. 30, Aug. 20, 2021); SD 1544-21-02 (aircraft operators) and SD 1542-21-01 (airports) (Jan. 31, 2021); ratification 86 Fed. Reg. 26825 (Ex. FED-053)	/library/FED-053	/exhibit/FED-053
Ex. FED-055	Emergency Amendment EA 1546-21-01, Security Measures - Face Masks (foreign air carriers)	Transportation Security Administration, DHS	Jan. 31, 2021	Transportation Security Administration, DHS, Emergency Amendment EA 1546-21-01, Security Measures - Face Masks (foreign air carriers) (Jan. 31, 2021) (Ex. FED-055)	/library/FED-055	/exhibit/FED-055
Ex. FED-056	Notification of Ratification of Security Directives and Emergency Amendment (TSA SD 1542-21-01, SD 1544-21-02, EA 1546-21-01)	Department of Homeland Security, Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans; Transportation Security Oversight Board	Apr. 20, 2021	Department of Homeland Security, Office of Strategy, Policy, and Plans; Transportation Security Oversight Board, Notification of Ratification of Security Directives and Emergency Amendment (TSA SD 1542-21-01, SD 1544-21-02, EA 1546-21-01) (Apr. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-056)	/library/FED-056	/exhibit/FED-056
Ex. FED-057	Determination of a National Emergency Requiring Actions To Protect the Safety of Americans Using and Employed by the Transportation System (Jan. 27, 2021)	Acting Secretary of Homeland Security David P. Pekoske	Jan. 27, 2021	Acting Secretary of Homeland Security David P. Pekoske, Determination of a National Emergency Requiring Actions To Protect the Safety of Americans Using and Employed by the Transportation System (Jan. 27, 2021) (Ex. FED-057)	/library/FED-057	/exhibit/FED-057
Ex. FED-060	Executive Order 13991	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 20, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13991 (Jan. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-060)	/library/FED-060	/exhibit/FED-060
Ex. FED-061	Executive Order 13998	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13998 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-061)	/library/FED-061	/exhibit/FED-061
Ex. FED-062	Executive Order 13999	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 21, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 13999 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-062)	/library/FED-062	/exhibit/FED-062
Ex. FED-063	Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Sept. 9, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Ex. FED-063)	/library/FED-063	/exhibit/FED-063
Ex. FED-064	Executive Order 14043	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Sept. 9, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Executive Order 14043 (Sept. 9, 2021) (Ex. FED-064)	/library/FED-064	/exhibit/FED-064
Ex. FED-066	Executive Order 13945	President Donald J. Trump	Aug. 8, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13945 (Aug. 8, 2020) (Ex. FED-066)	/library/FED-066	/exhibit/FED-066
Ex. FED-070	Executive Order 13909	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 18, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13909 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-070)	/library/FED-070	/exhibit/FED-070
Ex. FED-073	Executive Order 13917, Delegating Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Food Supply Chain Resources, 85 Fed. Reg. 26313 (Apr. 28, 2020)	President Donald J. Trump	Apr. 28, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Executive Order 13917, Delegating Authority Under the Defense Production Act With Respect to Food Supply Chain Resources, 85 Fed. Reg. 26313 (Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. FED-073)	/library/FED-073	/exhibit/FED-073
Ex. FED-074	Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 25, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Notice of Designation of Scarce Materials or Threatened Materials Subject to COVID-19 Hoarding Prevention Measures (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-074)	/library/FED-074	/exhibit/FED-074
Ex. FED-075	Temporary Final Rule, Prioritization and Allocation of Certain Scarce or Threatened Health and Medical Resources for Domestic Use	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Apr. 7, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Temporary Final Rule, Prioritization and Allocation of Certain Scarce or Threatened Health and Medical Resources for Domestic Use (Apr. 7, 2020) (Ex. FED-075)	/library/FED-075	/exhibit/FED-075
Ex. FED-076	Notification of Exemptions to the PPE allocation rule	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Apr. 17, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Notification of Exemptions to the PPE allocation rule (Apr. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-076)	/library/FED-076	/exhibit/FED-076
Ex. FED-077	Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Aug. 10, 2020)	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Aug. 10, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Aug. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-077)	/library/FED-077	/exhibit/FED-077
Ex. FED-078	Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Dec. 31, 2020)	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS	Dec. 31, 2020	Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS, Temporary Final Rule extending and modifying the PPE allocation rule (Dec. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-078)	/library/FED-078	/exhibit/FED-078
Ex. FED-080	Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021)	Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor	June 21, 2021	Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Exposure to COVID-19; Emergency Temporary Standard, 29 C.F.R. 1910.502, 86 Fed. Reg. 32376 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-080)	/library/FED-080	/exhibit/FED-080
Ex. FED-081	DIR 2021-02 (CPL 02), Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 ETS (June 28, 2021)	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs	June 28, 2021	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-02 (CPL 02), Inspection Procedures for the COVID-19 ETS (June 28, 2021) (Ex. FED-081)	/library/FED-081	/exhibit/FED-081
Ex. FED-082	DIR 2021-01 (CPL 03), National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (Mar. 12, 2021)	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs	Mar. 12, 2021	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-01 (CPL 03), National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (Mar. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-082)	/library/FED-082	/exhibit/FED-082
Ex. FED-083	DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), Revised National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (July 7, 2021)	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs	July 7, 2021	OSHA, Directorate of Enforcement Programs, DIR 2021-03 (CPL 03), Revised National Emphasis Program - COVID-19 (July 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-083)	/library/FED-083	/exhibit/FED-083
Ex. FED-084	Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plans (Mar. 12, 2021; July 7, 2021)	OSHA (memorandum for Regional Administrators and State Plan Designees)	July 7, 2021	OSHA (memorandum for Regional Administrators and State Plan Designees), Updated Interim Enforcement Response Plans (Mar. 12, 2021; July 7, 2021) (Ex. FED-084)	/library/FED-084	/exhibit/FED-084
Ex. FED-088	Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020)	OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor	Mar. 9, 2020	OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, Guidance on Preparing Workplaces for COVID-19 (OSHA 3990-03 2020) (Mar. 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-088)	/library/FED-088	/exhibit/FED-088
Ex. FED-090	CMS-1744-IFC, Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule with…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Mar. 30, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-1744-IFC, Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule with comment period) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-090)	/library/FED-090	/exhibit/FED-090
Ex. FED-091	CMS-5531-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	May 1, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-5531-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule) (May 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-091)	/library/FED-091	/exhibit/FED-091
Ex. FED-092	CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Sept. 2, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through Sept. 23, 2022) (Ex. FED-092)	/library/FED-092	/exhibit/FED-092
Ex. FED-093	CMS-9912-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule): 42 C.F.R. § 433.400 (FMAP…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS (with Treasury and Labor)	Nov. 2, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS (with Treasury and Labor), CMS-9912-IFC, Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (interim final rule): 42 C.F.R. § 433.400 (FMAP maintenance-of-effort conditions); vaccine coverage (Nov. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-093)	/library/FED-093	/exhibit/FED-093
Ex. FED-094	CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	May 13, 2021	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH (Ex. FED-094)	/library/FED-094	/exhibit/FED-094
Ex. FED-096	CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020)	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 4, 2020	CMS, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality / Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-13-Hospitals (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-14-NH (Mar. 13, 2020), QSO-20-18-HHA (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-096)	/library/FED-096	/exhibit/FED-096
Ex. FED-097	QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 13, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-14-NH, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nursing Homes (Mar. 9, 2020; REVISED Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-097)	/library/FED-097	/exhibit/FED-097
Ex. FED-098	QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 10, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-18-HHA, Guidance for Infection Control and Prevention Concerning Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Home Health Agencies (HHAs) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-098)	/library/FED-098	/exhibit/FED-098
Ex. FED-099	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 23, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-099)	/library/FED-099	/exhibit/FED-099
Ex. FED-100	FEMA-4503-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Alabama (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 29, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4503-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Alabama (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-100)	/library/FED-100	/exhibit/FED-100
Ex. FED-104	FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4482-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for California (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-104)	/library/FED-104	/exhibit/FED-104
Ex. FED-132	FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 20, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4480-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for New York (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-132)	/library/FED-132	/exhibit/FED-132
Ex. FED-147	FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Mar. 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4481-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Washington (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-147)	/library/FED-147	/exhibit/FED-147
Ex. FED-150	FEMA-4535-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Wyoming (COVID-19 Pandemic)	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice)	Apr. 11, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (major disaster declaration); Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS (notice), FEMA-4535-DR, Major Disaster Declaration for Wyoming (COVID-19 Pandemic) (Apr. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-150)	/library/FED-150	/exhibit/FED-150
Ex. FED-154	QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Sept. 17, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (original, Sept. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-154)	/library/FED-154	/exhibit/FED-154
Ex. FED-155	QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Mar. 10, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 10, 2021	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Mar. 10, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (Ex. FED-155)	/library/FED-155	/exhibit/FED-155
Ex. FED-156	QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Apr. 27, 2021	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-39-NH REVISED Apr. 27, 2021, Nursing Home Visitation - COVID-19 (the text in force throughout 2021Q3) (Ex. FED-156)	/library/FED-156	/exhibit/FED-156
Ex. FED-157	QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	May 18, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-30-NH, Nursing Home Reopening Recommendations for State and Local Officials (May 18, 2020; REVISED Mar. 10, 2021; expired Mar. 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-157)	/library/FED-157	/exhibit/FED-157
Ex. FED-158	CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and…	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Apr. 7, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, CMS, Non-Emergent, Elective Medical Services, and Treatment Recommendations (Apr. 7, 2020) (tiered framework; supplements the Adult Elective Surgery and Procedures Recommendations of Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-158)	/library/FED-158	/exhibit/FED-158
