Function by function
Each of the eleven functions of the rental and leasing industry was reached by orders in every quarter, and for each the modification the orders compelled is stated in the orders' own terms: closure of the customer's site, confinement or quarantine of the customer, prohibition or capping of the event, closure or capped occupancy of the showroom, closure or appointment-only operation of the public office, the workplace infection-prevention and exposure-control requirements (face coverings, screening, distancing, written plans and exclusion of exposed workers) and remote operation of the office. The determination for each function follows Tri-State's definition: the operation of the function was partially suspended in the quarters stated because of the instruments stated.
EQ, construction and industrial equipment rental
Second quarter of 2020: the construction shutdowns of Pennsylvania (Ex. SEC-09-007, Ex. PA-002, Ex. PA-004), New York (Ex. NY-015, Ex. SEC-09-001), New Jersey (Ex. SEC-09-002), Michigan (Ex. SEC-09-031, Ex. SEC-07-022, Ex. MI-017), Washington (Ex. WA-016, Ex. SEC-09-004), Vermont (Ex. SEC-09-030, Ex. VT-010), Boston (Ex. SEC-09-024, Ex. SEC-09-025), the Bay Area (Ex. MET-SFO-002, Ex. MET-SFO-047) and Alaska (Ex. AK-013, Ex. AK-021); the Port of Seattle's project suspension (Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-049) and the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation's suspension of its own construction (Ex. AGY-ST-TRANSPORT-PORTS-TRANSIT-100); the restart conditions (Ex. SEC-09-008, Ex. PA-054, Ex. SEC-09-017, Ex. NY-105, Ex. SEC-09-003, Ex. SEC-09-033, Ex. SEC-09-005, Ex. WA-029, Ex. SEC-09-027, Ex. SEC-09-028, Ex. SEC-09-029, Ex. SEC-09-026, Ex. SEC-09-040, Ex. SEC-09-022); the essential-construction conditions of every other State (Ex. DE-005, Ex. MD-039, Ex. MN-010, Ex. MN-015, Ex. IL-005, Ex. OH-011, Ex. CO-010, Ex. CO-016, Ex. NM-006, Ex. NV-005, Ex. OR-007, Ex. WI-002, Ex. KS-009, Ex. HI-004, Ex. ID-003, Ex. MT-009, Ex. UT-004, Ex. WY-005, Ex. KY-010, Ex. LA-005, Ex. TN-007, Ex. NC-005, Ex. VA-006, Ex. DC-005, Ex. CT-007, Ex. ME-007, Ex. NH-010, Ex. RI-071). Third and fourth quarters of 2020: the job-site standards and workplace rules (Ex. SEC-09-017, Ex. SEC-09-003, Ex. SEC-09-023, Ex. SEC-09-008, Ex. PA-008, Ex. PA-022, Ex. SEC-09-005, Ex. WA-034, Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-050, Ex. WA-099, Ex. SEC-09-034, Ex. MI-054, Ex. KY-066, Ex. SEC-09-012, Ex. SEC-07-017, Ex. MN-022, Ex. SEC-09-040, Ex. SEC-09-010, Ex. SEC-09-011, Ex. SEC-09-013, Ex. VT-025, Ex. CO-081 (field services closed in Level Red)). First and second quarters of 2021: the same standards through their dates (Ex. SEC-09-017 to June 25, 2021; Ex. SEC-09-023, Ex. NJ-050, Ex. NJ-051; Ex. PA-022 to May 31, 2021; Ex. SEC-09-011, Ex. CA-024, Ex. CA-067; Ex. SEC-09-013, Ex. SEC-09-014, Ex. OR-041, Ex. OR-044; Ex. VA-037; Ex. WA-067; Ex. MI-054 to June 22, 2021, with the regulator's enforcement record against an equipment rental and sales business (Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-065)). Third quarter of 2021: the workplace standards of seven States (Ex. CA-024, Ex. CA-067, Ex. OR-041, Ex. OR-044, Ex. OR-049, Ex. VA-037, Ex. VA-038, Ex. WA-067, Ex. WA-072, Ex. WA-101, Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-054, Ex. AGY-ST-LABOR-WORKPLACE-055, Ex. NJ-050, Ex. NJ-051, Ex. NM-060, Ex. NM-062, Ex. NY-082, Ex. NY-136, Ex. NY-127), the metro face-covering orders on every site in the metros named in the third-quarter section, with the exposure-control duties they carried (Ex. MET-LA-045, Ex. MET-SFO-010, Ex. MET-SAC-015, Ex. MET-LAS-006, Ex. MET-SEA-002, Ex. MET-DEN-033, Ex. MET-CHI-049, Ex. MET-DFW-028, Ex. MET-SAT-067, Ex. MET-PHL-019, Ex. MET-BOS-013, Ex. MET-MSY-027, Ex. MET-BAL-017, Ex. MET-DCM-023, Ex. MET-CLT-001, Ex. MET-STL-021, Ex. MET-KC-002, Ex. MET-CMH-050), the statewide face-covering orders, each an airborne-transmission control on every indoor workplace (Ex. NV-041, Ex. LA-036, Ex. OR-048, Ex. NM-067, Ex. WA-078, Ex. WA-080, Ex. IL-042, Ex. DC-057) and the federal workplace and site-access rules (Ex. FED-272, Ex. FED-278).206
The modification compelled
Closure of the job site on which the rented machine earns; then crew-size, hours, screening, distancing, visitor and written-plan conditions on every site and every delivery, service call and pickup; face coverings for every worker on every site in the face-covering jurisdictions, as one of the exposure-control conditions of the site; exclusion of every exposed worker; attestation and visitor rules at every federal site. The industry's own filings record the mechanism: "customers we serve that were not designated essential businesses were closed throughout a significant portion of the quarter."207
The operation of the equipment-rental function was partially suspended in the second quarter of 2020 because of the construction shutdowns and their restart conditions, in the third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first and second quarters of 2021 because of the job-site standards and workplace rules, and in the third quarter of 2021 because of the workplace standards of seven States, the metro and State face-covering orders, with the exposure-control duties they carried, and the federal site-access rules.
CR, car and truck rental
Second quarter of 2020: the stay-at-home orders confining travel to essential purposes (Ex. IL-005 ¶ 4, Ex. OH-011 ¶ 4, Ex. CA-007, Ex. WA-016, Ex. CO-012, Ex. DE-006, Ex. MD-007, Ex. NC-005, Ex. MS-009, Ex. WI-002, Ex. ID-003, Ex. NM-006, Ex. KS-009, Ex. KY-010, Ex. VA-006, Ex. HI-004, Ex. MT-009, Ex. AZ-010, Ex. UT-004, Ex. MI-017, Ex. IN-006, Ex. DC-006); the orders that named or withheld the rental designation (Ex. IL-005 ¶ 12(o), Ex. OH-011 ¶ 12(r), Ex. HI-004 ¶ 16, Ex. MT-009 ¶ o, Ex. CO-016, Ex. AL-013, Ex. NH-010, Ex. SEC-08-002, Ex. SEC-07-022, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. SEC-08-015); the traveler quarantines of eighteen States and Utah's travel-declaration order (Ex. HI-003, Ex. HI-031, Ex. HI-005, Ex. AK-012, Ex. AK-014, Ex. FL-011, Ex. FL-012, Ex. FL-015, Ex. TX-006, Ex. TX-007, Ex. KY-011, Ex. KY-013, Ex. DE-010, Ex. WV-012, Ex. SC-007, Ex. OK-011, Ex. MT-010, Ex. ID-004, Ex. UT-007, Ex. UT-008, Ex. ND-021, Ex. AZ-012, Ex. WY-010, Ex. VT-012, Ex. ME-013, Ex. NY-006); the entry proclamations and land-border notices (Ex. FED-200, Ex. FED-201, Ex. FED-202, Ex. FED-203, Ex. FED-204, Ex. FED-210, Ex. FED-211, Ex. FED-216, Ex. FED-239, Ex. FED-217, Ex. FED-241) and the State Department's suspension of routine visa services (recorded in Ex. FED-327); the Department of Transportation's order (Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-028); the motor-vehicle closures that stopped plating and title transfers (Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-076, Ex. NY-002, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. IN-006, Ex. OH-012, Ex. WI-002, Ex. NV-006, Ex. CT-003, Ex. CT-062, and the agencies' records of the closures those orders compelled, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-018, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-019, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-002, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-007, Ex. NJ-107, Ex. PA-102, Ex. MN-056). Third