Ex. FED-160	COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021)	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS	Mar. 13, 2020	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, HHS, COVID-19 Emergency Declaration Blanket Waivers for Health Care Providers (consolidated document; version updated May 24, 2021) (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-160)	/library/FED-160	/exhibit/FED-160
Ex. FED-161	QSO-20-29-NH and CMS-5531-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 27550 (May 8, 2020): 42 C.F.R. 483.80(g) reporting	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	May 6, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, QSO-20-29-NH and CMS-5531-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 27550 (May 8, 2020): 42 C.F.R. 483.80(g) reporting (May 6, 2020) (Ex. FED-161)	/library/FED-161	/exhibit/FED-161
Ex. FED-163	CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	May 11, 2021	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS-3414-IFC, 86 Fed. Reg. 26306 (May 13, 2021) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(d)(3)) and QSO-21-19-NH (May 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-163)	/library/FED-163	/exhibit/FED-163
Ex. FED-164	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Mar. 4, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-164)	/library/FED-164	/exhibit/FED-164
Ex. FED-165	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	June 1, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-165)	/library/FED-165	/exhibit/FED-165
Ex. FED-166	CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020)	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Aug. 17, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS QSO-20-12-All (Mar. 4, 2020), QSO-20-20-All (Mar. 23, 2020), QSO-20-31-All (June 1, 2020), QSO-20-35-ALL (Aug. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-166)	/library/FED-166	/exhibit/FED-166
Ex. FED-168	CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through…	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group	Aug. 26, 2020	CMS, Quality, Safety & Oversight Group, CMS-3401-IFC, 85 Fed. Reg. 54820 (Sept. 2, 2020) (42 C.F.R. 483.80(h) testing; 482.42(e) hospital reporting) and QSO-20-38-NH (Aug. 26, 2020; revised through Sept. 23, 2022) (Ex. FED-168)	/library/FED-168	/exhibit/FED-168
Ex. FED-170	Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§…	Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President	Mar. 18, 2020	Congress (Pub. L. 116-127); approved by the President, Families First Coronavirus Response Act, Pub. L. 116-127, 134 Stat. 178 (Mar. 18, 2020): Division C (Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act, §§ 3101-3106) and Division E (Emergency Paid Sick Leave Act, §§ 5101-5111); Division G (§§ 7001-7005, payroll tax credits); § 6008 (Medicaid FMAP conditions) (Ex. FED-170)	/library/FED-170	/exhibit/FED-170
Ex. FED-171	Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor	Apr. 1, 2020	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-171)	/library/FED-171	/exhibit/FED-171
Ex. FED-172	Revised Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (after New York v. U.S. Dep't of Labor)	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor	Sept. 11, 2020	Wage and Hour Division, U.S. Department of Labor, Revised Temporary Rule, Paid Leave Under the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, 29 C.F.R. part 826 (after New York v. U.S. Dep't of Labor) (Sept. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-172)	/library/FED-172	/exhibit/FED-172
Ex. FED-173	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, div. N, tit. II, subtit. B, § 286 (Extension of Credits for Paid Sick and Family Leave); div. N, § 502…	Congress (Pub. L. 116-260)	Dec. 27, 2020	Congress (Pub. L. 116-260), Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, div. N, tit. II, subtit. B, § 286 (Extension of Credits for Paid Sick and Family Leave); div. N, § 502 (extension of the CDC eviction moratorium to Jan. 31, 2021); div. EE, §§ 206-207 (ERC amendments) (Dec. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-173)	/library/FED-173	/exhibit/FED-173
Ex. FED-174	American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021): § 9651 (I.R.C. § 3134, ERC for Q3-Q4 2021); § 9641 (I.R.C. §§ 3131-3133, voluntary…	Congress (Pub. L. 117-2); approved by the President	Mar. 11, 2021	Congress (Pub. L. 117-2); approved by the President, American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021): § 9651 (I.R.C. § 3134, ERC for Q3-Q4 2021); § 9641 (I.R.C. §§ 3131-3133, voluntary paid leave credits Apr. 1 - Sept. 30, 2021); § 9817 (HCBS FMAP increase) (Ex. FED-174)	/library/FED-174	/exhibit/FED-174
Ex. FED-180	Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020)	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 10, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Declaration Under the PREP Act for Medical Countermeasures Against COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 15198 (Mar. 17, 2020; effective Feb. 4, 2020) (Mar. 10, 2020) (Ex. FED-180)	/library/FED-180	/exhibit/FED-180
Ex. FED-181	Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for…	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Feb. 4, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Determination of Public Health Emergency and Declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of in vitro diagnostics for 2019-nCoV (Feb. 4, 2020) (Ex. FED-181)	/library/FED-181	/exhibit/FED-181
Ex. FED-182	Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 2, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Declaration: personal respiratory protective devices (Mar. 2, 2020) (Ex. FED-182)	/library/FED-182	/exhibit/FED-182
Ex. FED-184	Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: drugs and biological products	Secretary of Health and Human Services	Mar. 27, 2020	Secretary of Health and Human Services, Emergency Use Authorization Declaration: drugs and biological products (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-184)	/library/FED-184	/exhibit/FED-184
Ex. FED-185	Emergency Use Authorization letter: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 11, 2020; reissued and amended thereafter)	Food and Drug Administration, HHS (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research)	Dec. 11, 2020	Food and Drug Administration, HHS (Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research), Emergency Use Authorization letter: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 11, 2020; reissued and amended thereafter) (Ex. FED-185)	/library/FED-185	/exhibit/FED-185
Ex. FED-186	Emergency Use Authorization letter: Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 18, 2020; reissued thereafter)	Food and Drug Administration, HHS	Dec. 18, 2020	Food and Drug Administration, HHS, Emergency Use Authorization letter: Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (Dec. 18, 2020; reissued thereafter) (Ex. FED-186)	/library/FED-186	/exhibit/FED-186
Ex. FED-187	Emergency Use Authorization letter: Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (Feb. 27, 2021; reissued thereafter; revoked June 1, 2023)	Food and Drug Administration, HHS	Feb. 27, 2021	Food and Drug Administration, HHS, Emergency Use Authorization letter: Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (Feb. 27, 2021; reissued thereafter; revoked June 1, 2023) (Ex. FED-187)	/library/FED-187	/exhibit/FED-187
Ex. FED-190	The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC)	Mar. 16, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-190)	/library/FED-190	/exhibit/FED-190
Ex. FED-191	30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020)	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force	Mar. 31, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, 30 Days to Slow the Spread (extension of the March 16 guidelines through April 30, 2020) (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-191)	/library/FED-191	/exhibit/FED-191
Ex. FED-192	Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020)	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force	Apr. 16, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force, Guidelines for Opening Up America Again (Apr. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-192)	/library/FED-192	/exhibit/FED-192
Ex. FED-194	Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency	HHS Office for Civil Rights	Mar. 17, 2020	HHS Office for Civil Rights, Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-194)	/library/FED-194	/exhibit/FED-194
Ex. FED-200	Proclamation 9984	President Donald J. Trump	Jan. 31, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9984 (Jan. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-200)	/library/FED-200	/exhibit/FED-200
Ex. FED-201	Proclamation 9992	President Donald J. Trump	Feb. 29, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9992 (Feb. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-201)	/library/FED-201	/exhibit/FED-201
Ex. FED-202	Proclamation 9993	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 11, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9993 (Mar. 11, 2020) (Ex. FED-202)	/library/FED-202	/exhibit/FED-202
Ex. FED-203	Proclamation 9996	President Donald J. Trump	Mar. 14, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 9996 (Mar. 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-203)	/library/FED-203	/exhibit/FED-203
Ex. FED-204	Proclamation 10041	President Donald J. Trump	May 24, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10041 (May 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-204)	/library/FED-204	/exhibit/FED-204
Ex. FED-207	Proclamation 10143	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Jan. 25, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10143 (Jan. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-207)	/library/FED-207	/exhibit/FED-207
Ex. FED-208	Proclamation 10199	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Apr. 30, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10199 (Apr. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-208)	/library/FED-208	/exhibit/FED-208
Ex. FED-209	Proclamation 10294	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Oct. 25, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10294 (Oct. 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-209)	/library/FED-209	/exhibit/FED-209
Ex. FED-210	Proclamation 10014	President Donald J. Trump	Apr. 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10014 (Apr. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-210)	/library/FED-210	/exhibit/FED-210
Ex. FED-211	Proclamation 10052	President Donald J. Trump	June 22, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10052 (June 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-211)	/library/FED-211	/exhibit/FED-211
Ex. FED-212	Proclamation 10054	President Donald J. Trump	June 29, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10054 (June 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-212)	/library/FED-212	/exhibit/FED-212
Ex. FED-213	Proclamation 10131	President Donald J. Trump	Dec. 31, 2020	President Donald J. Trump, Proclamation 10131 (Dec. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-213)	/library/FED-213	/exhibit/FED-213
Ex. FED-214	Proclamation 10149	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr.	Feb. 24, 2021	President Joseph R. Biden, Jr, Proclamation 10149 (Feb. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-214)	/library/FED-214	/exhibit/FED-214
Ex. FED-216	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Canada, 85 Fed. Reg. 16548…	U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with U.S. Customs and Border Protection	Mar. 24, 2020	U.S. Department of Homeland Security (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Canada, 85 Fed. Reg. 16548 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-216)	/library/FED-216	/exhibit/FED-216
Ex. FED-217	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 22352 (Apr. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Apr. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 22352 (Apr. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-217)	/library/FED-217	/exhibit/FED-217
Ex. FED-219	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 37744 (June 24, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	June 24, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 37744 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-219)	/library/FED-219	/exhibit/FED-219
Ex. FED-222	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 59670 (Sept. 23, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Sept. 23, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 59670 (Sept. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-222)	/library/FED-222	/exhibit/FED-222
Ex. FED-225	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 83432 (Dec. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Dec. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 85 Fed. Reg. 83432 (Dec. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-225)	/library/FED-225	/exhibit/FED-225
Ex. FED-226	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021)	DHS	Jan. 19, 2021	DHS, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-226)	/library/FED-226	/exhibit/FED-226
Ex. FED-229	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 14812 (Mar. 19, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Mar. 19, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 14812 (Mar. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-229)	/library/FED-229	/exhibit/FED-229
Ex. FED-232	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 32764 (June 23, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	June 23, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 32764 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-232)	/library/FED-232	/exhibit/FED-232