and fourth quarters of 2020: the quarantines of the Northeast, New Mexico, Chicago, the District, Hawaii, Alaska, Kansas, Pennsylvania and Maryland (Ex. NY-006, Ex. NY-077, Ex. CT-023, Ex. ECO-C-005, Ex. ECO-C-007, Ex. MA-025, Ex. NM-024, Ex. NM-031, Ex. NM-037, Ex. MET-CHI-019, Ex. ECO-C-031, Ex. HI-014, Ex. HI-057, Ex. HI-031, Ex. MET-HNL-095, Ex. AK-038, Ex. AK-039, Ex. AK-035, Ex. ME-026, Ex. VT-012, Ex. VT-080, Ex. PA-021, Ex. PA-070, Ex. MD-023, Ex. MD-050, Ex. NH-027, Ex. DC-050); the entry, border and Title 42 orders (Ex. FED-200, Ex. FED-201, Ex. FED-202, Ex. FED-203, Ex. FED-204, Ex. FED-211, Ex. FED-037); Kauai's Rule 15 (Ex. MET-HNL-095); the CRRSAA rent-relief appropriation (Ex. SEC-22-006). First and second quarters of 2021: the conveyance order and directives (Ex. FED-020, Ex. FED-050, Ex. FED-051, Ex. FED-054, Ex. FED-056, Ex. FED-061, Ex. FED-057); Proclamations 10143 and 10199 (Ex. FED-207, Ex. FED-208); the inbound-testing order (Ex. FED-042); the border notices (Ex. FED-232, Ex. FED-255); the Department of Transportation's orders (Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-033, Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-035); the quarantines through their dates (Ex. NY-006, Ex. CT-023, Ex. CT-037, Ex. MA-025, Ex. MA-045, Ex. PA-021, Ex. PA-032, Ex. NH-027, Ex. NH-060, Ex. HI-019, Ex. HI-023, Ex. HI-031, Ex. KS-055, Ex. KS-056, Ex. RI-036, Ex. RI-043, Ex. RI-044, Ex. VT-082, Ex. VT-086, Ex. ME-026, Ex. ME-053, Ex. NH-038); the ARPA rent-relief appropriation (Ex. SEC-22-001). Third quarter of 2021: the instruments of the third-quarter section, subparts B-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6 and B-13 (Ex. FED-020, Ex. FED-051, Ex. FED-052, Ex. FED-054 (as continued by SD 1542-21-01A and SD 1542-21-01B), Ex. FED-056, Ex. FED-061, Ex. FED-200, Ex. FED-201, Ex. FED-207, Ex. FED-208, Ex. FED-232, Ex. FED-233, Ex. FED-234, Ex. FED-235, Ex. FED-255, Ex. FED-256, Ex. FED-257, Ex. FED-258, Ex. FED-037, Ex. FED-038, Ex. FED-042, Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-035, Ex. HI-023, Ex. HI-024, Ex. HI-031, Ex. MET-HNL-032, Ex. MET-HNL-035, Ex. MET-HNL-037, Ex. KS-056, Ex. KS-057, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-040, Ex. MD-031, Ex. GA-061, Ex. GA-042, Ex. WV-067, and the agencies' records of the appointment regimes and of the California commercial-credential extension, Ex. OR-057, Ex. DC-082, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-017 (agency records; context)).208
The modification compelled
Confinement of the customer to essential travel; quarantine of the arriving customer in up to eighteen States at once; a bar on the international customer at every airport and every land port; the federal conveyance order's face-covering requirement, an airborne-transmission control at every counter, facility and shuttle, enforced by the airport operator; a network of flights fixed by federal order; in Kauai, a duty on the rental company itself to refuse the quarantined; and closure or appointment-only operation of the office through which the fleet is plated and sold. The industry recorded the result in the second quarter of 2020: revenue down seventy percent, utilization "to 28% from 82%," and a chapter 11 filing; Congress recorded it on December 27, 2020 and March 11, 2021.209
The operation of the car and truck rental function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the stay-at-home, quarantine, entry, border, conveyance, minimum-service and motor-vehicle orders in force in each.