Ex. FED-235	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 52609 (Sept. 22, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Sept. 22, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Canada), 86 Fed. Reg. 52609 (Sept. 22, 2021) (Ex. FED-235)	/library/FED-235	/exhibit/FED-235
Ex. FED-239	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Mexico, 85 Fed. Reg. 16547…	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with CBP	Mar. 24, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), with CBP, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions Applicable to Land Ports of Entry and Ferries Service Between the United States and Mexico, 85 Fed. Reg. 16547 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-239)	/library/FED-239	/exhibit/FED-239
Ex. FED-240	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 22353 (Apr. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Apr. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 22353 (Apr. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-240)	/library/FED-240	/exhibit/FED-240
Ex. FED-242	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 37745 (June 24, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	June 24, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 37745 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-242)	/library/FED-242	/exhibit/FED-242
Ex. FED-245	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 59669 (Sept. 23, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Sept. 23, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 59669 (Sept. 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-245)	/library/FED-245	/exhibit/FED-245
Ex. FED-248	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 83433 (Dec. 22, 2020)	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf)	Dec. 22, 2020	DHS (Acting Secretary Chad F. Wolf), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 85 Fed. Reg. 83433 (Dec. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-248)	/library/FED-248	/exhibit/FED-248
Ex. FED-249	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021)	DHS	Jan. 19, 2021	DHS, Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico); Correction, 86 Fed. Reg. 4967 (Jan. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-249)	/library/FED-249	/exhibit/FED-249
Ex. FED-252	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 14813 (Mar. 19, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Mar. 19, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 14813 (Mar. 19, 2021) (Ex. FED-252)	/library/FED-252	/exhibit/FED-252
Ex. FED-255	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 32766 (June 23, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	June 23, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 32766 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-255)	/library/FED-255	/exhibit/FED-255
Ex. FED-258	Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 52611 (Sept. 22, 2021)	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas)	Sept. 22, 2021	DHS (Secretary Alejandro N. Mayorkas), Notification of Temporary Travel Restrictions (Mexico), 86 Fed. Reg. 52611 (Sept. 22, 2021) (Ex. FED-258)	/library/FED-258	/exhibit/FED-258
Ex. FED-262	OMB Memorandum M-20-13	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought)	Mar. 12, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-13 (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-262)	/library/FED-262	/exhibit/FED-262
Ex. FED-263	OMB Memorandum M-20-15	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought)	Mar. 15, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-15 (Mar. 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-263)	/library/FED-263	/exhibit/FED-263
Ex. FED-264	OMB Memorandum M-20-16	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought)	Mar. 17, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought), OMB Memorandum M-20-16 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-264)	/library/FED-264	/exhibit/FED-264
Ex. FED-266	OMB Memorandum M-20-18	Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management)	Mar. 20, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Deputy Director for Management), OMB Memorandum M-20-18 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-266)	/library/FED-266	/exhibit/FED-266
Ex. FED-267	OMB Memorandum M-20-19	Office of Management and Budget	Mar. 22, 2020	Office of Management and Budget, OMB Memorandum M-20-19 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-267)	/library/FED-267	/exhibit/FED-267
Ex. FED-268	OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas)	Apr. 20, 2020	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Russell T. Vought) and Office of Personnel Management (Acting Director Michael J. Rigas), OMB/OPM Memorandum M-20-23 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-268)	/library/FED-268	/exhibit/FED-268
Ex. FED-270	Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…	Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force	Jan. 24, 2021	Office of Management and Budget (Executive Associate Director Aviva Aron-Dine) with the Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Jan. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-270)	/library/FED-270	/exhibit/FED-270
Ex. FED-271	OMB Memorandum M-21-25	Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration	June 10, 2021	Office of Management and Budget, Office of Personnel Management and General Services Administration, OMB Memorandum M-21-25 (June 10, 2021) (Ex. FED-271)	/library/FED-271	/exhibit/FED-271
Ex. FED-272	COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB	July 29, 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OPM, GSA, White House COVID-19 Response Coordinator) under Executive Order 13991 § 4, with OMB, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Agency Model Safety Principles (revised July 29, 2021), following the OMB memorandum of July 27, 2021 reinstating masks (Ex. FED-272)	/library/FED-272	/exhibit/FED-272
Ex. FED-274	Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and…	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force; approved by the Director of OMB	Sept. 24, 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force; approved by the Director of OMB, Executive Order 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 50985 (Sept. 9, 2021); Safer Federal Workforce Task Force, COVID-19 Workplace Safety: Guidance for Federal Contractors and Subcontractors (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB determination (Sept. 24, 2021); OMB M-21-15, M-21-25 and Model Safety Principles (Ex. FED-274)	/library/FED-274	/exhibit/FED-274
Ex. FED-275	Determination of the Promotion of Economy and Efficiency in Federal Contracting Pursuant to Executive Order No. 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 53691 (Sept. 28, 2021)	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Shalanda D. Young)	Sept. 24, 2021	Office of Management and Budget (Acting Director Shalanda D. Young), Determination of the Promotion of Economy and Efficiency in Federal Contracting Pursuant to Executive Order No. 14042, 86 Fed. Reg. 53691 (Sept. 28, 2021) (Sept. 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-275)	/library/FED-275	/exhibit/FED-275
Ex. FED-278	Certification of Vaccination form (employees, onsite contractors and visitors), August 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OMB control number 3206-0277)	Aug. 6, 2021	Safer Federal Workforce Task Force (OMB control number 3206-0277), Certification of Vaccination form (employees, onsite contractors and visitors), August 2021 (Aug. 6, 2021) (Ex. FED-278)	/library/FED-278	/exhibit/FED-278
Ex. FED-279	Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access)	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer)	Mar. 16, 2020	United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (Order filed by the Clerk, Molly C. Dwyer), Order of March 16, 2020 (COVID-19 building access) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-279)	/library/FED-279	/exhibit/FED-279
Ex. FED-280	Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Update to Conditions-based Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions	Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III	Mar. 15, 2021	Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III, Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Update to Conditions-based Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions (Mar. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-280)	/library/FED-280	/exhibit/FED-280
Ex. FED-281	Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Stop Movement for all Domestic Travel for DoD Components in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019	Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist	Mar. 13, 2020	Deputy Secretary of Defense David L. Norquist, Deputy Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Stop Movement for all Domestic Travel for DoD Components in Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Mar. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-281)	/library/FED-281	/exhibit/FED-281
Ex. FED-282	Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Modification and Reissuance of DoD Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 - Travel Restrictions	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper	Apr. 20, 2020	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper, Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Modification and Reissuance of DoD Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 - Travel Restrictions (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-282)	/library/FED-282	/exhibit/FED-282
Ex. FED-283	Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Transition to Conditions-based Phased Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions (May 22…	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper	May 22, 2020	Secretary of Defense Mark T. Esper, Secretary of Defense Memorandum, Transition to Conditions-based Phased Approach to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Personnel Movement and Travel Restrictions (May 22, 2020), updated June 29, 2020 and Oct. 5, 2020 (Ex. FED-283)	/library/FED-283	/exhibit/FED-283
Ex. FED-284	Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042	Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips	Mar. 19, 2020	Chief Judge Virginia A. Phillips, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-042 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-284)	/library/FED-284	/exhibit/FED-284
Ex. FED-285	Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez	June 1, 2020	Chief Judge Philip S. Gutierrez, Order of the Chief Judge No. 20-078 (June 1, 2020) (Ex. FED-285)	/library/FED-285	/exhibit/FED-285
Ex. FED-286	General Docket Order 2020-4 (COVID-19; court operations), Mar. 25, 2020	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (General Docket Order; certified copy issued by the Clerk Mar. 25, 2020)	Mar. 25, 2020	United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (General Docket Order; certified copy issued by the Clerk Mar. 25, 2020), General Docket Order 2020-4 (COVID-19; court operations), Mar. 25, 2020 (Ex. FED-286)	/library/FED-286	/exhibit/FED-286
Ex. FED-287	General Order No. 44 (entrance protocols; COVID-19)	United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit		United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, General Order No. 44 (entrance protocols; COVID-19) (Ex. FED-287)	/library/FED-287	/exhibit/FED-287
Ex. FED-288	General Order 2020-8	Chief Judge Philip A. Brimmer	May 6, 2020	Chief Judge Philip A. Brimmer, General Order 2020-8 (May 6, 2020) (Ex. FED-288)	/library/FED-288	/exhibit/FED-288
Ex. FED-289	General Order 20-10 (court operations under COVID-19, March 2020) and its successors General Orders 20-11 through 20-30 (2020) and 21-11 (June 17, 2021)	Chief Judge G. Murray Snow	June 17, 2021	Chief Judge G. Murray Snow, General Order 20-10 (court operations under COVID-19, March 2020) and its successors General Orders 20-11 through 20-30 (2020) and 21-11 (June 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-289)	/library/FED-289
Ex. FED-290	Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Mar. 12, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 12, 2020 (Building closed to the public) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-290)	/library/FED-290
Ex. FED-291	Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Mar. 16, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of March 16, 2020 (postponement of the March 2020 argument session) (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-291)	/library/FED-291	/exhibit/FED-291
Ex. FED-292	Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List)	Supreme Court of the United States	Mar. 19, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States, Order of March 19, 2020, 589 U.S. (Order List) (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. FED-292)	/library/FED-292	/exhibit/FED-292
Ex. FED-293	Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Apr. 3, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 3, 2020 (postponement of the April 2020 argument session) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. FED-293)	/library/FED-293	/exhibit/FED-293
Ex. FED-294	Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020)	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office)	Apr. 13, 2020	Supreme Court of the United States (Public Information Office), Press release of April 13, 2020 (telephone arguments in May 2020) (Apr. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-294)	/library/FED-294	/exhibit/FED-294
Ex. FED-295	Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of…	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020	Mar. 29, 2020	Judicial Conference of the United States (finding of Mar. 29, 2020), announced by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts on Mar. 31, 2020, Judicial Conference finding under CARES Act § 15002 that emergency conditions due to the COVID-19 national emergency will materially affect the functioning of the federal courts generally (Mar. 29, 2020) (Ex. FED-295)	/library/FED-295	/exhibit/FED-295
Ex. FED-296	Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	Feb. 12, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Tenth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Feb. 12, 2021) (Ex. FED-296)	/library/FED-296	/exhibit/FED-296
Ex. FED-297	Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021)	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee)	May 26, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (May 26, 2021) (Ex. FED-297)	/library/FED-297	/exhibit/FED-297
Ex. FED-298	Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021)	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee)	Sept. 15, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer (Executive Committee), Amended General Order 21-0006 (Sept. 15, 2021) (Ex. FED-298)	/library/FED-298	/exhibit/FED-298
Ex. FED-299	Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	July 30, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Third Amended Order Concerning Face Masks/Coverings in Public Areas of Courthouses (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-299)	/library/FED-299	/exhibit/FED-299
Ex. FED-300	General Order 21-0033	Executive Committee and Restart Task Force of the Court (unanimous vote)	Sept. 20, 2021	Executive Committee and Restart Task Force of the Court (unanimous vote), General Order 21-0033 (Sept. 20, 2021) (Ex. FED-300)	/library/FED-300	/exhibit/FED-300
Ex. FED-301	Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	June 21, 2021	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Fifth Amended General Order 20-0022 (June 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-301)	/library/FED-301	/exhibit/FED-301
Ex. FED-302	Standing Order 20-13	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	May 22, 2020	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-13 (May 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-302)	/library/FED-302	/exhibit/FED-302
Ex. FED-303	Standing Order 20-17	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Nov. 25, 2020	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 20-17 (Nov. 25, 2020) (Ex. FED-303)	/library/FED-303	/exhibit/FED-303
Ex. FED-304	Third Extension of Standing Order 20-12	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Dec. 17, 2020	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Third Extension of Standing Order 20-12 (Dec. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-304)	/library/FED-304	/exhibit/FED-304
Ex. FED-305	Standing Order 21-02	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Mar. 17, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-02 (Mar. 17, 2021) (Ex. FED-305)	/library/FED-305	/exhibit/FED-305
Ex. FED-306	Standing Order 21-04	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Mar. 11, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-04 (Mar. 11, 2021) (Ex. FED-306)	/library/FED-306	/exhibit/FED-306
Ex. FED-307	Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Sept. 3, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Updated Amended Standing Order 21-04 (Sept. 3, 2021) (Ex. FED-307)	/library/FED-307	/exhibit/FED-307
Ex. FED-308	Standing Order 21-08	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson	Sept. 13, 2021	Chief Judge Freda L. Wolfson, Standing Order 21-08 (Sept. 13, 2021) (Ex. FED-308)	/library/FED-308	/exhibit/FED-308
Ex. FED-310	Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	Mar. 20, 2020	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Second Amended Standing Order 2020-02 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-310)	/library/FED-310	/exhibit/FED-310
Ex. FED-311	Standing Order 2020-04	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	Mar. 16, 2020	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-04 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-311)	/library/FED-311	/exhibit/FED-311
Ex. FED-312	Standing Order 2020-05	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	Mar. 20, 2020	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Standing Order 2020-05 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-312)	/library/FED-312	/exhibit/FED-312
Ex. FED-313	Amended Standing Order 2021-07	Chief Judge James K. Bredar	June 23, 2021	Chief Judge James K. Bredar, Amended Standing Order 2021-07 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-313)	/library/FED-313	/exhibit/FED-313
Ex. FED-316	Fourth Amendment to General Order 20-01	Chief Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr.	July 31, 2020	Chief Judge Thomas W. Thrash, Jr, Fourth Amendment to General Order 20-01 (July 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-316)	/library/FED-316	/exhibit/FED-316
Ex. FED-317	General Order 72	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	Mar. 16, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-317)	/library/FED-317	/exhibit/FED-317
Ex. FED-318	General Order 72-2	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	Apr. 30, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-2 (Apr. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-318)	/library/FED-318	/exhibit/FED-318
Ex. FED-319	Important Announcement on H2 Visas (Mar. 26, 2020): expanded interview-waiver processing for H-2A and H-2B applicants during the suspension of routine visa…	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	Mar. 26, 2020	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Important Announcement on H2 Visas (Mar. 26, 2020): expanded interview-waiver processing for H-2A and H-2B applicants during the suspension of routine visa services (Ex. FED-319)	/library/FED-319
Ex. FED-320	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 21739 (Apr. 20, 2020) (temporary final rule)	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services	Apr. 20, 2020	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 21739 (Apr. 20, 2020) (temporary final rule) (Ex. FED-320)	/library/FED-320	/exhibit/FED-320
Ex. FED-321	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2B Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 28843 (May 14, 2020) (temporary final rule)	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, USCIS	May 14, 2020	U.S. Department of Homeland Security, USCIS, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2B Nonimmigrants Due to the COVID-19 National Emergency, 85 Fed. Reg. 28843 (May 14, 2020) (temporary final rule) (Ex. FED-321)	/library/FED-321	/exhibit/FED-321
Ex. FED-322	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due To the COVID-19 National Emergency: Partial Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg.…	DHS, USCIS	Aug. 20, 2020	DHS, USCIS, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants Due To the COVID-19 National Emergency: Partial Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg. 51304 (Aug. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-322)	/library/FED-322	/exhibit/FED-322
Ex. FED-323	Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants due to the COVID-19 National Emergency: Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg. 82291…	DHS, USCIS	Dec. 18, 2020	DHS, USCIS, Temporary Changes to Requirements Affecting H-2A Nonimmigrants due to the COVID-19 National Emergency: Extension of Certain Flexibilities, 85 Fed. Reg. 82291 (Dec. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-323)	/library/FED-323	/exhibit/FED-323
Ex. FED-324	USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services	Mar. 17, 2020	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of Mar. 17, 2020: USCIS Temporarily Closing Offices to the Public (Mar. 18 - Apr. 1, 2020), extended to May 3 and then to June 3, 2020 (Ex. FED-324)	/library/FED-324	/exhibit/FED-324
Ex. FED-325	USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services	May 27, 2020	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, USCIS alert of May 27, 2020: USCIS Preparing to Resume Public Services on June 4 (Ex. FED-325)	/library/FED-325	/exhibit/FED-325
Ex. FED-327	Suspension of Routine Visa Services (announcement of Mar. 18, 2020, last updated Mar. 20, 2020)	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	Mar. 20, 2020	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Suspension of Routine Visa Services (announcement of Mar. 18, 2020, last updated Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. FED-327)	/library/FED-327	/exhibit/FED-327
Ex. FED-328	Phased Resumption of Routine Visa Services (announcement of July 14, 2020)	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs	July 14, 2020	U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Phased Resumption of Routine Visa Services (announcement of July 14, 2020) (Ex. FED-328)	/library/FED-328	/exhibit/FED-328
Ex. FED-331	General Order 72-4	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	June 24, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-4 (June 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-331)	/library/FED-331	/exhibit/FED-331
Ex. FED-332	General Order 72-5	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	July 23, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-5 (July 23, 2020) (Ex. FED-332)	/library/FED-332	/exhibit/FED-332
Ex. FED-333	General Order 72-6	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	Sept. 16, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 72-6 (Sept. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-333)	/library/FED-333	/exhibit/FED-333
Ex. FED-334	General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020)	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	May 21, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 73 (Amended May 21, 2020) (Ex. FED-334)	/library/FED-334	/exhibit/FED-334
Ex. FED-335	General Order 75	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	Mar. 30, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 75 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-335)	/library/FED-335	/exhibit/FED-335
Ex. FED-336	General Order 77	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton	June 9, 2020	Chief Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton, General Order 77 (June 9, 2020) (Ex. FED-336)	/library/FED-336	/exhibit/FED-336
Ex. FED-337	General Order 78	Chief Judge Richard Seeborg	June 23, 2021	Chief Judge Richard Seeborg, General Order 78 (June 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-337)	/library/FED-337	/exhibit/FED-337
Ex. FED-338	General Order 20-0012 (original)	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	Mar. 12, 2020	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, General Order 20-0012 (original) (Mar. 12, 2020) (Ex. FED-338)	/library/FED-338	/exhibit/FED-338
Ex. FED-339	Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer	Nov. 13, 2020	Chief Judge Rebecca R. Pallmeyer, Eighth Amended General Order 20-0012 (Nov. 13, 2020) (Ex. FED-339)	/library/FED-339	/exhibit/FED-339
Ex. FED-340	CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video…	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020)	Mar. 27, 2020	Congress (Pub. L. 116-136, signed Mar. 27, 2020), CARES Act §§ 4022-4024 (foreclosure moratorium and forbearance; multifamily forbearance; temporary moratorium on eviction filings) and § 15002 (video teleconferencing for criminal proceedings) (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-340)	/library/FED-340	/exhibit/FED-340
Ex. FED-342	Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised) (Apr. 7, 2020…	Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA, OCC, CFPB and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors	Apr. 7, 2020	Federal Reserve Board, FDIC, NCUA, OCC, CFPB and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors, Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised) (Apr. 7, 2020; original Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-342)	/library/FED-342	/exhibit/FED-342
Ex. FED-343	Treatment of Certain COVID-19 Related Loss Mitigation Options Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) (Regulation X) (interim final rule), 85…	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection	June 30, 2020	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Treatment of Certain COVID-19 Related Loss Mitigation Options Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) (Regulation X) (interim final rule), 85 Fed. Reg. 39055 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. FED-343)	/library/FED-343	/exhibit/FED-343
Ex. FED-344	Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg.…	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection	June 25, 2021	Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, Protections for Borrowers Affected by the COVID-19 Emergency Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), Regulation X (final rule), 86 Fed. Reg. 34848 (June 30, 2021) (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-344)	/library/FED-344	/exhibit/FED-344
Ex. FED-345	Memorandum of August 8, 2020, Continued Student Loan Payment Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 85 Fed. Reg. 49585 (Aug. 13, 2020)	President Donald J. Trump (Memorandum for the Secretary of Education)	Aug. 8, 2020	President Donald J. Trump (Memorandum for the Secretary of Education), Memorandum of August 8, 2020, Continued Student Loan Payment Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic, 85 Fed. Reg. 49585 (Aug. 13, 2020) (Aug. 8, 2020) (Ex. FED-345)	/library/FED-345	/exhibit/FED-345