PR, party, tent and event rental
Second quarter of 2020: the gathering bans and caps of every State (Ex. AK-013, Ex. WA-016, Ex. IL-005, Ex. CA-007, Ex. CO-012, Ex. CO-016, Ex. MI-017, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. NY-010, Ex. NY-005, Ex. NM-006, Ex. ID-003, Ex. MT-009, Ex. UT-004, Ex. WI-002, Ex. OH-011, Ex. IN-006, Ex. IN-012, Ex. MN-010, Ex. KS-009, Ex. IA-002, Ex. NE-002, Ex. NE-008, Ex. SD-008, Ex. WY-005, Ex. KY-006, Ex. MD-007, Ex. VA-006, Ex. NC-005, Ex. TN-007, Ex. GA-005, Ex. GA-010, Ex. FL-010, Ex. AL-011, Ex. AL-013, Ex. MS-009, Ex. LA-005, Ex. SC-006, Ex. AR-038, Ex. OK-006, Ex. TX-008, Ex. WV-009, Ex. DE-012, Ex. DC-005, Ex. PA-005, Ex. PA-006, Ex. MA-008, Ex. CT-010, Ex. RI-004, Ex. VT-008, Ex. ME-004, Ex. NH-008, Ex. HI-004); the venue and convention-center closures and conversions (Ex. MET-DEN-001, Ex. MET-SAN-032, Ex. MET-ORL-060, Ex. AGY-LOCAL-DISTRICTS-AUTHORITIES-054, Ex. AGY-LOCAL-DISTRICTS-AUTHORITIES-055, and the Authority's and the City's records of the conversion and the cancellations, Ex. AGY-LOCAL-DISTRICTS-AUTHORITIES-043, Ex. MET-SDF-026). Third and fourth quarters of 2020: the caps of ten to fifty and the winter prohibitions (Ex. IL-019, Ex. IL-031, Ex. PA-016, Ex. PA-019, Ex. PA-022, Ex. PA-028, Ex. MA-025, Ex. MA-033, Ex. MA-040, Ex. NJ-039, Ex. NY-008, Ex. NY-037, Ex. CT-031, Ex. VT-034, Ex. DE-033, Ex. KY-023, Ex. KY-033, Ex. VA-015, Ex. VA-016, Ex. MD-046, Ex. MD-021, Ex. GA-024, Ex. SC-027, Ex. WY-021, Ex. WY-037, Ex. WY-039, Ex. NV-016, Ex. NV-030, Ex. CA-017, Ex. CA-020, Ex. CO-035, Ex. CO-036, Ex. CO-081, Ex. MI-059, Ex. MI-060, Ex. MN-032, Ex. NM-034, Ex. NM-039, Ex. NM-041, Ex. OR-033, Ex. OR-035, Ex. WA-047, Ex. IA-030, Ex. IA-033, Ex. NE-021, Ex. MT-018, Ex. UT-029, Ex. ID-009, Ex. ID-010, Ex. OH-038, Ex. WI-012). First and second quarters of 2021: the caps through their dates (Ex. CA-017, Ex. CA-055, Ex. CA-029, Ex. CO-051, Ex. CT-046, Ex. DC-073, Ex. DE-037, Ex. DE-038, Ex. HI-019, Ex. HI-023, Ex. IL-036, Ex. IL-037, Ex. KY-049, Ex. MA-045, Ex. MA-048, Ex. MD-026, Ex. ME-057, Ex. MI-063, Ex. MI-073, Ex. MI-076, Ex. MN-037, Ex. MN-038, Ex. NJ-050, Ex. NM-057, Ex. NM-060, Ex. NV-036, Ex. NV-038, Ex. NV-074, Ex. NY-054, Ex. NY-057, Ex. OR-035, Ex. OR-043, Ex. PA-033, Ex. PA-035, Ex. PA-036, Ex. RI-043, Ex. RI-044, Ex. VA-017, Ex. VT-043, Ex. VT-098, Ex. WA-064, Ex. WA-065, Ex. WY-051, Ex. OH-043, Ex. OH-046, Ex. IN-059, Ex. AZ-036, Ex. AZ-037, Ex. GA-034, Ex. AL-049, Ex. TX-029). Third quarter of 2021: Hawaii's caps and Honolulu's orders (Ex. HI-025, Ex. MET-HNL-032, Ex. MET-HNL-035, Ex. MET-HNL-037), the vaccination-proof conditions (Ex. MET-NYC-017, Ex. MET-NYC-018, Ex. MET-NYC-019, Ex. MET-NYC-021, Ex. MET-SFO-011, Ex. MET-SFO-050, Ex. MET-MSY-029, Ex. HI-027, Ex. NV-043), the face-covering orders on every indoor event, with the exposure-control duties they carried (Ex. NV-041, Ex. LA-036, Ex. OR-048, Ex. NM-067, Ex. WA-078, Ex. WA-080, Ex. IL-042, Ex. DC-057, Ex. CT-050 and the metro orders of the third-quarter section, subpart B-10), Savannah's revocation of event permits and cap of fifty on gatherings on City property from August 24 (Ex. MET-ATL-017), Washington's and King County's outdoor-event rules (Ex. WA-084, Ex. WA-085, Ex. MET-SEA-002), Philadelphia's "tent top" definition (Ex. MET-PHL-020), Kansas's quarantine of 500-person gathering attendees (Ex. KS-057) and the federal event-approval rule (Ex. FED-272).210
The modification compelled
Prohibition of the event; then a cap on its size; then, in the winter, prohibition again; then, in 2021, a cap through dates between April 16 and July 6; then face coverings on every indoor guest, vaccination proof at every indoor venue in four cities, a cap of ten in Hawaii and face coverings at every outdoor event of 500 in Washington. Every one is an order on the event the tent, the chairs and the staging serve, and every one fixes the number of chairs.