Ex. FED-346	FHFA news release of Mar. 18, 2020: FHFA Suspends Foreclosures and Evictions for Enterprise-Backed Mortgages	Federal Housing Finance Agency (Director Mark Calabria), directing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac	Mar. 18, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency (Director Mark Calabria), directing Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, FHFA news release of Mar. 18, 2020: FHFA Suspends Foreclosures and Evictions for Enterprise-Backed Mortgages (Ex. FED-346)	/library/FED-346	/exhibit/FED-346
Ex. FED-348	FHFA news release of June 17, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and Eviction Moratorium (to Aug. 31, 2020)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	June 17, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of June 17, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and Eviction Moratorium (to Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-348)	/library/FED-348	/exhibit/FED-348
Ex. FED-349	FHFA news release of Aug. 27, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Dec. 31, 2020)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	Aug. 27, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of Aug. 27, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Dec. 31, 2020) (Ex. FED-349)	/library/FED-349	/exhibit/FED-349
Ex. FED-350	FHFA news release of Dec. 2, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Jan. 31, 2021)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	Dec. 2, 2020	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of Dec. 2, 2020: FHFA Extends Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to Jan. 31, 2021) (Ex. FED-350)	/library/FED-350	/exhibit/FED-350
Ex. FED-353	FHFA news release of Feb. 25, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Forbearance Period and Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to June 30, 2021; forbearance to 18…	Federal Housing Finance Agency	Feb. 25, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of Feb. 25, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Forbearance Period and Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to June 30, 2021; forbearance to 18 months) (Ex. FED-353)	/library/FED-353	/exhibit/FED-353
Ex. FED-354	FHFA news release of June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to July 31, 2021)	Federal Housing Finance Agency	June 24, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release of June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (to July 31, 2021) (Ex. FED-354)	/library/FED-354	/exhibit/FED-354
Ex. FED-355	FHFA news release of July 30, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 REO Eviction Moratorium Through September 30, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency (with the Agencies' Joint Statement on Agency Actions to Prevent Evictions of the same date)	July 30, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency (with the Agencies' Joint Statement on Agency Actions to Prevent Evictions of the same date), FHFA news release of July 30, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 REO Eviction Moratorium Through September 30, 2021 (Ex. FED-355)	/library/FED-355	/exhibit/FED-355
Ex. FED-356	Mortgagee Letter 2020-04	U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration (Assistant Secretary for Housing - Federal Housing Commissioner)	Mar. 18, 2020	U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration (Assistant Secretary for Housing - Federal Housing Commissioner), Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-356)	/library/FED-356	/exhibit/FED-356
Ex. FED-359	Mortgagee Letter 2020-19	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	June 17, 2020	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-19 (June 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-359)	/library/FED-359
Ex. FED-360	Mortgagee Letter 2020-27	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Aug. 27, 2020	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-27 (Aug. 27, 2020) (Ex. FED-360)	/library/FED-360	/exhibit/FED-360
Ex. FED-361	Mortgagee Letter 2020-43	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Dec. 17, 2020	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-43 (Dec. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-361)	/library/FED-361	/exhibit/FED-361
Ex. FED-362	Mortgagee Letter 2021-03	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Jan. 21, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-03 (Jan. 21, 2021) (Ex. FED-362)	/library/FED-362	/exhibit/FED-362
Ex. FED-363	Mortgagee Letter 2021-05	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Feb. 16, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-05 (Feb. 16, 2021) (Ex. FED-363)	/library/FED-363	/exhibit/FED-363
Ex. FED-364	Mortgagee Letter 2021-15	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	June 25, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-15 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-364)	/library/FED-364	/exhibit/FED-364
Ex. FED-365	Mortgagee Letter 2021-18	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	July 23, 2021	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2021-18 (July 23, 2021) (Ex. FED-365)	/library/FED-365	/exhibit/FED-365
Ex. FED-367	Circular 26-20-7	Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service	Mar. 16, 2020	Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Benefits Administration, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-7 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. FED-367)	/library/FED-367	/exhibit/FED-367
Ex. FED-368	Circular 26-20-8	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Mar. 18, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-8 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-368)	/library/FED-368	/exhibit/FED-368
Ex. FED-369	Circular 26-20-12	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Apr. 8, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-12 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. FED-369)	/library/FED-369	/exhibit/FED-369
Ex. FED-371	Circular 26-20-22	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	June 17, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-22 (June 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-371)	/library/FED-371	/exhibit/FED-371
Ex. FED-372	Circular 26-20-23	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	June 18, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-23 (June 18, 2020) (Ex. FED-372)	/library/FED-372	/exhibit/FED-372
Ex. FED-373	Circular 26-20-29	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Aug. 24, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-29 (Aug. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-373)	/library/FED-373	/exhibit/FED-373
Ex. FED-374	Circular 26-20-30	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Aug. 24, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-30 (Aug. 24, 2020) (Ex. FED-374)	/library/FED-374	/exhibit/FED-374
Ex. FED-375	Circular 26-20-40	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Dec. 28, 2020	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-20-40 (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. FED-375)	/library/FED-375	/exhibit/FED-375
Ex. FED-376	Circular 26-21-2	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Jan. 29, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-2 (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-376)	/library/FED-376	/exhibit/FED-376
Ex. FED-377	Circular 26-21-5	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Feb. 16, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-5 (Feb. 16, 2021) (Ex. FED-377)	/library/FED-377
Ex. FED-378	Circular 26-21-10	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	June 25, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-10 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. FED-378)	/library/FED-378	/exhibit/FED-378
Ex. FED-379	Circular 26-21-14	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	July 30, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-14 (July 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-379)	/library/FED-379	/exhibit/FED-379
Ex. FED-380	Circular 26-21-20	VA, Loan Guaranty Service	Sept. 29, 2021	VA, Loan Guaranty Service, Circular 26-21-20 (Sept. 29, 2021) (Ex. FED-380)	/library/FED-380	/exhibit/FED-380
Ex. FED-382	USDA Rural Development releases of Dec. 2020, Jan. 2021 and Feb. 16-17, 2021 extending the Single Family Housing foreclosure and eviction moratorium and…	USDA Rural Development	Dec. 28, 2020	USDA Rural Development, USDA Rural Development releases of Dec. 2020, Jan. 2021 and Feb. 16-17, 2021 extending the Single Family Housing foreclosure and eviction moratorium and forbearance options (to Jan. 31, Feb. 28 and June 30, 2021) (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. FED-382)	/library/FED-382
Ex. FED-384	USDA Rural Development release of June 24-25, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Foreclosure Moratorium and Provides Relief (moratorium to July 31, 2021…	USDA Rural Development (with the White House announcement of June 24, 2021)	June 24, 2021	USDA Rural Development (with the White House announcement of June 24, 2021), USDA Rural Development release of June 24-25, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Foreclosure Moratorium and Provides Relief (moratorium to July 31, 2021; forbearance enrollment to Sept. 30, 2021) (June 24, 2021) (Ex. FED-384)	/library/FED-384
Ex. FED-385	USDA Rural Development release of July 30, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Eviction Moratorium for Homeowners (to Sept. 30, 2021)	USDA Rural Development (with the Agencies' Joint Statement of July 30, 2021)	July 30, 2021	USDA Rural Development (with the Agencies' Joint Statement of July 30, 2021), USDA Rural Development release of July 30, 2021: Biden-Harris Administration Extends Eviction Moratorium for Homeowners (to Sept. 30, 2021) (Ex. FED-385)	/library/FED-385	/exhibit/FED-385
Ex. FED-386	Secretary of the Interior memorandum, Ensuring the Continued Performance of the Mission of the Department of the Interior during the Global Coronavirus…	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt	Mar. 22, 2020	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt, Secretary of the Interior memorandum, Ensuring the Continued Performance of the Mission of the Department of the Interior during the Global Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. FED-386)	/library/FED-386	/exhibit/FED-386
Ex. FED-387	NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify…	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service	Mar. 18, 2020	Secretary of the Interior David L. Bernhardt; National Park Service, NPS news release of Mar. 18, 2020: National Park Service to Temporarily Suspend Park Entrance Fees (with the accompanying direction that superintendents modify operations and close facilities) (Ex. FED-387)	/library/FED-387	/exhibit/FED-387
Ex. FED-389	BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon	Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers	Mar. 27, 2020	Bureau of Land Management, Oregon/Washington State Office and District Managers, BLM news release of Mar. 27, 2020: BLM temporarily closes developed recreation facilities in Oregon (Ex. FED-389)	/library/FED-389	/exhibit/FED-389
Ex. FED-390	Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors	Bureau of Reclamation	Mar. 17, 2020	Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation news release of Mar. 17, 2020: Hoover Dam temporarily closed to all visitors (Ex. FED-390)	/library/FED-390	/exhibit/FED-390
Ex. FED-391	USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area	Mar. 23, 2020	U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Production and Conservation mission area, USDA announcement of Mar. 23, 2020: USDA Service Centers Open for Business by Phone Appointment Only (Ex. FED-391)	/library/FED-391
Ex. FED-393	USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain…	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders	Mar. 17, 2020	U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Headquarters and district commanders, USACE district closures of recreation areas, campgrounds, visitor centers and project offices (March 2020); HQ release 'Army Corps-managed campgrounds to remain closed until further notice' (April 2020); gradual reopening release of May 21, 2020 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. FED-393)	/library/FED-393
Ex. FED-396	The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020), extended Mar. 29, 2020 as 30 Days to Slow the Spread through…	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC)	Mar. 16, 2020	The President and the White House Coronavirus Task Force (with CDC), The President's Coronavirus Guidelines for America: 15 Days to Slow the Spread (Mar. 16, 2020), extended Mar. 29, 2020 as 30 Days to Slow the Spread through Apr. 30, 2020 (Ex. FED-396)	/library/FED-396	/exhibit/FED-396
Ex. FED-398	H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health…	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020)	May 15, 2020	U.S. House of Representatives (H.Res. 965, 116th Cong., agreed to May 15, 2020), H.Res. 965, Authorizing remote voting by proxy in the House of Representatives and providing for official remote committee proceedings during a public health emergency due to a novel coronavirus (May 15, 2020) (Ex. FED-398)	/library/FED-398	/exhibit/FED-398
Ex. LAW-001	CARES Act, Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Statutes at Large pages; sec. 2301 at 347-351)	United States Congress	Mar. 27, 2020	United States Congress, CARES Act, Pub. L. 116-136, 134 Stat. 281 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Statutes at Large pages; sec. 2301 at 347-351) (Ex. LAW-001)	/library/LAW-001	/exhibit/LAW-001
Ex. LAW-002	Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182 (Dec. 27, 2020) (div. EE, Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, secs.…	United States Congress	Dec. 27, 2020	United States Congress, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, Pub. L. 116-260, 134 Stat. 1182 (Dec. 27, 2020) (div. EE, Taxpayer Certainty and Disaster Tax Relief Act of 2020, secs. 206-207 at 134 Stat. 3059-3065) (Ex. LAW-002)	/library/LAW-002	/exhibit/LAW-002
Ex. LAW-003	American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021) (sec. 9651 at 176-182)	United States Congress	Mar. 11, 2021	United States Congress, American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, Pub. L. 117-2, 135 Stat. 4 (Mar. 11, 2021) (sec. 9651 at 176-182) (Ex. LAW-003)	/library/LAW-003	/exhibit/LAW-003
Ex. LAW-004	Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429 (Nov. 15, 2021) (sec. 80604 at 1341)	United States Congress	Nov. 15, 2021	United States Congress, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Pub. L. 117-58, 135 Stat. 429 (Nov. 15, 2021) (sec. 80604 at 1341) (Ex. LAW-004)	/library/LAW-004	/exhibit/LAW-004
Ex. SEC-14-001	Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 55292	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS	Sept. 1, 2020	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 85 Fed. Reg. 55292 (Sept. 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-001)	/library/SEC-14-001	/exhibit/SEC-14-001
Ex. SEC-14-002	Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 8020	CDC, HHS	Jan. 29, 2021	CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 8020 (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-002)	/library/SEC-14-002	/exhibit/SEC-14-002
Ex. SEC-14-003	Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 16731	CDC, HHS	Mar. 29, 2021	CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 16731 (Mar. 29, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-003)	/library/SEC-14-003	/exhibit/SEC-14-003
Ex. SEC-14-004	Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 34010	CDC, HHS	June 24, 2021	CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions (extension), 86 Fed. Reg. 34010 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-004)	/library/SEC-14-004	/exhibit/SEC-14-004
Ex. SEC-14-005	Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Levels of Community Transmission of COVID-19 To Prevent the Further Spread of…	CDC, HHS	Aug. 3, 2021	CDC, HHS, Temporary Halt in Residential Evictions in Communities With Substantial or High Levels of Community Transmission of COVID-19 To Prevent the Further Spread of COVID-19, 86 Fed. Reg. 43244 (Aug. 3, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-005)	/library/SEC-14-005	/exhibit/SEC-14-005
Ex. SEC-14-006	Alabama Association of Realtors v. Department of Health and Human Services, No. 21A23, 594 U.S. ___ (per curiam)	Supreme Court of the United States	Aug. 26, 2021	Supreme Court of the United States, Alabama Association of Realtors v. Department of Health and Human Services, No. 21A23, 594 U.S. ___ (per curiam) (Aug. 26, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-006)	/library/SEC-14-006	/exhibit/SEC-14-006
Ex. SEC-14-007	Real Estate Appraisals; interim final rule, 85 Fed. Reg. 21312	OCC, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, FDIC	Apr. 14, 2020	OCC, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, FDIC, Real Estate Appraisals; interim final rule, 85 Fed. Reg. 21312 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-007)	/library/SEC-14-007	/exhibit/SEC-14-007
Ex. SEC-14-008	Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 3.0	Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, DHS	Apr. 17, 2020	Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, DHS, Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, Version 3.0 (Apr. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-008)	/library/SEC-14-008	/exhibit/SEC-14-008
Ex. SEC-14-009	Mortgagee Letter 2020-04	HUD, Federal Housing Administration	Mar. 18, 2020	HUD, Federal Housing Administration, Mortgagee Letter 2020-04 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-009)	/library/SEC-14-009	/exhibit/SEC-14-009
Ex. SEC-14-010	Mortgagee Letter 2020-05	HUD, FHA	Mar. 27, 2020	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2020-05 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-010)	/library/SEC-14-010	/exhibit/SEC-14-010
Ex. SEC-14-011	Mortgagee Letter 2021-15	HUD, FHA	June 25, 2021	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2021-15 (June 25, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-011)	/library/SEC-14-011	/exhibit/SEC-14-011
Ex. SEC-14-012	Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020)	Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction)	Mar. 23, 2020	Fannie Mae (under FHFA conservatorship direction), Lender Letter LL-2020-04 (Mar. 23, 2020; updated through Dec. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-012)	/library/SEC-14-012	/exhibit/SEC-14-012
Ex. SEC-14-013	FHFA news release, June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums	Federal Housing Finance Agency	June 24, 2021	Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA news release, June 24, 2021: FHFA Extends COVID-19 Foreclosure and REO Eviction Moratoriums (Ex. SEC-14-013)	/library/SEC-14-013	/exhibit/SEC-14-013
Ex. SEC-14-014	Guidance for Determining Whether a Business Enterprise is Subject to a Workforce Reduction Under Recent Executive Orders (real estate clause added Apr. 9, 2020)	Empire State Development Corporation (under EO 202.6 and 202.8)	Apr. 9, 2020	Empire State Development Corporation (under EO 202.6 and 202.8), Guidance for Determining Whether a Business Enterprise is Subject to a Workforce Reduction Under Recent Executive Orders (real estate clause added Apr. 9, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-014)	/library/SEC-14-014	/exhibit/SEC-14-014
Ex. SEC-14-015	Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2)	New York State Department of Health / NY Forward	May 29, 2020	New York State Department of Health / NY Forward, Interim Guidance for Real Estate Services During the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (Phase 2) (May 29, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-015)	/library/SEC-14-015
Ex. SEC-14-016	Executive Order 202.7	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo	Mar. 19, 2020	Governor Andrew M. Cuomo, Executive Order 202.7 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-016)	/library/SEC-14-016
Ex. SEC-14-017	Executive Order No. 106	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Mar. 19, 2020	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 106 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-017)	/library/SEC-14-017	/exhibit/SEC-14-017
Ex. SEC-14-018	Executive Order No. 249	Governor Philip D. Murphy	Aug. 4, 2021	Governor Philip D. Murphy, Executive Order No. 249 (Aug. 4, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-018)	/library/SEC-14-018	/exhibit/SEC-14-018
Ex. SEC-14-019	P.L. 2020, c. 26	New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor)	Apr. 14, 2020	New Jersey Legislature (A-3903; approved by the Governor), P.L. 2020, c. 26 (Apr. 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-019)	/library/SEC-14-019	/exhibit/SEC-14-019
Ex. SEC-14-020	Guidance for Businesses in the Real Estate Industry Permitted to Operate During the COVID-19 Disaster Emergency to Ensure the Safety and Health of Employees and…	Governor Tom Wolf (Office of the Governor and Department of State)	May 19, 2020	Governor Tom Wolf (Office of the Governor and Department of State), Guidance for Businesses in the Real Estate Industry Permitted to Operate During the COVID-19 Disaster Emergency to Ensure the Safety and Health of Employees and the Public (May 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-020)	/library/SEC-14-020	/exhibit/SEC-14-020
Ex. SEC-14-021	Order of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Related to the Dispossession of Property	Governor Tom Wolf	May 7, 2020	Governor Tom Wolf, Order of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Related to the Dispossession of Property (May 7, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-021)	/library/SEC-14-021	/exhibit/SEC-14-021
Ex. SEC-14-022	Order of the Governor Related to Foreclosures and Evictions (extension)	Governor Tom Wolf	July 9, 2020	Governor Tom Wolf, Order of the Governor Related to Foreclosures and Evictions (extension) (July 9, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-022)	/library/SEC-14-022
Ex. SEC-14-023	Executive Order 2020-70	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	May 1, 2020	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-70 (May 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-023)	/library/SEC-14-023	/exhibit/SEC-14-023
Ex. SEC-14-024	Executive Order 2020-19	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	Mar. 20, 2020	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-19 (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-024)	/library/SEC-14-024	/exhibit/SEC-14-024
Ex. SEC-14-025	Executive Order 2020-134	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	June 26, 2020	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-134 (June 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-025)	/library/SEC-14-025	/exhibit/SEC-14-025
Ex. SEC-14-026	Executive Order 2020-41	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	Apr. 8, 2020	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-41 (Apr. 8, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-026)	/library/SEC-14-026	/exhibit/SEC-14-026
Ex. SEC-14-027	Director's Stay at Home Order	Amy Acton, M.D., Director, Ohio Department of Health	Mar. 22, 2020	Amy Acton, M.D., Director, Ohio Department of Health, Director's Stay at Home Order (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-027)	/library/SEC-14-027	/exhibit/SEC-14-027
Ex. SEC-14-028	Executive Order 20-08	Governor Eric J. Holcomb	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Executive Order 20-08 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-028)	/library/SEC-14-028	/exhibit/SEC-14-028
Ex. SEC-14-029	Executive Order 20-06	Governor Eric J. Holcomb	Mar. 19, 2020	Governor Eric J. Holcomb, Executive Order 20-06 (Mar. 19, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-029)	/library/SEC-14-029
Ex. SEC-14-030	Executive Order 2020-257	Governor Andy Beshear	Mar. 25, 2020	Governor Andy Beshear, Executive Order 2020-257 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-030)	/library/SEC-14-030	/exhibit/SEC-14-030
Ex. SEC-14-031	Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73)	Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.)	Mar. 30, 2020	Kentucky General Assembly (2020 Reg. Sess.), Senate Bill 150 (2020 Ky. Acts ch. 73) (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-031)	/library/SEC-14-031	/exhibit/SEC-14-031
Ex. SEC-14-033	Executive Order No. 142	Governor Roy Cooper	May 30, 2020	Governor Roy Cooper, Executive Order No. 142 (May 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-033)	/library/SEC-14-033	/exhibit/SEC-14-033
Ex. SEC-14-034	Session Law 2020-3 (COVID-19 Recovery Act), Part IV, s. 4.1 (Emergency Video Notarization) and s. 4.2 (Emergency Video Witnessing)	North Carolina General Assembly	May 4, 2020	North Carolina General Assembly, Session Law 2020-3 (COVID-19 Recovery Act), Part IV, s. 4.1 (Emergency Video Notarization) and s. 4.2 (Emergency Video Witnessing) (May 4, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-034)	/library/SEC-14-034	/exhibit/SEC-14-034
Ex. SEC-14-035	Executive Order 03.31.20.01	Governor Brian P. Kemp	Mar. 31, 2020	Governor Brian P. Kemp, Executive Order 03.31.20.01 (Mar. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-035)	/library/SEC-14-035	/exhibit/SEC-14-035
Ex. SEC-14-036	Executive Order 2020-12	Governor Douglas A. Ducey	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-12 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-036)	/library/SEC-14-036
Ex. SEC-14-037	Executive Order 2020-14	Governor Douglas A. Ducey	Mar. 24, 2020	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-14 (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-037)	/library/SEC-14-037	/exhibit/SEC-14-037
Ex. SEC-14-038	Executive Order 2020-49	Governor Douglas A. Ducey	July 16, 2020	Governor Douglas A. Ducey, Executive Order 2020-49 (July 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-038)	/library/SEC-14-038
Ex. SEC-14-039	Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02)	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr.	Apr. 3, 2020	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-04-03-01 (amending and restating 20-03-16-02) (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-039)	/library/SEC-14-039
Ex. SEC-14-040	Executive Order 20-03-30-04	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr.	Mar. 30, 2020	Governor Lawrence J. Hogan, Jr, Executive Order 20-03-30-04 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-040)	/library/SEC-14-040	/exhibit/SEC-14-040
Ex. SEC-14-041	Executive Order No. 7Q	Governor Ned Lamont	Mar. 30, 2020	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7Q (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-041)	/library/SEC-14-041	/exhibit/SEC-14-041
Ex. SEC-14-042	Executive Order No. 7X	Governor Ned Lamont	Apr. 10, 2020	Governor Ned Lamont, Executive Order No. 7X (Apr. 10, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-042)	/library/SEC-14-042	/exhibit/SEC-14-042
Ex. SEC-14-043	COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2020, L. 2020, ch. 381	New York State Legislature (S.9114/A.11181)	Dec. 28, 2020	New York State Legislature (S.9114/A.11181), COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2020, L. 2020, ch. 381 (Dec. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-043)	/library/SEC-14-043	/exhibit/SEC-14-043
Ex. SEC-14-044	Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127	New York State Legislature (S.8192-B)	June 30, 2020	New York State Legislature (S.8192-B), Tenant Safe Harbor Act, L. 2020, ch. 127 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-044)	/library/SEC-14-044	/exhibit/SEC-14-044