The operation of the party, tent and event rental function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the gathering bans, caps, venue closures, face-covering orders and vaccination-proof conditions in force in each.
CN, consumer rental
Second quarter of 2020: the non-essential retail closures and reopening conditions of some forty States (Ex. NY-002, Ex. NY-012, Ex. NY-107, Ex. NY-125, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. SEC-07-011, Ex. SEC-07-012, Ex. PA-002, Ex. PA-004, Ex. PA-008, Ex. MA-008, Ex. SEC-07-019, Ex. CT-007, Ex. CT-008, Ex. CT-012, Ex. CT-078, Ex. RI-074, Ex. VT-010, Ex. ME-007, Ex. ME-008, Ex. NH-009, Ex. NH-049, Ex. DE-005, Ex. DE-013, Ex. DE-019, Ex. DE-024, Ex. MD-004, Ex. MD-005, Ex. MD-010, Ex. DC-005, Ex. DC-006, Ex. VA-006, Ex. KY-008, Ex. SEC-07-018, Ex. KY-064, Ex. TN-007, Ex. TN-055, Ex. NC-005, Ex. SC-011, Ex. SC-013, Ex. GA-010, Ex. GA-017, Ex. GA-018, Ex. FL-017, Ex. FL-010, Ex. FL-022, Ex. AL-011, Ex. AL-017, Ex. MS-009, Ex. LA-005, Ex. TX-008, Ex. TX-011, Ex. OK-006, Ex. OK-011, Ex. OK-014, Ex. WV-009, Ex. WV-033, Ex. IL-005, Ex. IL-013, Ex. IL-016, Ex. IN-006, Ex. IN-016, Ex. IN-012, Ex. OH-011, Ex. OH-014, Ex. OH-019, Ex. MI-017, Ex. MI-030, Ex. MN-010, Ex. SEC-07-016, Ex. SEC-07-017, Ex. IA-005, Ex. IA-008, Ex. IA-012, Ex. IA-015, Ex. KS-009, Ex. MO-004, Ex. MO-006, Ex. WI-002, Ex. CA-007, Ex. CA-015, Ex. NV-005, Ex. NV-014, Ex. NV-016, Ex. OR-007, Ex. WA-016, Ex. WA-031, Ex. CO-012, Ex. CO-016, Ex. CO-023, Ex. NM-006, Ex. NM-016, Ex. ID-003, Ex. MT-009, Ex. MT-013, Ex. UT-055, Ex. HI-004, Ex. HI-009, Ex. AK-013); the elective-procedure suspensions that reached the home health equipment line (Ex. HI-007; the suspensions are catalogued State by State on this site's Hospitals and Health Systems page). Third and fourth quarters of 2020: the capacity and face-covering rules and the winter cuts (Ex. NY-125, Ex. SEC-07-013, Ex. PA-008, Ex. PA-028, Ex. MA-040, Ex. KY-064, Ex. KS-030, Ex. OH-030, Ex. OH-037, Ex. SEC-07-037, Ex. AR-060, Ex. MT-016, Ex. MN-027, Ex. WA-040, Ex. WA-047, Ex. TX-011, Ex. CA-017, Ex. CA-020, Ex. CO-081, Ex. IL-031, Ex. MI-060, Ex. NM-039, Ex. NM-040 and the winter orders cited for PR). First and second quarters of 2021: the same through their dates (Ex. NY-054, Ex. PA-033, Ex. PA-035, Ex. MA-040, Ex. MA-045, Ex. MA-048, Ex. CT-046, Ex. MD-026, Ex. DE-037, Ex. DE-038, Ex. IL-036, Ex. IL-037, Ex. MI-076, Ex. MN-038, Ex. CA-055, Ex. CA-029, Ex. CO-051, Ex. NM-057, Ex. NM-060, Ex. NV-038, Ex. WA-064, Ex. WA-065, Ex. OR-043, Ex. VA-017, Ex. RI-043, Ex. RI-044, Ex. VT-098). Third quarter of 2021: the face-covering orders on every showroom, with the exposure-control duties they placed on the retailer (Ex. NV-041, Ex. LA-036, Ex. OR-048, Ex. NM-067, Ex. WA-078, Ex. WA-080, Ex. IL-042, Ex. DC-057, Ex. CT-050, Ex. CA-029 as applied by the face-covering guidance of July 28, 2021 (Ex. CA-035, the record of that application), Ex. MET-ATL-017 and the metro orders of the third-quarter section, subpart B-10) and the workplace standards (Ex. CA-024, Ex. OR-041, Ex. VA-037, Ex. WA-067, Ex. NJ-050, Ex. NJ-051, Ex. NM-060, Ex. NY-133, Ex. ECO-B-054, Ex. NY-073, Ex. NY-136, Ex. NY-127).211
The modification compelled
Closure of the showroom to the public; then curbside or delivery only; then occupancy caps of twenty to fifty percent, appointment-only service and masked entry with a duty on the retailer to enforce; then, in the winter, twenty-five percent or closure; then, from July 17, 2021, the universal indoor face-covering orders again, with the exposure-control duties they placed on the retailer. The industry recorded "the temporary closure of all Company-operated store showrooms" and the initial closure of "approximately 65%" of staffed locations inside retail partners.212
The operation of the consumer-rental function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the retail closure, capacity, appointment, face-covering and workplace orders in force in each.
YD, yards, counters, showrooms and delivery
The retail orders cited for CN; the workplace standards cited for EQ; the motor-vehicle orders, credential extensions and remote-notarization instruments of every State (Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-076, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-006, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-005, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-043, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-036, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-038, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-039, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-040, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-041, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-042, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-044, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-050, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-113, Ex. NY-002, Ex. NY-054, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. IN-006, Ex. OH-012, Ex. WI-002, Ex. IL-005, Ex. IL-013, Ex. AL-013, Ex. NV-006, Ex. NV-021, Ex. NV-027, Ex. CT-003, Ex. CT-062, Ex. RI-086, Ex. RI-087, Ex. RI-088, Ex. VT-006, Ex. ME-006, Ex. NH-014, Ex. IA-002, Ex. KS-031, Ex. UT-011, Ex. MT-028, Ex. ND-052, Ex. SD-030, Ex. MD-098, Ex. MD-031, Ex. KY-020, Ex. NE-058, Ex. GA-042, Ex. GA-061, Ex. WV-067, and the agencies' records of the closures, appointment regimes, extensions and conversions those orders compelled, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-018, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-013, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-014, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-016, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-017, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-019, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-027, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-002, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-003, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-007, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-029, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-054, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-082, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-097, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-099, Ex. NJ-107, Ex. PA-102, Ex. PA-103, Ex. AGY-ST-TRANSPORT-PORTS-TRANSIT-100, Ex. MN-056, Ex. IL-053, Ex. IL-055, Ex. IL-056, Ex. IL-057, Ex. IL-058, Ex. TX-069, Ex. OR-057, Ex. DC-082, Ex. SEC-08-004, Ex. SEC-08-005); the face-covering orders of 2020 and 2021 on every counter, each an airborne-transmission control on every indoor business (Ex. KS-030, Ex. OH-030, Ex. OH-037, Ex. AR-060, Ex. MT-016, Ex. MN-027, Ex. WA-040, Ex. MA-045, Ex. MD-008, Ex. MD-030, Ex. NM-016, Ex. HI-016 and the third-quarter orders of subparts B-8 and B-10); the Port of Seattle's airport rules (Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-047, Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-048, Ex. AGY-AVIATION-SURFACE-050).213
The modification compelled
Closure of the counter to walk-in business; occupancy limits and appointment-only service; face coverings for every worker and customer; screening at the door; written prevention plans; exclusion of exposed workers; and the diversion of every plating, registration and title transaction to closed, appointment-only or extension-dependent public offices.