Ex. SEC-14-045	L. 2021, ch. 417 (extension of the COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act and the COVID-19 Emergency Protect Our Small Businesses Act)	New York State Legislature (S.50001, Extraordinary Session)	Sept. 2, 2021	New York State Legislature (S.50001, Extraordinary Session), L. 2021, ch. 417 (extension of the COVID-19 Emergency Eviction and Foreclosure Prevention Act and the COVID-19 Emergency Protect Our Small Businesses Act) (Sept. 2, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-045)	/library/SEC-14-045	/exhibit/SEC-14-045
Ex. SEC-14-046	Executive Order N-28-20	Governor Gavin Newsom	Mar. 16, 2020	Governor Gavin Newsom, Executive Order N-28-20 (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-046)	/library/SEC-14-046	/exhibit/SEC-14-046
Ex. SEC-14-047	Executive Order N-37-20	Governor Gavin Newsom	Mar. 27, 2020	Governor Gavin Newsom, Executive Order N-37-20 (Mar. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-047)	/library/SEC-14-047	/exhibit/SEC-14-047
Ex. SEC-14-048	Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020)	State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20)	Apr. 28, 2020	State Public Health Officer (under EO N-33-20), Essential Critical Infrastructure Workers list (Mar. 22, 2020; updated Apr. 28, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-048)	/library/SEC-14-048
Ex. SEC-14-049	AB 3088, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Stats. 2020, ch. 37)	California Legislature (AB 3088; approved by the Governor)	Aug. 31, 2020	California Legislature (AB 3088; approved by the Governor), AB 3088, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Stats. 2020, ch. 37) (Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-049)	/library/SEC-14-049	/exhibit/SEC-14-049
Ex. SEC-14-050	SB 91, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act extension and State rental assistance (Stats. 2021, ch. 2)	California Legislature (SB 91)	Jan. 29, 2021	California Legislature (SB 91), SB 91, COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act extension and State rental assistance (Stats. 2021, ch. 2) (Jan. 29, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-050)	/library/SEC-14-050	/exhibit/SEC-14-050
Ex. SEC-14-051	AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27)	California Legislature (AB 832)	June 28, 2021	California Legislature (AB 832), AB 832, COVID-19 Rental Housing Recovery Act (Stats. 2021, ch. 27) (June 28, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-051)	/library/SEC-14-051	/exhibit/SEC-14-051
Ex. SEC-14-052	Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020	Massachusetts General Court (H.4647)	Apr. 20, 2020	Massachusetts General Court (H.4647), Chapter 65 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-052)	/library/SEC-14-052	/exhibit/SEC-14-052
Ex. SEC-14-053	Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020	Massachusetts General Court (S.2645)	Apr. 27, 2020	Massachusetts General Court (S.2645), Chapter 71 of the Acts of 2020 (Apr. 27, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-053)	/library/SEC-14-053	/exhibit/SEC-14-053
Ex. SEC-14-055	Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12)	Governor JB Pritzker	Mar. 26, 2020	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-14 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 12) (Mar. 26, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-055)	/library/SEC-14-055	/exhibit/SEC-14-055
Ex. SEC-14-056	Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28)	Governor JB Pritzker	Apr. 23, 2020	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-30 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 28) (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-056)	/library/SEC-14-056	/exhibit/SEC-14-056
Ex. SEC-14-057	Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8)	Governor JB Pritzker	Mar. 20, 2020	Governor JB Pritzker, Executive Order 2020-10 (COVID-19 Executive Order No. 8) (Mar. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-057)	/library/SEC-14-057	/exhibit/SEC-14-057
Ex. SEC-14-058	Executive Order 20-94	Governor Ron DeSantis	Apr. 2, 2020	Governor Ron DeSantis, Executive Order 20-94 (Apr. 2, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-058)	/library/SEC-14-058
Ex. SEC-14-059	Executive Order 20-211	Governor Ron DeSantis	Aug. 31, 2020	Governor Ron DeSantis, Executive Order 20-211 (Aug. 31, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-059)	/library/SEC-14-059	/exhibit/SEC-14-059
Ex. SEC-14-061	Act 101 (S.333)	Vermont General Assembly (S.333)	May 14, 2020	Vermont General Assembly (S.333), Act 101 (S.333) (May 14, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-061)	/library/SEC-14-061	/exhibit/SEC-14-061
Ex. SEC-14-062	Act 15 of 2020	Pennsylvania General Assembly (S.B. 841)	Apr. 20, 2020	Pennsylvania General Assembly (S.B. 841), Act 15 of 2020 (Apr. 20, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-062)	/library/SEC-14-062	/exhibit/SEC-14-062
Ex. SEC-14-063	Executive Order No. 20-13	Governor Kate Brown	Apr. 1, 2020	Governor Kate Brown, Executive Order No. 20-13 (Apr. 1, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-063)	/library/SEC-14-063	/exhibit/SEC-14-063
Ex. SEC-14-064	Enrolled House Bill 4213	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 First Special Session)	June 30, 2020	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 First Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4213 (June 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-064)	/library/SEC-14-064	/exhibit/SEC-14-064
Ex. SEC-14-065	Enrolled House Bill 4401	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 Third Special Session)	Dec. 23, 2020	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2020 Third Special Session), Enrolled House Bill 4401 (Dec. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-065)	/library/SEC-14-065	/exhibit/SEC-14-065
Ex. SEC-14-066	Enrolled Senate Bill 278	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2021 Regular Session)	June 24, 2021	Oregon Legislative Assembly (2021 Regular Session), Enrolled Senate Bill 278 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-066)	/library/SEC-14-066	/exhibit/SEC-14-066
Ex. SEC-14-067	Emergency Order #12, Safer at Home Order	Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Department of Health Services (at the Governor's direction)	Mar. 24, 2020	Andrea Palm, Secretary-designee, Department of Health Services (at the Governor's direction), Emergency Order #12, Safer at Home Order (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-067)	/library/SEC-14-067	/exhibit/SEC-14-067
Ex. SEC-14-068	Emergency Executive Order 20-20	Governor Tim Walz	Mar. 25, 2020	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-20 (Mar. 25, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-068)	/library/SEC-14-068	/exhibit/SEC-14-068
Ex. SEC-14-069	Emergency Executive Order 20-14	Governor Tim Walz	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor Tim Walz, Emergency Executive Order 20-14 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-069)	/library/SEC-14-069	/exhibit/SEC-14-069
Ex. SEC-14-070	Suspension of Tex. Gov't Code 406.016 and related statutes (Apr. 8 and Apr. 27, 2020) permitting appearance before a notary by videoconference for wills, powers…	Governor Greg Abbott	Apr. 27, 2020	Governor Greg Abbott, Suspension of Tex. Gov't Code 406.016 and related statutes (Apr. 8 and Apr. 27, 2020) permitting appearance before a notary by videoconference for wills, powers of attorney and real estate instruments (Ex. SEC-14-070)	/library/SEC-14-070
Ex. SEC-14-071	Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency	Supreme Court of Virginia	Mar. 16, 2020	Supreme Court of Virginia, Order Declaring a Judicial Emergency in Response to COVID-19 Emergency (Mar. 16, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-071)	/library/SEC-14-071
Ex. SEC-14-072	Emergency Order #4 Pursuant to Executive Order 2020-04	Governor Christopher T. Sununu	Mar. 17, 2020	Governor Christopher T. Sununu, Emergency Order #4 Pursuant to Executive Order 2020-04 (Mar. 17, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-072)	/library/SEC-14-072	/exhibit/SEC-14-072
Ex. SEC-14-073	Executive Order No. 20-10	Governor Laura Kelly	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor Laura Kelly, Executive Order No. 20-10 (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-073)	/library/SEC-14-073	/exhibit/SEC-14-073
Ex. SEC-14-074	Executive Order 2020-96	Governor Gretchen Whitmer	May 21, 2020	Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Executive Order 2020-96 (May 21, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-074)	/library/SEC-14-074	/exhibit/SEC-14-074
Ex. SEC-14-076	Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency	Governor John Carney	Mar. 24, 2020	Governor John Carney, Sixth Modification of the Declaration of a State of Emergency (Mar. 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-076)	/library/SEC-14-076	/exhibit/SEC-14-076
Ex. SEC-14-077	Executive Order No. 22	Governor Bill Lee	Mar. 30, 2020	Governor Bill Lee, Executive Order No. 22 (Mar. 30, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-077)	/library/SEC-14-077	/exhibit/SEC-14-077
Ex. SEC-14-078	Order of the State Health Officer Suspending Certain Public Gatherings Due to Risk of Infection by COVID-19 (Amended April 3, 2020) - Stay at Home Order	Scott Harris, M.D., State Health Officer	Apr. 3, 2020	Scott Harris, M.D., State Health Officer, Order of the State Health Officer Suspending Certain Public Gatherings Due to Risk of Infection by COVID-19 (Amended April 3, 2020) - Stay at Home Order (Apr. 3, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-078)	/library/SEC-14-078	/exhibit/SEC-14-078
Ex. SEC-14-082	TDEM Essential Services list (additions to CISA v2.0)	Texas Division of Emergency Management (under GA-14)	Apr. 2, 2020	Texas Division of Emergency Management (under GA-14), TDEM Essential Services list (additions to CISA v2.0) (Apr. 2, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-082)	/library/SEC-14-082
Ex. SEC-14-084	Mortgagee Letter 2021-06	HUD, FHA	Feb. 23, 2021	HUD, FHA, Mortgagee Letter 2021-06 (Feb. 23, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-084)	/library/SEC-14-084	/exhibit/SEC-14-084
Ex. SEC-14-085	Third Supplementary Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Emergency	Governor David Y. Ige	Mar. 23, 2020	Governor David Y. Ige, Third Supplementary Proclamation Related to the COVID-19 Emergency (Mar. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-085)	/library/SEC-14-085	/exhibit/SEC-14-085
Ex. SEC-14-086	Proclamation 20-19	Governor Jay Inslee	Mar. 18, 2020	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19 (Mar. 18, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-086)	/library/SEC-14-086	/exhibit/SEC-14-086
Ex. SEC-14-087	Proclamation 20-19.6	Governor Jay Inslee	Mar. 18, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 20-19.6 (Mar. 18, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-087)	/library/SEC-14-087	/exhibit/SEC-14-087
Ex. SEC-14-088	Proclamation 21-09	Governor Jay Inslee	June 24, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 21-09 (June 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-088)	/library/SEC-14-088	/exhibit/SEC-14-088
Ex. SEC-14-089	Proclamation 21-09.1	Governor Jay Inslee	Sept. 24, 2021	Governor Jay Inslee, Proclamation 21-09.1 (Sept. 24, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-089)	/library/SEC-14-089	/exhibit/SEC-14-089
Ex. SEC-14-GM-001	RISMedia, 'NAR to Deliver Virtual Solutions for 2020 REALTORS Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo' (Mar. 19, 2020) (republication of NAR's release)	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	Mar. 19, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR), RISMedia, 'NAR to Deliver Virtual Solutions for 2020 REALTORS Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo' (Mar. 19, 2020) (republication of NAR's release) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-001)	/library/SEC-14-GM-001	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-001
Ex. SEC-14-GM-002	RISMedia, 'NAR Closes 2020 REALTORS Legislative Meetings With Record Participation' (May 18, 2020): 28,000 participants; 9,000-10,000 usually attend in…	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	May 18, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR), RISMedia, 'NAR Closes 2020 REALTORS Legislative Meetings With Record Participation' (May 18, 2020): 28,000 participants; 9,000-10,000 usually attend in Washington (Ex. SEC-14-GM-002)	/library/SEC-14-GM-002	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-002
Ex. SEC-14-GM-003	RISMedia, 'Amidst Health, Safety Concerns, NAR's 2020 REALTORS Conference & Expo Goes Virtual' (June 24, 2020)	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	June 24, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR), RISMedia, 'Amidst Health, Safety Concerns, NAR's 2020 REALTORS Conference & Expo Goes Virtual' (June 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-003)	/library/SEC-14-GM-003	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-003
Ex. SEC-14-GM-004	HousingWire, 'MBA and NAR going virtual with all remaining 2020 events' (June 24, 2020)	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	June 24, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR), HousingWire, 'MBA and NAR going virtual with all remaining 2020 events' (June 24, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-004)	/library/SEC-14-GM-004	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-004
Ex. SEC-14-GM-005	RISMedia, 'NAR: May Legislative Meetings Will Be Held Virtually in 2021, November Conference Will Be Live' (Jan. 18, 2021)	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	Jan. 18, 2021	National Association of REALTORS (NAR), RISMedia, 'NAR: May Legislative Meetings Will Be Held Virtually in 2021, November Conference Will Be Live' (Jan. 18, 2021) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-005)	/library/SEC-14-GM-005	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-005