The operation of the yard, counter and delivery function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the retail, workplace, face-covering and motor-vehicle orders in force in each.
SC, fleet and inventory supply
The manufacturing closures of the spring of 2020 (Ex. SEC-09-031, Ex. SEC-07-022, Ex. MI-017, Ex. PA-002, Ex. PA-004, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. NY-002, Ex. WA-016, Ex. CA-007 and the Federal Reserve's record, Ex. ECO-A-104); the Defense Production Act delegations and the scarce-materials designation (Ex. FED-070, Ex. FED-073, Ex. FED-074); the entry proclamations and land-border notices as they governed imported equipment, parts and fleet (Ex. FED-216, Ex. FED-239, Ex. FED-232, Ex. FED-233, Ex. FED-234, Ex. FED-235, Ex. FED-255, Ex. FED-256, Ex. FED-257, Ex. FED-258); the motor-vehicle closures that stopped plating of new fleet and title transfers on disposal (the instruments cited for YD); the dealer showroom closures (Ex. NV-014, Ex. MET-DFW-007, Ex. MET-DFW-079, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. SEC-08-015); the federal record of the semiconductor shortage that constrained fleet acquisition through the third quarter of 2021 (Ex. ECO-A-101, Ex. SEC-08-020, Ex. SEC-08-021, Ex. SEC-08-022, Ex. ECO-A-106, Ex. ECO-A-107).214
The modification compelled
Idling of the plants that build the fleet; closure of the dealers and auctions through which it is bought and sold; closure of the offices that plate and title it; a border limited to essential travel for imported inputs; and a shortage of the semiconductors every new vehicle and every telematics unit requires, traced by the federal government to the plant shutdowns the orders imposed.
The operation of the fleet and inventory supply function was partially suspended in the second quarter of 2020 because of the plant, dealer and motor-vehicle closures, in the third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first and second quarters of 2021 because of the motor-vehicle orders and the appointment regimes imposed under them, the border orders and the plant restart schedules, and in the third quarter of 2021 because of the border orders and the motor-vehicle extensions in force.
MK, marketing, shows and events
The gathering bans and caps cited for PR; the convention prohibitions and closures (Ex. MD-046, Ex. GA-024, Ex. GA-025, Ex. AGY-LOCAL-DISTRICTS-AUTHORITIES-054, Ex. AGY-LOCAL-DISTRICTS-AUTHORITIES-055, Ex. AGY-LOCAL-DISTRICTS-AUTHORITIES-056, Ex. MET-DEN-001, Ex. MET-SAN-032); the federal rule requiring agency-head approval of any federally hosted event of more than fifty participants (Ex. FED-272); the vaccination-proof conditions on every indoor venue in four cities (Ex. MET-NYC-017, Ex. MET-SFO-011, Ex. MET-MSY-029, Ex. MET-HNL-035).215
The modification compelled
Cancellation of every trade show, bridal show, contractor event and open house; then caps on attendance; then face coverings and vaccination proof at every indoor venue.
The operation of the marketing and events function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the gathering, convention and venue orders in force in each.
HR, hiring, licensing and testing
The motor-vehicle closures and credential extensions cited for YD, with the commercial-driver instruments in particular (Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-043, Ex. KS-031, Ex. NE-058, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-076, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-040, and the agencies' records of the commercial-credential suspensions and extensions those orders compelled, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-013, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-016, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-017, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-019, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-021 (New Jersey CDL extension)); the workplace standards' onboarding, screening and exclusion rules (Ex. CA-024, Ex. OR-041, Ex. VA-037, Ex. WA-067, Ex. NJ-050, Ex. NJ-051, Ex. NY-136, Ex. MI-054); the quarantine orders on exposed persons (Ex. IN-092, Ex. AR-073, Ex. RI-036, Ex. DE-038, Ex. MET-SAN-024); the vaccination and testing conditions of the third quarter of 2021 (Ex. HI-024, Ex. FED-272, Ex. FED-278, Ex. MET-DEN-023).216
The modification compelled
Suspension of skills tests and credential issuance; extension of expiring credentials because the offices could not renew them; screening and exclusion of every hire; quarantine of every exposed worker; attestation and testing at every federal and State site.
The operation of the hiring, licensing and testing function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the motor-vehicle, workplace-standard and quarantine orders in force in each.
OP, office and administration
The telework mandates and office caps (Ex. NY-002, Ex. NJ-004, Ex. CO-010, Ex. DE-005, Ex. WA-016, Ex. WA-047, Ex. OR-007, Ex. OR-033, Ex. OR-035, Ex. KS-009, Ex. PA-022, Ex. PA-033, Ex. MA-040, Ex. CA-020, Ex. CA-055, Ex. VT-034, Ex. MN-010); the workplace standards cited for EQ; the face-covering orders of 2020 and 2021 on every office, each an airborne-transmission control on the indoor workplace; New York's HERO Act plans (Ex. NY-082, Ex. NY-136, Ex. NY-127); the remote-notarization orders and statutes that governed the office's lien and title paperwork (Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-036, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-038, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-039, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-040, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-041, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-042, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-044, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-050, Ex. AGY-ST-DMV-SOS-RECORDERS-113, Ex. ECO-C-113, Ex. ECO-C-114).217
The modification compelled
Remote operation of the reservation, dispatch, billing and collection offices where ordered; capped occupancy where reopened; face coverings, screening and written plans throughout; notarial and recording transactions by remote means where the offices were closed.
The operation of the office and administration function was partially suspended in the second, third and fourth quarters of 2020 and the first and second quarters of 2021 because of the telework mandates, office caps and workplace standards in force in each, and in the third quarter of 2021 because of the workplace standards, face-covering orders and exposure-prevention plans in force.
WF, workforce availability
The school closures of the spring of 2020 (Ex. ECO-B-017, Ex. ECO-B-018, Ex. ECO-B-019, Ex. IN-014, Ex. IA-007, Ex. KS-005, and their counterparts in every State); the paid-leave mandate (Ex. FED-170, Ex. FED-171); the stay-at-home orders confining the workforce; the remote and hybrid school orders of the 2020-21 year; the face-covering and quarantine orders of the 2021-22 year (Ex. NJ-055, Ex. ECO-B-029, Ex. CT-050, Ex. ECO-B-036, Ex. NY-071, Ex. ECO-B-054, Ex. ECO-B-066, Ex. IL-042, Ex. ECO-B-080, Ex. PA-042, Ex. ECO-B-087, Ex. AGY-ST-EDUCATION-HIGHER-ED-029, Ex. MA-071, Ex. KY-052, Ex. KY-053, Ex. HI-043, Ex. MET-DET-013, Ex. NC-032, Ex. TN-036); the quarantine and isolation orders on exposed persons (Ex. IN-092, Ex. AR-073, Ex. RI-036, Ex. DE-038, Ex. MET-SAN-022, Ex. MET-SAN-024); the conveyance order's airborne-transmission control on every transit commute (Ex. FED-020); the vaccination and testing conditions of the third quarter of 2021 on public and health-care workforces and federal contractors (Ex. HI-024, Ex. HI-046, Ex. FED-272, Ex. FED-278, Ex. MET-DEN-023, Ex. CA-030, Ex. NC-031, Ex. VA-045).218
The modification compelled
Removal of every parent whose school or child care closed; compulsory paid leave for every such absence through December 31, 2020; quarantine of every exposed worker for ten to fourteen days; the conveyance order's airborne-transmission control on every commute; attestation and testing at every federal site.
The operation of the workforce function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the school, child-care, leave, quarantine, transit and vaccination orders in force in each.
CB, the customer base
Every order cited for EQ (on the contractor), CR (on the traveler), PR (on the event host and the venue), CN (on the consumer and the retail partner) and SC (on the manufacturer and dealer), each of which was an order on a customer or counterparty of this industry.219
The modification compelled
Closure of the customer's site; confinement or quarantine of the customer; prohibition or capping of the customer's event; closure of the customer's store; idling of the supplier's plant.
The operation of the customer-base function was partially suspended in every one of the six quarters because of the orders on the industry's customers and counterparties in force in each, which were orders limiting the commerce of this industry because the commerce they limited was the transaction this industry performs.