Ex. SEC-14-GM-006	Shopping Center Business, 'ICSC Postpones RECon 2020 Indefinitely' (Mar. 13, 2020): 2019 attendance 37,000; 1,200 exhibitors; 853,000 sq. ft.	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)	Mar. 13, 2020	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC), Shopping Center Business, 'ICSC Postpones RECon 2020 Indefinitely' (Mar. 13, 2020): 2019 attendance 37,000; 1,200 exhibitors; 853,000 sq. ft. (Ex. SEC-14-GM-006)	/library/SEC-14-GM-006	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-006
Ex. SEC-14-GM-007	REBusiness Online, 'ICSC Cancels RECon 2020, Will Hold Regional Deal Making Events' (Apr. 23, 2020)	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)	Apr. 23, 2020	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC), REBusiness Online, 'ICSC Cancels RECon 2020, Will Hold Regional Deal Making Events' (Apr. 23, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-007)	/library/SEC-14-GM-007	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-007
Ex. SEC-14-GM-008	National Association of REALTORS, newsroom release, 'NAR to Deliver Virtual Solutions for 2020 Realtors Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo' (Washington, Mar. 18…	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	Mar. 18, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR), National Association of REALTORS, newsroom release, 'NAR to Deliver Virtual Solutions for 2020 Realtors Legislative Meetings & Trade Expo' (Washington, Mar. 18, 2020), as captured by the Internet Archive Mar. 23, 2020 (Ex. SEC-14-GM-008)	/library/SEC-14-GM-008	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-008
Ex. SEC-14-GM-009	Texas Real Estate Commission, 'Licensing Exam Sites Re-Opening' (Apr. 27, 2020): Pearson VUE sites closed in March; reopening 'at a much lower capacity'; 'in…	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors	Apr. 27, 2020	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors, Texas Real Estate Commission, 'Licensing Exam Sites Re-Opening' (Apr. 27, 2020): Pearson VUE sites closed in March; reopening 'at a much lower capacity'; 'in line with local jurisdictions' (Ex. SEC-14-GM-009)	/library/SEC-14-GM-009	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-009
Ex. SEC-14-GM-010	Texas Real Estate Commission and Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board, waiver of all renewal and application deadlines through July 31, 2020 'based…	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors	July 21, 2020	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors, Texas Real Estate Commission and Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board, waiver of all renewal and application deadlines through July 31, 2020 'based on approval by Governor Greg Abbott' (page dated July 21, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-010)	/library/SEC-14-GM-010	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-010
Ex. SEC-14-GM-011	National Apartment Association, '2020 Apartmentalize' event page as captured May 12, 2020: rescheduled to Dallas, Nov. 4-6, 2020, with a virtual component	National Apartment Association (NAA)	May 12, 2020	National Apartment Association (NAA), National Apartment Association, '2020 Apartmentalize' event page as captured May 12, 2020: rescheduled to Dallas, Nov. 4-6, 2020, with a virtual component (Ex. SEC-14-GM-011)	/library/SEC-14-GM-011	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-011
Ex. SEC-14-GM-012	RISMedia, 'Adapting to a Virtual World and Keeping Traditions Alive Amidst COVID' (Feb. 3, 2021): Virginia REALTORS' September 2020 centennial convention held…	Virginia REALTORS	Feb. 3, 2021	Virginia REALTORS, RISMedia, 'Adapting to a Virtual World and Keeping Traditions Alive Amidst COVID' (Feb. 3, 2021): Virginia REALTORS' September 2020 centennial convention held virtually (Ex. SEC-14-GM-012)	/library/SEC-14-GM-012	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-012
Ex. SEC-14-GM-013	RISMedia, 'JPAR Goes Unconventional in Convention for Agents Nationwide' (Sept. 10, 2020): two-day virtual franchisor convention	franchisors	Sept. 10, 2020	franchisors, RISMedia, 'JPAR Goes Unconventional in Convention for Agents Nationwide' (Sept. 10, 2020): two-day virtual franchisor convention (Ex. SEC-14-GM-013)	/library/SEC-14-GM-013	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-013
Ex. SEC-14-GM-014	HousingWire, 'Ready to go back to a live mortgage industry event? MBA, NAR, NAMB and others test the waters' (May 11, 2020): 2020 event calendar and pending…	National Association of REALTORS (NAR)	May 11, 2020	National Association of REALTORS (NAR), HousingWire, 'Ready to go back to a live mortgage industry event? MBA, NAR, NAMB and others test the waters' (May 11, 2020): 2020 event calendar and pending decisions (Ex. SEC-14-GM-014)	/library/SEC-14-GM-014	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-014
Ex. SEC-14-GM-015	Shopping Center Business (Dec. 2, 2020): report released 'as part of ICSC's virtual ReCon event in New York City'	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC)	Dec. 2, 2020	International Council of Shopping Centers (ICSC), Shopping Center Business (Dec. 2, 2020): report released 'as part of ICSC's virtual ReCon event in New York City' (Ex. SEC-14-GM-015)	/library/SEC-14-GM-015	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-015
Ex. SEC-14-GM-016	HousingWire, 'Real estate CEOs talk about digitizing the industry' (June 3, 2020): 'the second day of Inman Connect Now'; 'Inman's first all-digital conference'	Inman	June 3, 2020	Inman, HousingWire, 'Real estate CEOs talk about digitizing the industry' (June 3, 2020): 'the second day of Inman Connect Now'; 'Inman's first all-digital conference' (Ex. SEC-14-GM-016)	/library/SEC-14-GM-016	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-016
Ex. SEC-14-GM-017	National Apartment Association, '2020 Apartmentalize' event page as captured Sept. 8, 2020: in-person Dallas event cancelled; 'entirely digital conference'…	National Apartment Association (NAA)	Sept. 8, 2020	National Apartment Association (NAA), National Apartment Association, '2020 Apartmentalize' event page as captured Sept. 8, 2020: in-person Dallas event cancelled; 'entirely digital conference' (APTvirtual) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-017)	/library/SEC-14-GM-017	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-017
Ex. SEC-14-GM-018	BOMA International, '2020 BOMA International Conference & Expo' site (bomaconvention.org) as captured May 12, 2020: 'The June 27-30 event has been cancelled due…	Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) International	May 12, 2020	Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) International, BOMA International, '2020 BOMA International Conference & Expo' site (bomaconvention.org) as captured May 12, 2020: 'The June 27-30 event has been cancelled due to ongoing concerns about COVID-19'; webcast July 7-9, 2020 (text of the capture rendered to PDF) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-018)	/library/SEC-14-GM-018	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-018
Ex. SEC-14-GM-019	Texas Real Estate Commission, 'Temporary Allowance for Inspector Ride-Along Courses' (May 29, 2020)	State real estate commissions; education providers	May 29, 2020	State real estate commissions; education providers, Texas Real Estate Commission, 'Temporary Allowance for Inspector Ride-Along Courses' (May 29, 2020) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-019)	/library/SEC-14-GM-019	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-019
Ex. SEC-14-GM-020	American Land Title Association, 'ALTA ONE 2020' site (meetings.alta.org/one) as captured Aug. 6, 2020: 'Virtual ALTA ONE Registration is NOW OPEN!... October…	American Land Title Association (ALTA)	Aug. 6, 2020	American Land Title Association (ALTA), American Land Title Association, 'ALTA ONE 2020' site (meetings.alta.org/one) as captured Aug. 6, 2020: 'Virtual ALTA ONE Registration is NOW OPEN!... October 6-8, 2020' (text of the capture rendered to PDF) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-020)	/library/SEC-14-GM-020	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-020
Ex. SEC-14-GM-021	American Land Title Association, 'ALTA ONE 2021' site as captured Sept. 22, 2021: Oct. 12-15, 2021, Hilton New Orleans Riverside; in-person and virtual; 'Covid…	American Land Title Association (ALTA)	Sept. 22, 2021	American Land Title Association (ALTA), American Land Title Association, 'ALTA ONE 2021' site as captured Sept. 22, 2021: Oct. 12-15, 2021, Hilton New Orleans Riverside; in-person and virtual; 'Covid Safety Protocols' (text of the capture rendered to PDF) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-021)	/library/SEC-14-GM-021	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-021
Ex. SEC-14-GM-022	Appraisal Institute, '2020 Annual Conference' page as captured June 28, 2020: 'Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the Appraisal Institute has taken the…	Appraisal Institute	June 28, 2020	Appraisal Institute, Appraisal Institute, '2020 Annual Conference' page as captured June 28, 2020: 'Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the Appraisal Institute has taken the unfortunate but necessary step of canceling its 2020 Annual Conference, which had been scheduled for Orlando, Florida, in August' (text of the capture rendered to PDF) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-022)	/library/SEC-14-GM-022	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-022
Ex. SEC-14-GM-023	Pearson VUE, 'Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update' (home.pearsonvue.com/coronavirus-update) as captured Apr. 10, 2020 (page updated Apr. 9, 2020; United States…	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors	Apr. 9, 2020	State real estate commissions and their testing vendors, Pearson VUE, 'Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update' (home.pearsonvue.com/coronavirus-update) as captured Apr. 10, 2020 (page updated Apr. 9, 2020; United States section updated Apr. 6, 2020): 'we have temporarily closed our U.S.-based Pearson VUE-owned and operated Pearson Professional Centers (PPCs)'; appointments 'starting May 1st and beyond if conditions allow' (text of the capture rendered to PDF) (Ex. SEC-14-GM-023)	/library/SEC-14-GM-023	/exhibit/SEC-14-GM-023
Ex. TX-004	Executive Order GA-09	Governor Greg Abbott	Mar. 22, 2020	Governor Greg Abbott, Executive Order GA-09 (Mar. 22, 2020) (Ex. TX-004)	/library/TX-004	/exhibit/TX-004

11. How to use this report

Keep this report with your payroll records and the other records that support your claim. The Notice itself describes what those records are. Q&A-70 says an employer "will adequately substantiate eligibility for the employee retention credit if the employer creates and maintains records that include," among other things, "any governmental order to suspend the employer's business operations" and "any records the employer relied upon to determine whether more than a nominal portion of its operations were suspended due to a governmental order or whether a governmental order had more than a nominal effect on its business operations" (Notice 2021-20, 2021-11 I.R.B. 922, Q&A-70, at 944-45). Q&A-71 says to keep those records "for at least 4 years after the date the tax becomes due or is paid, whichever comes later" (Q&A-71, at 945). This report is the first of those two items for your selection, and it is meant to sit beside the second.

If you have received a letter from the Service saying that no government orders were in effect during the quarter you claimed, this report answers that sentence with the public record, order by order. Read the quarter you claimed. For each instrument, the report gives you the issuer, the number, the dates, the words that commanded the change, the penalty behind them and the exhibit. Those are facts about the public record, and anyone can check them against the register, the code or the docket the report cites. The Service is free to argue about how much a given order affected your business. Whether the orders existed is not a matter of opinion.

Three points of public law matter to anyone holding such a letter. First, a notice that turns down a refund claim starts a clock. Under section 6532(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code, a refund suit cannot be brought "after the expiration of 2 years from the date of mailing by certified mail or registered mail by the Secretary to the taxpayer of a notice of the disallowance of the part of the claim to which the suit or proceeding relates." Second, asking the IRS Independent Office of Appeals to review the letter does not stop that clock; the Service's own page on the letter says so ("Requesting an appeal doesn't extend this time"), and section 6532(a)(4) provides that the Service's later consideration of the claim does not extend the period. Third, the period can be extended only by a written agreement between you and the Service under section 6532(a)(2), made on Form 907, Agreement to Extend the Time to Bring Suit, and effective only if the Service signs it before the two years run out.

The COVID Project does not give legal advice, and this report is not a substitute for it. Take it to your accountant, your enrolled agent or your lawyer. The dates above are public law, and the decisions they call for are yours and your adviser's to make.

Printed from covidproject.com/report?industry=14&quarters=2020Q2,2020Q3,2020Q4,2021Q1,2021Q2,2021Q3&federal=1&agencies=1&duties=1&meetings=1&answers=1 on Sept. 30, 2026. The COVID Project is a free public reference and this report is not legal advice.